Mathematical Sciences Institute

Australian National University

MATH 1013 - Mathematics and Its Applications

Worksheet 6

1 Calculus

a). Suppose that f (x) = x4 whenever x 2 R. Consider the uniform partition Pn of the interval
[0, 1], where
Pn = 0, n1 , n2 , n3 , . . . , 1 .

i). Calculate the Riemann SPn (f ) sum for f taking the sample points to be right endpoints
on the interval [0, 1]. A diagram should accompany your solution.
ii). Calculate lim SPn (f ) and interpret your result geometrically.
n!1
Note: You may find the following formula useful:
n
X n5 n4 n3 n
k 4 = 14 + 24 + 34 + · · · + n4 = + + .
5 2 3 30
k=1

b). Use part 1 of the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus to find the derivative of:
Z 3x
u2 1
g(x) = du
2x u2 + 1
A similar exercise can be found in Stewart (Example 5, p. 236).

c). (Adapted from Stewart Q31, p. 235.) A function f satisfies the integral equation
Z x
f (t) p
6+ 2
dt = 2 x 8x > 0,
a t

where a is a constant.

i). By choosing a suitable value for x, find the value of a.

ii). By di↵erentiating both sides with respect to x, find f (x).

d). Evaluate the following integral using the substitution rule.

Z
dt
(1 6t)4

1
2 Linear Algebra - Complex Numbers

a). Express the following in standard form a + bi.

i). (1 2i)2
1
ii).
1 2i
b). [Following on from this week’s Quiz Q3.]

i). Firstly, remind yourselves of the standard matrix of the linear transformation that
rotates R2 through an angle of ✓, counterclockwise about the origin:

cos ✓ sin ✓
.
sin ✓ cos ✓

Check that this does perform the rotation specified (by drawing a diagram to what
happens to the standard basis vectors in R2 under such a rotation — apply some
trigonometry! — and checking the above is therefore the standard matrix according
to the standard matrix formula taught in Week 5).
ii). Compare the action of the rotation matrix above on an element of R2 , with the action
of multiplying by cos ✓ + i sin ✓ (commonly written as ‘cis ✓’) when R2 is identified with
the field of complex numbers C in the standard way.
iii). Now compare what you discussed in part (ii) with the action of that same rotation
matrix when it acts by matrix multiplication on the left, on a matrix of the form

a b
.
b a

iv). Add the complex numbers a + bi and c + di together. Also multiply the complex
numbers a + bi and c + di together. Now also add and multiply the corresponding
matrices  
a b c d
and .
b a d c
What do you notice about the correspondence between the two additions, and the
correspondence between the two multiplications?
v). Noting that
 " # p " #
a b p p a p b a 2 + b2 p 0 p a p b
= a 2 + b2 a2 +b2 a2 +b2 = a2 +b2 a2 +b2 ,
b a p b p a 0 a 2 + b2 p b p a
a2 +b2 a2 +b2 a2 +b2 a2 +b2

draw a diagram of the complex number a+bi and the counterclockwise angle ✓ it makes
with the positive real axis in the complex plane, to determine the correspondence of
complex numbers between their forms a + bi and rcis ✓, but also consider how you can
figure out that same correspondence by going VIA the matrix representations discussed
above.

2
 vi). Discuss the e↵ect of dividing a complex number by another complex number of the
form rcis ✓, in light of Quiz Q3.

c). Express the following in polar form (Rcis ✓ form).

cis 2⇡3
i). 1 ⇡
2 cis 2

ii). The three cube roots of 8i.