CLOUD

ARCHITECTURE,
SERVICES AND
STORAGE
Cloud Architecture Design
Organizations are turning to the cloud for AI development, operational and
workstream optimizations, and to dynamically scale infrastructure to meet
changing business demands. As you design your cloud, it helps to keep in mind
that you are creating an infrastructure as well as a business model for scale,
resilience, and agility. To realize these goals, your cloud architecture design must
account for the unique needs of workloads, users, and operational costs.
Principles of Cloud Architecture
Before you can design your cloud, you must first assess your existing environment and
business needs. Here are just some of the questions you will need to explore:

• What are your existing workloads and applications?

• Where do they currently run, and who uses them?
• How is your overall cloud utilization? Is it lower than it should be because it was
designed to accommodate peak loads? Do you need to scale up to support new
workloads?
• Are you running into any bottlenecks in compute performance, memory, or
networking?
• What does your virtualization environment look like? Are you using containers?
• How will you ensure resiliency? Should this involve using multiple cloud service
providers?
Cloud Infrastructure
Components
There are two sides of the cloud environment. The front end is what’s visible to
the end user; in other words, it’s the user interface. The back-end infrastructure is
what runs the cloud. This back end is made up of data center hardware,
virtualization, applications, and services. The front end communicates with the
back end through middleware. Whether on-premises or via your preferred cloud
service provider, your back-end cloud infrastructure includes the following layers.
• Data Center Hardware
• Virtualization Layer
• Applications and Services Layer
Layered Cloud Architecture
Design
NIST Conceptual Cloud Reference
Model
Cloud Reference Architecture
Cloud Reference Architecture includes five major actors:
➢ Cloud Consumer
➢ Cloud Provider
➢ Cloud Auditor
➢ Cloud Broker
➢ Cloud Carrier
Cloud Consumer

A cloud consumer is an organization (or a human) that has a formal contract or

arrangement with a cloud provider to use IT resources made available by the
cloud provider.

A cloud consumer (Organization A) interacts with a cloud

service from a cloud provider (that owns Cloud A). Within
Organization A, the cloud service consumer is being used to
access the cloud service.
 Cloud Consumer
Some Typical Usage Scenarios:
Example 1: Cloud broker interacting with cloud consumer
 Cloud Consumer
Some Typical Usage Scenarios:
Example 2: Scenario for cloud carrier
 Cloud Consumer
Some Typical Usage Scenarios:
Example 3: Usage scenario involving a cloud auditor
Cloud Consumer
Cloud Provider
Cloud Provider is an entity that offers cloud services to interested
parties. A cloud provider manages the infrastructure needed for
providing cloud services. The CSP also runs the software to provide
services and organizes the service delivery to cloud consumers through
network.

➢ SaaS
➢ PaaS
➢ IaaS
Cloud Provider
Cloud Auditor
A cloud auditor is a party that can perform an independent
examination of cloud service controls with the intent to express an
opinion thereon. A cloud auditor can evaluate the services provided
by a cloud provider in terms of security controls, privacy impact,
performance, etc.
Cloud Broker
A cloud broker is a third-party individual or business that acts as an
intermediary between the purchaser of a cloud computing service and
the sellers of that service. In general, a broker is someone who acts as
an intermediary between two or more parties during negotiations.
Cloud Broker
In addition to acting as an intermediary for contract negotiations, a cloud broker might
also provide the customer with additional services, facilitating
the deduplication, encryption and transfer of the customer's data to the cloud and
assisting with data lifecycle management (DLM). This type of broker is sometimes
referred to as a cloud enabler.

Another type of broker, sometimes referred to as a cloud customizer or white label

cloud service, selects cloud services on behalf of a customer, integrates the services to
work together and sells the new offering under their own brand.
Cloud Carrier
A cloud carrier acts as an intermediary that provides connectivity and transport of
cloud services between cloud consumers and cloud providers.

➢ Cloud carriers provide access to consumers through network, telecommunication

and other access devices. For example, cloud consumers can obtain cloud services
through network access devices, such as computers, laptops, mobile phones,
mobile Internet devices (MIDs), etc.

