In the work Campo relampejante (1977), the artist Walter de Maria places iron rods in regular

spaces, in a field of 1600 square meters in New Mexico. The work is part of the artistic
movement Land Art, which deals with the

DE MARIA, W. Lightning field, 1977.

Available at: www.ballardian.com. Accessed on: 12 June. 2018.

Constitution of the artistic scene marked by the natural landscape, modified by multimedia.

Occupation of an empty space with no specific function, coming to exist as art.

Use of traditional equipment as a support for artistic activity.

Dissemination of scientific phenomena that dialogue with the aesthetics of art.

Exhibition of the work in natural and institutional places open to the public.

Joseph Kosuth's work dates from 1965 and consists of a photograph of a chair, an exposed
chair and a painting with the entry “Chair”.

It is an example of conceptual art that reveals the paradox between truth and imitation, since
art

It is not reality, but a representation of it.

It is based on repetition, building variations.

It is not defined, as it depends on the interpretation of the user.

Withstands time, benefiting from multiple forms of registration.

It redraws the truth, approaching the lexical definitions.

This artistic movement flourished in the middle of the 20th century and was based on the
imaginary of consumerism and popular culture. It was seen as a reaction to abstract
expressionism, as its practitioners reintroduced figurative images into the plastic repertoire
and made use of banal themes.

(Ian Chilvers (ed.). Oxford Dictionary of Art, 2007. Adapted.)

A work representative of the artistic movement portrayed in the text is reproduced in:

This new artistic sensibility, despite being heterogeneous, can be summarized through
attention to form and theme, as well as to the process. The shape includes saturated colors,
simple shapes, relatively sharp contours, and suppression of deep space. The theme derives
from pre-existing sources and manufactured for mass consumption.
(David McCarthy. Modern Art Movements, 2002. Adapted.)

Historian David McCarthy's commentary applies to the work reproduced in:

The image above, a work by Andy Warhol, belongs to a series that makes reference to other
icons of the 20th century. About the artist and the work it is correct to say that:

Che Guevara, Pelé and Marilyn Monroe are references in their fields and were portrayed by
Warhol because the artist wanted young people to imitate them.

The artist denounced the actions of the Cuban regime, through the image of Che Guevara,
while at the same time criticizing the American cultural predominance, when doing similar
work with Marilyn Monroe.

Pop Art, in which Andy Warhol is inserted, is a movement that values media culture, hence its
predilection for representatives of the left and minorities, such as women and blacks.

The proliferation of images produced by advertising, cinema, TV and newspapers stimulated a

painting that brought to the canvas, with Pop Art, well-known references.

In People in the Sun, a 1960 work by the American Edward Hopper, people appear side by side,
but do not communicate with each other.

People in the Sun, 1960, oil on canvas, 102.5 x 153.3 cm, Edward Hopper, Smithsonian
Institution, Washington, USA.

This leads to the inference that the work deals mainly with the

Dystopia.

Empathy.

Existentialism.

Evasion.

Loneliness.

This image represents pop art. This artistic movement appeared in the United States around
1960 and achieved extensive international repercussions.

About pop art, it is reported that

The source of creation for artists linked to this movement denies the daily life of large North
American cities, as it is a critical art.

Its themes are symbols and industrial products aimed at the urban masses: electric lamps,
automobiles, traffic signs, canned goods and even images of great artists and politicians.
It is clear, from its language and themes, that the critical vision present in this artistic
expression aims to deny the breaking of the barrier that exists between art and common life.

The expressive resources used by this artistic expression are quite different from those used by
the mass media.

This movement has only industrialized products as its themes, since the main objective of pop
art is to stimulate and promote consumption in modern society.

Analyze the following image.

Andy Warhol was one of the representatives of pop art, which emerged in England and the
United States in the 1950s. The image shown reflects the conception of this artistic movement,
when

It chooses a female personality for the theme, associating art with the struggle of the feminist
movement.

It features a single face in sequence, demonstrating the uniqueness of the celebrated

individuals.

It transforms images broadcast in the cultural industry, expanding the possibilities of