J-4_ 4 II ha DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORT STRUCTURAL DESIGN REQUIREMENTS GENERAL ‘The Department of Transport (DOT) “Structural Design Manual” is under preparation, Until completion and distribution of this revised Manual the following Structural Design Requirements shall be used for the related projects. ‘The purpose of this document is to provide Bridge Design Criteria in order to establish a uniform project design and construction policy that will aid the Consultant in the preparation of design, drawings and specifications, and insure safe and uniform structural capacity throughout the project. Structures shall be designed in accordance with the latest metric edition, including revisions, of the AASHTO-LRFD Bridge Design Specifications and AASHTO-LRFD Bridge Construction Specifications - published by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) and the Structural Design Standards included in this document. All calculations and drawings shall be in metric (SI) system. The Structural Design requirements presented hereunder shall govern over the AASHTO-LRFD Specifications wherever these are “At Variance With” or “In Addition To” the AASHTO Specifications. These criteria set forth minimum standards. The Consultant may propose more conscrvative criteria if, in his judgment, such criteria are required. However, all deviations from the criteria must be justified and receive prior approval from the DOT. Al designs shall be checked in the Consultant’s Office independently by another Professional Engineer (other than the Designer) and all calculation sheets and drawings shall be signed by both Designer and Checker. ARCHITECTURAL CONSIDERATIONS, Every effort should be made in the treatment of structures to respect the Islamic design and culture, Design concepts should be easily implemented. Construction ‘considerations are also to be taken into account in the architectural treatment ‘concepts. Architectural elements should be functional, durable and easily maintained. Each structure should have individuality; however, a totally different design is not required for each structure. It is desirable to maintain a sense of continuity throughout the whole project. Architectural treatment should be continuous through an interchange. Underpasses spanning a given roadway should have similar treatment to establish continuity. Decorative and median ting should be similar on overpasses along a given route. Rev. 2, Janl03A 344 32 343 3nd DESGN FEATURES Vertical Clearance The following are minimum vertical clearance requirements for highway traffic structures, pedestrian overpasses, railroad overpasses, tunnels and sign structures, Lesser clearances may be used only under very restrictive conditions, upon individual analysis and with the approval of the DOT Highway Traffic Structures The design vertical clearance to structures passing over Freeways, Highways and all Rural and Urban Arterials shall be at least 6.50 meters over the entire roadway width, including auxiliary lanes and shoulders. An allowance for the possible long-term deflection shall be added, For any vertical clearance less than 6.50 m the Consultant shall obtain prior approval of DoT during the concept stage. Pedestrian Overpasses Because of their lesser resistance to impacts, the minimum design vertical clearance to pedestrian overpasses shall be 6.50 meters regardless of the highway system classification. An allowance for the possible long-term deflection shall be added. ‘Channel Crossings For bridges over channels, the minimum overhead clearance within navigable shipping channels shall be greater than 8S meters above HHWL, unless otherwise instructed by the DOT. The navigable width shall be as required by concemed authorities. Railroad Overpasses ‘Structures over rilways shall provide a minimum clearance of 7.00 meters above top of rail, except that overhead clearance less than 7.00 meters may be approved when justified on the basis of railroad electrification. No additional allowance needs to be provided for future track adjustments. 3.1.5 Tunnels and Underpasses ‘The minimum design vertical clearance for tunnels shall be at least 6.50 meters for freeways and arterials. For any vestical clearance less than 6.50 m the Consultant shall obtain prior approval of DoT during the concept stageJ 4 II a DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORT ‘A minimum vertical clearance of 3.5 meters is required for pedestrian tunnels and 6.0 ‘meters for camel underpasses. 