Solar System 9th Edition Seeds Test Bank 1

Chapter 05 - Gravity
Solar System 9th Edition Seeds Test Bank

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True / False
1. Newton’s first law of motion is essentially a restatement of Galileo’s law of inertia.

a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: 5-1 Galileo's and Newton's Two New Sciences
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASTR.SEED.16.5-2 - What were Newton’s insights about motion and gravity?
OTHER: Bloom's: Understand
2. Aristotle believed that objects falling to the ground fall at a constant rate of speed.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASTR.SEED.16.5-1 - What were Galileo’s insights about motion and gravity?
3. Galileo believed that motion stops in the absence of a force.

a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
4. Newtonian gravity is often called universal mutual gravitation because every particle with mass in the Universe must
attract every other particle.
a. True
b. False
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1
ANSWER: True
OTHER: Bloom's: Apply
5. Changing the direction of a moving body does not impact its velocity.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
6. The escape velocity at a given distance from a planet is less than the circular velocity of an orbit around that planet at
the same distance.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: 5-2 Orbital Motion and Tides
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASTR.SEED.16.5-3 - How does gravity explain orbital motion?
7. The Moon pulls more strongly on Earth’s near and far side than on its center.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASTR.SEED.16.5-4 - How does gravity explain tides?
8. The apparent positions of stars around the sun during an eclipse have been used to prove the general theory of relativity.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: 5-3 Einstein and Relativity
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASTR.SEED.16.5-5 - What were Einstein’s insights about motion and gravity?
9. The neap tides occur at the new moon and full moon.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
10. Spring tides occur during the new and full lunar phases.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
11. Two objects in orbit around each other orbit their common center of mass.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
12. Newton’s third law states that forces occur in pairs acting in the same direction.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
13. If an object’s velocity equals or exceeds the escape velocity, it will follow a closed parabolic or hyperbolic orbit.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
14. The second postulate of special relativity states that the speed of light, when measured in a vacuum, is constant for all
observers.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
15. Special relativity states the relationship between energy and mass as .
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
Multiple Choice
16. According to Aristotle, an object with no forces acting on it will ____.

a. move faster and faster
b. eventually stop moving
c. move at a constant speed forever
d. first increase and then decrease in speed
e. first decrease and then increase in speed
ANSWER: b
17. In contradiction to the teachings of Aristotle, Galileo found that an object with no forces (and no friction) acting on it
will ____.
a. move faster and faster
b. eventually stop moving
c. move at a constant speed forever
d. first increase and then decrease in speed
e. first decrease and then increase in speed
ANSWER: c
18. According to Galileo, the acceleration of a freely falling object due to gravity is ____.
a. larger if the object is dropped from a greater height
b. smaller if the object is dropped from a greater height
c. larger if the mass of the object is larger
d. smaller if the mass of the object is larger
e. the same regardless of the mass and the height from which it is dropped
ANSWER: e
REFERENCES: Galileo's and Newton's Two New Sciences
19. According to Aristotle, which scenario illustrates violent motion?

a. An apple falling from a tree
b. A mass of warm air rising above hot pavement
c. An arrow moving through the air after leaving the bow
d. A person pushing a car along the street

e. A barrel rolling down a ramp
ANSWER: d
20. Galileo determined that ____.

a. heavy objects accelerate at a slower speed than lighter objects
b. lighter objects accelerate at a slower speed than heavier objects
c. an object’s acceleration is due to the height from which it is dropped
d. all objects fall at a constant speed
e. all objects fall at a constant acceleration
ANSWER: e
21. Mutual gravitation is ____.

a. a type of force that acts on an object moving at constant speed
b. the acceleration of an object in the absence of a force
c. a property of all matter in the universe
d. the limit of gravitational force from one object to another
e. a type of force that repels surrounding particles
ANSWER: c
22. Newton concluded that some force must act on the Moon because ____.
a. a force is needed to pull the Moon away from straight-line motion
b. a force is needed to pull the Moon outward
c. a force is needed to keep the Moon in motion
d. the Moon has at a constant velocity
e. the Moon has a constant acceleration
ANSWER: a
23. When two objects of unequal mass orbit each other, the center of mass is ____.
a. at the center of the more massive object
b. at the center of the least massive object
c. half way between the centers of each object

d. always closer to the less massive of the two objects

e. always closer to the more massive of the two objects
ANSWER: e
24. The ____ of an object is a measure of the amount of matter it contains. The ____ is a measure of the gravitational
force on an object.
a. weight; mass
b. mass; weight
c. energy; force
d. force; energy
e. momentum; energy
ANSWER: b
25. Gravity obeys the inverse square law, which implies that the gravitational force of one body on another will be ____
times stronger at two meters than at six meters apart.
a. 2
b. 3
c. 4
d. 9
e. 10
ANSWER: d
26. Perigee is the point in ____.

a. the Moon's orbit when the Moon is farthest from Earth
b. an object's orbit around Earth when the object is closest to Earth
c. an object’s orbit around Earth when the object is closest to the Sun
d. a planet's orbit when the planet is closest to its sun
e. a planet's orbit when the planet is farthest from its sun
ANSWER: b
27. A comet near the Sun whose orbit is ____ would never be near the Sun again.
a. apogee
b. circular
c. elliptical
d. hyperbolic
e. radial
ANSWER: d
28. Newtonian physics tells us that Kepler's second law is a result of the conservation of ____.
a. angular momentum
b. linear acceleration
c. energy
d. mass
e. velocity
ANSWER: a
29. A(n) ____ orbit is one where the orbiting object is always above the same location on Earth's surface.
a. closed
b. elliptical
c. geosynchronous
d. hyperbolic
e. parabolic
ANSWER: c
30. Spring tides occur ____.

