Quarter 1

ARTS 10
Week 8
LESSON 2: Expressionism: A Bold New Movement

PRE TEST

Direction: Read carefully and understand the questions/statements. Choose the letter of the
best answer.
1. Fauvism is the style of les Fauves; a French word which means _______.
a. Wild Flower c. Wild Beast
b. Wild Men d. Wild Boar
2. A Spanish painter and sculptor and considered as the father of Cubism.
a. Claude Monet c. Pablo Picasso
b. Edward Munch d. Vincent Van Gogh
3. A style of abstractionism popular in the 1960s which made use of precisely planned and
positioned lines, spaces, and colors to create the illusion of movement.
a. Action Painting c. Pop Art
b. Op Art d. Dadaism
4. A work of art in which ordinary household objects such as vases of flowers, plate, fruit,
food, and the like are depicted as the main subject.
a. Mural c. Still life
b. Landscape d. Impasto
5. He was the leading figure in Pop Art.
a. James Rosenquist c. Roy Lichtenstein
b. Andy Warhol d. Pablo Picasso
6. A contemporary art form that uses sculptural materials and other media to modify the
way the viewer experiences a particular space.
a. Performance Art c. Abstractionism
b. Installation Art d. Op Art
7. An art movement that emerged in the second half of the 19th century among a group of
Paris-based artists.
a. Impressionism c. Neo-classicism
b. Expressionism d. Avant garde
8. In the early 1900s, there arose in the Western art world movement that came to be known
as _____.
a. Expressionism c. Modern Nationalism
b. Neo-classicism d. Impressionism
9. Dadaism was a style characterized by dream fantasies, memory images, and visual tricks
and surprises.
a. Fauvism c. Dadaism
b. Neoprimitivism d. Cubism
10. Art style derived its name from the cube, a three dimensional geometric figure composed
of strictly measured lines, planes, and angles.
a. Fauvism c. Dadaism
b. Neoprimitivism d. Cubism
LESSON 2: Expressionism: A Bold New Movement

Another group of artistic styles emerged at the same time as the expressionist movement. It
had the same spirit of freedom of expression and openness that characterized life in the 20th
century, but it differed from expressionism in certain ways. This group of styles was known as
abstractionism.

The abstractionist movement arose from the intellectual points of view in the 20th
century. In the world of science, physicists were formulating a new view of the universe, which
resulted in the concepts of space-time and relativity. This intellectualism was reflected even in art.
While expressionism was emotional, abstractionism was logical and rational. It involved analyzing,
detaching,selecting and simplifying.

 Grouped under abstractionism are the following art styles:

Cubism - the cubist style derived its name from the cube, a three dimensional geometric figure
composed of strictly measured lines, planes, and angles.

Seated Woman Three Musicians Three Musicians, Woman with a guitar,

(Marie-Therese), Picasso 1921 Braque 1913
Picasso 1937

Futurism - the movement known as futurism began in Italy in the early 1900s. As the name implies,
the futurists created art for a fast-paced, machine-propelled age. They admired the
motion, force, speed, and strength of mechanical forms.

Movement and Sensation, Balla Dynamism of a Cyclist, Boccioni 1913

Mechanical Style - a result of the futurist movement. In this style, basic forms such as planes,
cones, spheres, and cylinders all fit together precisely and neatly in their
pointed places.

The City Fernand Léger, 1919 Oil on canvas

Nonobjectivism – the style that came in the logical geometrical conclusion of abstractionism. They
did not make use of figures or representations of figures, did not refer to
recognizable objects or forms in the outside world.

Piet Mondrian, New York City I, 1942

LESSON 3: Abstract Expressionism, Pop Art, Op Art

The New York School
In the 1920s and 1930s, aspiring young American painters, sculptors, and writers sailed to Europe
to expand their horizons. But during the dark days of World War II, a reverse migration brought
European scientists, architects, and artists to American shores. New York, in particular, became a
haven for the newly-arrived artists and their American counterparts. The result was the
establishment of what came to be known as “The New York School”—as opposed to “The School
of Paris” that had been very influential in Europe. The daring young artists in this movement
succeeded in creating their own synthesis of Europe’s cubist and surrealist styles. Their style came
to be known as abstract expressionism.

Action Painting. One form of abstract expressionism was seen in the works of Jackson Pollock.
These were created through what came to be known as “action painting. Pollock worked on huge
canvases spread on the floor, splattering, squirting, and dribbling paint with (seemingly) no pre-
planned pattern or design in mind. The total effect is one of vitality, creativity, “energy made visible.”

Color Field Painting. In contrast to the vigorous gestures of the action painters, another group of
artists who came to be known as “color field painters” used different color saturations (purity,
vividness, intensity) to create their desired effects.
After “The New York School”
By the early 1960s, the momentum of The New York School slowed down. In its place, a
new crop of artists came on the scene using lighter treatment and flashes of humor, even
irreverence, in their artworks. The movements they brought about have come to be called:

Neodadaism, Pop Art, Op Art

The neodadaism of the 1960s wanted to make reforms in traditional values. It also made use
of commonplace, trivial, even nonsensical objects. But unlike the angry, serious tone of the original
dadaists, the neodadaists seemed to enjoy nonsense for its own sake and simply wanted to laugh
at the world.
Their works ranged from paintings, to posters, to collages, to three-dimensional
“assemblages” and installations. These made use of easily recognizable objects and images from
the emerging consumer society.