3.1.6 Sign Structures Because of their lesser resistance to impacts, the minimum design vertical clearance to sign structures shall be 6,50 meters regardless of the highway system classification. 3.1.7 Width The horizontal clear width for rural bridges where approach guardrail is used shall provide an additional width om each side of the approach roadway widih to allow the bridge ruil to line up with the approach guardrail. The horizontal clear width for urban bridges, in which curb and gutter and/or sidewalks are used, shall equal the approach roadway width, 3.2 Geometric Design Bridge, underpass and tunnel cross section, maximum gradients, shoulders, sidewalk and median width, road markings, road signs, studs, etc. shall be in accordance with the DOT standards and requirements. For any items not covered in DOT standards the Consultant shall provide DOT with his own proposal based on related international codes and standards. 33. Design Speed ‘The Design speed shall be 140 Krv/h for main roads, 80 Kmvh for slip roads and 60 Kmvh for loops unless other values are approved by the DOT due to geometric constraints. During Conceptual, and Preliminary Design Stages, the Consultant shall prepare and submit the main parameters, to be adopted for the geometric design of roads, tunnels, and bridges, based on the latest AASHTO-LRED standards, for review and approval by the DoT. 4. Structural Design 4.1 Design Specifications In general the structural design shall comply with the latest SI edition of AASHTO- LRFD Bridge Design and Bridge Construction Specifications subject to variations mentioned herein, Re, 2, Jan10 342 Design Methods Structures shall be designed according to AASHTO-LRFD requirements regarding modeling, toads, load combinations and stress limits unless defined otherwise herein, And they shall be analyzed as grillage or FE models, unless approved otherwise by the DOT. 4.3 Service Life 44 45 46 ‘The design service life for bridges and tunnels shall be 75 years. For major bridges, the DOT may require a service life of 100 years, Live Load The normal design vehicular live load will be AASHTO LRFD HLS3 loading times 1.5 (for all limit states including fatigue). This factor shall be applied to truck, lane load, and tandem load, This modified loading shall be used for calculation of other related loads such as braking, friction, etc. A single permit vehicle, type Caltrans P13, total weight 1400 KN, shall be applied without dynamic allowance for the Strength I] limit state. Dead Load ~ Unit weight of reinforced and prestressed concrete is 25 KN/m3 ~ 110 mm of asphalt wearing course shall be considered. Unit weight of ‘wearing course: 23 KN/m3. = The actual weight and position of all known utilities shall be considered, ~All structures shall be designed to carry an additional dead load (curb to curb) of 0.75 KN/m*. Other Loads ~ Earth pressure according to AASHTO-LRFD. = The reference construction temperature shall be considered as +30°C. The design temperature range for concrete bridges and other structures shall be (60°C (ie. +30°C and -30°C) and for steel bridges 70°C (i.e. +40°C and - 30°C), Temperature gradient for Zone 1 in accordance with AASHTO- LRED Section 3.12.3 shall be applied. ~ For service, a wind gust velocity of 160 km/hr and for the construction period a wind gust velocity of minimum 90 knvir shall be considered. Rev. 2, Janl0 4jis sd bl DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORT = Seismic design shall be carried out following the general principles set out in AASHTO-LRFD for Zone 1. For the earthquake event, the coincident traffic load shall be 50% of the design traffic load (ie. 75% standard AASHTO-LRFD), ~ _ Differential settlement shall be considered in the design as indicated in the Geotechnical Report. If not addressed in the Geotechnical Report, the Consultant, based on soil nature and span length, shall suggest a value to be approved by the DOT. Anyway it shall not be less than the amount required for jacking during bearing replacement or 20mm. 4.7 Conerete Strength Concrete for all structures shall have the following minimum specified compressive cylindrical strength. ~ Cast-in-place post-tensioned concrete 40Mpa ~ Pre-stressed precast conerete in bridge superstructure 4SMPa ~ Cast-insplace reinforced concrete in bridge superstructure, barriers and precast panels 35 MPa. ~ Pier shafts, abutments, walls, bored piles, and their pile-caps, approach slab 35Mpa, + Non-reinforced