The french Revolution Imp stuff

The French lawyer and political figure, Robespierre was associated with the
Estates- General and the Jacobin Club.

Sieyes was a French political writer whose pamphlet published in the year 1789,
was the Third Estate. It became the manifesto of the French Revolution.

Louis Capet, (Louis XVI) was a French King who attempted to reform France, but it
resulted in financial crisis and marked the beginning of the French Revolution.

Lafayette was a French aristocrat and military officer who fought in the American
Revolutionary War. Also, he was a key figure in the French Revolution.

* The principles of liberty, equality and fraternity of revolutionary period

influenced Indian nationalists. Indian nationalists developed a democratic outlook
and tried to imbibe these principles into the national movement.

*The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen was set by France's
National Constituent Assembly in 1789. It is a human civil rights document from
the time of French Revolution. This paper explains a list of rights, such as freedom
of religion, freedom of speech, freedom of assembly, freedom of opinion and
separation of powers.

*Napolean Bonapart

The years of bloodshed in France, led to the emergence of a dictator, who made
himself emperor-Napoleon Bonaparte. He rose in the ranks of the army to the
position of First Consul, the highest official in the country. Through his military
strategies he won many territories for France and he soon declared himself an
emperor in December 1804. France became a powerful nation in Europe under
Napoleon. It was more of a constitutional monarchy than an autocratic one. He
was defeated at the famous Battle of Waterloo by the Dutch of Wellington and
sent to exile. Napoleon restored order in France. He changed the tax system and
instituted new laws called the Napoleonic Code. This code made same laws
applicable all over France and put an end to the privileges of the nobles.

Napoleon came back to France and lead a coup d'etat means overthrowing of the
government, not necessarily through violence. Shortly afterward, a plebiscite (a
direct electorate vote) was held and Napoleon was made Emperor of France. He
used force to dominate affairs in France and Europe. He also made his closed
relatives and friends to administer the conquered states like Joseph Bonaparte in
Spain and many more.

* The Declaration of Rights of Man and of the Citizens states, “Since property is an
inviolable and sacred right, no one shall be deprived thereof except where public
necessity, legally determined, shall clearly demand it, and then only on condition
that the owner shall have been previously and equitably indemnified.

*In France, the gabelle was originally an indirect tax that was applied to
agricultural and industrial commodities, such as bed sheets, wheat, spices, and
wine. However, from the 14th century onward, the gabelle was limited and solely
referred to the French crown’s taxation of salt.

* The king came under the supervision of the government and France became a
constitutional monarchy.

Feudal system was abolished.

The nobles and the clergy were stripped - off of their privileges.

Taxes collected by the church were abolished and the lands owned by the church
were confiscated.

Power to make laws was vested in the hands of the national assembly.

Powers were distributed among the different institutions- - the judiciary, the
executive, and the legislature.
It limited the powers of the king.

*Napoleon was very ambitious and he went on to conquer territories outside

France and imposed French systems in the conquered lands of Italy, Spain and
Germany. The ideas of liberty and equality were spreading all over Europe which
Napoleon had brought with him. People were rising against any autocratic system
which opposed the ideas of liberalism or equality. The countries of Europe
inspired by the idea of nationalism rose against him. He was sent to exile but
returned the following year in 1815 for a period called the 'Hundred Days.'