➢ The distribution of cloud services is normally provided by network and

telecommunication carriers or a transport agent, where a transport agent refers to
a business organization that provides physical transport of storage media such as
high-capacity hard drives.
Cloud Deployment Models
A cloud deployment models are defined according to where the
computing infrastructure resides and who controls the infrastructure.
The NIST have classified cloud deployment models into four categories
namely.
➢ Public Cloud
➢ Private Cloud
➢ Hybrid Cloud
➢ Community Cloud
Cloud Service Models
Cloud Computing is meant to provide variety of
services and applications for users over the
internet or intranet.

There are the following three types of cloud service

models -
1.Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
2.Platform as a Service (PaaS)
3.Software as a Service (SaaS)
Cloud Service Models
Cloud Service Models
Architecture Design Challenges
➢ Cloud computing is used for enabling global access to mutual pools of resources
such as services, apps, data, servers, and computer networks. It is done on either a
third-party server located in a data center or a privately owned cloud.

➢ This makes data-accessing contrivances more reliable and efficient, with nominal
administration effort.

➢ Because cloud technology depends on the allocation of resources to attain

consistency and economy of scale, similar to a utility, it is also fairly cost-effective,
making it the choice for many small businesses and firms.

➢ But there are also many challenges involved in cloud computing, and if you’re not
prepared to deal with them, you won’t realize the benefits.
Architecture Design Challenges
Challenges related to
unpredictable performance and
bottlenecks
Challenges related to data Challenges related to service
privacy, compliance and security availability and vendor/data
concerns lock-in

Architectural design
challenges in Cloud

Challenges related to cloud Challenges related to

scalability, interoperability and distributed storage and bugs in
standardization softwares

Challenges related to software

licensing and reputation sharing
Cloud Sync
Cloud file syncing is an application that keeps files in different locations up to date
through the cloud. For cloud file syncing, a user sets up a cloud-based folder, to which
the desired files are copied. This folder makes the files accessible via a web interface
for multiple users, on whatever device they are using.

Cloud Backup
Cloud backup, also known as online backup or remote backup, is a strategy for
sending a copy of a physical or virtual file or database to a secondary, off-site location
for preservation in case of equipment failure or catastrophe.
Storage as a Service
Storage as a service (SaaS) is a cloud business
model in which a company leases or rents its
storage infrastructure to another company or
individuals to store data.

Small companies and individuals often find this

to be a convenient methodology for managing
backups, and providing cost savings in
personnel, hardware and physical space.
Methods provided by Storage
as a Service
▪ Back up and Restore
▪ Disaster Recovery
▪ Block Storage
▪ SSD Storage
▪ Object Storage
▪ Transmission of Bulk Data
Advantages of Storage as a
Service
▪ Cost
▪ Invisibility
▪ Security
▪ Automation
▪ Accessibility
▪ Syncing
▪ Sharing
▪ Collaboration
▪ Data protection
▪ Disaster Recovery
Disadvantages of Storage as
a Service

▪ Potential Downtimes
▪ Limited Customization
▪ Vendor Lock-in
▪ Unreliable
Cloud Storage
Cloud storage is a cloud computing model
that stores data on the Internet through a
cloud computing provider who manages and
operates data storage as a service. It’s
delivered on demand with just-in-time
capacity and costs, and eliminates buying
and managing your own data storage
infrastructure. This gives you agility, global
scale and durability, with “anytime,
anywhere” data access.
Cloud Storage
Risks in Cloud Storage

▪ Dependency
▪ Unintended Permanence
▪ Insecure Interfaces and APIs
▪ Compliance risks
Advantages in Cloud Storage
▪ Accessibility
▪ Greater Collaboration
▪ Security
▪ Cost-Efficient
▪ Instant Data Recovery
▪ Syncing and Updating
▪ Disaster Recovery
Disadvantages in Cloud Storage
▪ Privacy Concerns
▪ Dependency on Internet Connection
▪ Compliance Problems
▪ Vulnerability on attacks
▪ Data Management
▪ Data Protection Concerns
Cloud Storage Providers

▪ Amazon S3
▪ Google Bigtable datastore
▪ Microsoft Live Mesh
▪ Nirvanix