concrete 20Mpa. 4.8 Minimum Concrete Cover The following minimum concrete clear cover shall be provided: + Concrete exposed to salt water & splash zone 100 mm, + Concrete ofall substructure elements in contact with earth 100 mm. — ~ Concrete of all substructure elements exposed to weather 80mm ~ Superstructure cast-in-place concrete exposed to weather 60mm, = Inside faces of post-tensioned concrete boxes 50mm, ~ Prefabricated superstructure elements, outside 50mm ~ Prefabricated superstructure elements, inside faces, 40 mm Rev. 2 Jan10 5J 4! he DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORT 4.9 Allowable Stresses in Prestressed Concrete Members Main members which are designed as pre-stressed shall have zero tension under the Service Il] limit state for structures in coastal area and 0.125Vfe Mpa elsewhere. The tensile stress limit at transfer shall be limited to 0.25VPe Mpa. 4.10 Concrete Crack Control Crack control shall be according to the relevant AASHTO-LRFD clauses including clause 5.7.3.4. In this clause, the exposure factor ye shall be taken ‘generally as 0.60 but for buried structures ye = 0.40 shall be used, Note that g— additional consideration shall be given in the design to limiting cracks due to intrinsic (including early thermal) effects. 4.11 Railings In general, concrete Barriers (standard New Jersey type) shall be used as vehicular railing. 4.12 Foundation Design Generally, foundation design shall be according to AASHTO-LRFD. Spread footings shall be used for all retaining walls. In exceptional cases where spread footings may not be feasible, piled foundations may be used subject to approval by the DOT. Analysis and design of pile systems (piles and pilecaps) shall be performed by methods considering soil-pile interaction and shall be adequate to the complexity of the system. 5. Materials 5.1, Conerete Low heat of hydration and high durability mix incorporating ground granulated blast fumace slag (gabf's)(65%) to ASTM C989, or equivalent, or pulverized fly ash (30%) to BS 3892 o equivalent, or silika fume and OPC to ASTM C150 or ‘equivalent. 5.2. Reinforeement All reinforcement shall be deformed billet steel bars to BS 4449 type 2 grade 460 (preferred) or ASTM A61SM grade 420 as an alternative. Rev. 2,Jami0 6J 4 I! 8, is DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORT 5.3. Pre-stressing Steel 15.24 mm diameter low relaxation seven wire strand to ASTM Ad16-96a Grade 270 yield strength 1670 MPa, tensile strength 1860 MPa, minimum breaking load 261 KN. Low relaxation properties conforming to AASHTO M203M (ASTM A416M or £328) For design purposes, the humidity shall be considered 60%, 6. Miscellaneous 8) The bridges shall be designed to carry. heavy truck traffic and provide free flow of traffic forall types of vehicles. b) Materials and execution of works shall be according to the “General Specifications for Civil Works", prepared by former “Works DOT” until ‘new Specifications are prepared. ©) Access to different part of structures shall be provided for inspection and ‘maintenance. All bearings shall be replaceable and the required jacking points shall be provided. 4) Roads and Bridges lighting systems, connections, poles, etc. shall be in accordance with Abu Dhabi Water & Electricity Authority Standards and requirements. €) The design shall try not to affect and take consideration of the adjacent existing buildings and structures (if any) or any planned construction in the 4) The design shall take into consideration that the disturbance to traffic flow ‘on the existing roads be minimized during construction. The Consultant shall design the detours to be approved by the DOT and Traffic Police. 2) Services provisions shall be as required by concerned authorities. Protection culverts for oil, water, sewer and electricity shall be designed according 10 ‘both the DOT and the concerned authorities requirements. fh) All sign attachments, their connections and their appurtenances shall be designed in accordance with the latest SI edition of AdSHTO Standard ‘Specifications for Structural Supports for Highways Signs, Luminaires, and Traffic Signals. The detailed Design Criteria defining all major design aspects shall be prepared by the Consultant and submitted as “Approval In Principle (AIP)” with the Rev. 2 Jani #Conceptual Design Report for review and approval by the DOT. This report shall be revised as necessary and completed as the project progresses during the Preliminary and Final Design stage ev. 2, Janl0 8