Conceptual Art
As the term implies, conceptual art was that which arose in the mind of the artist, took concrete form
for a time, and then disappeared (unless it was captured in photo or film documentation).
Conceptualists questioned the idea of art as objects to be bought and sold. Instead, they brought
their artistic ideas to life temporarily, using such unusual materials as grease, blocks of ice, food,
even just plain dirt.
A key difference between a conceptual artwork and a traditional painting or sculpture is that the
conceptualist’s work often requires little or no physical craftsmanship. Much of the artist’s time and
effort goes into the concept or idea behind the work, with the actual execution then being relatively
quick and simple.
Pop Art was hugely successful and became an icon of the 1960s. The champions of Pop Art were
Roy Lichtenstein, Andy Warhol and Tom Wesselmann.
It coincided with the globalization of pop music and youth culture, personified by Elvis and The
Beatles.
Pop Art was brash, colorful, young, fun and hostile to the artistic establishment. The images of
celebrity and consumerism by Andy Warhol and the comic book iconography of Roy Lichtenstein
represent the style as we know it today.

Op Art
Another movement that emerged in the 1960s was optical art or “op art.” This was yet another
experiment in visual experience—a form of “action painting,” with the action taking place in the
viewer’s eye. In op art, lines, spaces, and colors were precisely planned and positioned to give the
illusion of movement.
 Famous Filipino Counterpart of Expressionism

José T. Joya (June 3, 1931 – May 11, 1995) was a Filipino abstract artist and a National Artist of
the Philippines awardee. Joya was a printmaker, painter, mixed media artist, and a former dean of
the University of the Philippines' College of Fine Arts. He pioneered abstract expressionism in the
Philippines. His canvases were characterized by "dynamic spontaneity" and "quick gestures" of
action painting. He is the creator of compositions that were described as "vigorous compositions" of
heavy impastoes, bold brushstrokes, controlled dips, and diagonal swipes". Joya added the brilliant
tropical colors. He was awarded a Fulbright-Smile-Mundt grant which enabled him to pursue a
master's degree in Fine Arts in 1956–57. His works were strongly influenced by the tropical
landscapes of the Philippine Islands. Among his masterpieces are the Nanking (a collage rendered
with Asian calligraphy and forms and patterns resembling rice paddies).

Granadean Arabesque’, 1958 © Joya

Alfonso Angel Yangco Ossorio (August 2, 1916 – December 5, 1990) was a Filipino
American abstract expressionist artist who was born in Manila in 1916 to wealthy
Filipino parents from the province of Negros Occidental. His heritage was Hispanic,
Filipino, and Chinese.

Alfonso A. Ossorio, Forearmed, Angry Christ Mural by Alfonso Ossorio

mixed media assemblage, 1967
LESSON 3: Contemporary Arts Forms

The 20th century also saw the rise of new art forms aside from the traditional ones of painting
and sculpture. Among these were installation art and performance art. Installation art makes use
of space and materials in truly innovative ways, while performance art makes use of the human
body, facial expressions, gestures, and sounds. Both speak powerfully about contemporary issues,
challenging their viewers to respond.
Installation art is a contemporary art form that uses sculptural materials and other media to
modify the way the viewer experiences a particular space. Usually life size or sometimes even
larger, installation art is not necessarily confined to gallery spaces. It can be constructed or
positioned in everyday public or private spaces, both indoor and outdoor.
It may be said that primitive forms of this art have existed since prehistoric times. However, this
genre was not regarded as a distinct category until the mid-20th century and only came to
prominence in the 1970s. The installation artist’s manipulation of space and materials has also been
called “environmental art,” “project art,” and “temporary art.”

Cordillera Labyrinth Roberto Villanueva,

1989 Bamboo and runo grass Outdoor
installation at the Cultural Center of the
Philippines

Performance art is a form of modern art in which the actions of an individual or a group at a particular
place and in a particular time constitute the work. It can happen anywhere, at any time, or for any
length of time. It can be any situation that involves four basic elements:
 time
 space
 the performer’s body
 a relationship between performer and audience.
Performance art does include such activities as theater, dance, music, mime, juggling, and
gymnastics.
However, the term is usually reserved for more unexpected, avant garde, and unorthodox activities
intended to capture the audience’s attention. The performer himself or herself is the artist, rather
than
an actor playing a character as in a stage play.
The performance venue may range from an art gallery or museum to a theater, café, bar, or street
corner. The performance itself rarely follows a traditional storyline or plot. It might be a series of
intimate gestures, a grand theatrical act, or the performer remaining totally still. It may last for just a
few minutes or extend for several hours. It may be based on a written script or spontaneously
improvised as the performance unfolds.
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region I
Schools Division Office I Pangasinan
Lingayen

ACTIVITY SHEETS IN ARTS 10

NAME:_________________________________________________DATE : _______________
YEAR & SECTION: __________________________________________

Activity #1

1. Describe how the different elements and principles were used by expressionist artists to convey
their individual style.

2. What are the characteristics of fauvism?

3. Why was the child’s term “dada” fitting for the art movement known as dadaism?

4. What art movement expressed the artists’ social role?

5. Describe how each of the following styles reflected modern life:

a. futurism
b. mechanical style
c. nonobjectivism

Activity #2
“My Own Modern Art – OP ART”

 Prepare your materials – 1 short coupon bond; watercolors, acrylic paints, poster colors,
crayons, or pastels, pen, pencil.
 Be ready to explain the op art style and techniques that you used.