a. only during spring months
b. when high tides are unusually low and low tides are unusually high
c. when high tides and low tides are unusually low
d. when high tides are unusually high and low tides are unusually low
e. simultaneously with neap tides
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 5-2 How does gravity explain tides
31. The circular velocity of a satellite orbiting Earth is given by . In this equation, M represents the ____.
a. mass of the satellite, and r its radius

b. mass of the satellite, and r the distance from Earth to the satellite
c. mass of the satellite, and r the distance from Earth's surface to the satellite
d. mass of Earth, and r the radius of Earth
e. mass of Earth, and r is the distance from Earth to the satellite
ANSWER: e
32. The apogee of a(n) ____ orbit does not exist.

a. closed
b. elliptical
c. geosynchronous
d. hyperbolic
e. parabolic
ANSWER: e
33. The radius of Earth is 6,378 km. The force of gravity on a 1 kg ball at Earth's surface is 9.8 kg m/s2. What is the force
of gravity on this same ball when the ball is located 12,756 km from Earth’s center? Hint: G = 6.67 10-11 m3/s2/kg
a. 2.45 kg m/s2
b. 4.9 kg m/s2
c. 9.8 kg m/s2
d. 19.6 kg m/s2
e. 39.2 kg m/s2
ANSWER: a
34. If the orbital velocity of the Moon is 1.0 km/s, what is the orbital velocity of a satellite that is 1/16th as far from Earth
as the Moon?
Hints: There is a long way and a short way to do this calculation.
; G = 6.67 10-11 m3/s2/kg
a. 1/16 km/s
b. 1/8 km/s
c. 4 km/s
d. 8 km/s
e. 16 km/s
ANSWER: c

35. What is the escape velocity from the Moon for a lunar landing module sitting on the Moon's surface?
Hints: ;
The mass of the Moon is 7.2 × 1022 kg; its radius is 1738 km; G = 6.67 10-11 m3/s2/kg
a. 2.3 m/s
b. 23 m/s
c. 2.3 km/s
d. 11 km/s
e. 23 km/s
ANSWER: c
OTHER: Bloom's:
36. What is the circular velocity of an object orbiting Earth at a distance of 100,000 km from Earth's center?
Hint: ; G = 6.67 10-11 m3/s2/kg
a. 0.2 m/s
b. 2 m/s
c. 20 m/s
d. 200 m/s
e. 2,000 m/s
ANSWER: e
37. Spring tides occur at ____.

a. new moon and first quarter moon
b. new moon and full moon
c. first quarter moon and third quarter moon
d. first quarter moon and full moon
e. third quarter moon and full moon
ANSWER: b
38. The equivalence principle can be best illustrated by ____.

a. a person riding in an elevator
b. a rocket coasting through space at a constant velocity

c. the change in mass of a moving body
d. the formation of energy by nuclear fusion
e. a car ride on a highway with the windows open
ANSWER: a
39. According to the theory of general relativity, gravity is caused by the ____.
a. linear motion of stars
b. change in mass of a moving body
c. curvature of space-time
d. constant speed of light
e. inertia of a moving body
ANSWER: c
40. One of the first tests of the general theory of relativity was the ____.
a. description of the orbit of the moon
b. determination of the speed of light as a constant
c. change in mass of a particle moving at a high speed
d. demonstration of a hammer and a feather falling at the same rate on the moon
e. determination of the rate of advance of the perihelion of Mercury's orbit
ANSWER: e
41. The second postulate of special relativity states that ____.

a. observers cannot detect their uniform motion except relative to other objects
b. observers cannot distinguish locally between inertial forces and uniform gravitational forces due to
acceleration and the presence of a massive body
c. the laws of physics are the same for all observers regardless of their motion as long as their speed is constant
d. the speed of light is constant and will be the same for all observers independent of their motion relative to the
light source
e. the acceleration of an object is proportional to the applied force and inversely proportional to its mass
ANSWER: d
42. Special relativity predicts that the observed mass of a moving particle depends on its ____.
a. inertia
b. curvature
c. velocity
d. force
e. true position
ANSWER: c
43. According to the inverse square law, the force due to gravity between two masses will ____.
a. increase as the distance between the two masses increases
b. decrease as the square of the distance between the two masses increases
c. cause the two masses to move away from each other
d. cause the two masses to move in a straight line
e. cause the two masses to orbit each other
ANSWER: b
44. Newton's law of gravitational force states that ____.

a. an object with no force on acting on it continues at rest or moves in uniform motion in a straight line with
constant velocity
b. an object with no force on it moves in a straight line with constant acceleration
c. for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction
d. the force between two objects is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional
to the distance between them squared
e. an object with a force on it is accelerated in the direction of the force an amount inversely proportional to its
mass and directly proportional to the size of the force
ANSWER: d
45. Which statement expresses Newton's first law of motion?

a. An object with no force on acting on it continues at rest or moves in uniform motion in a straight line with
constant velocity.
b. An object with a force on it is accelerated in the direction of the force an amount inversely proportional to its
mass and directly proportional to the size of the force.
c. For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
d. The force between two objects is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely
proportional to the distance between them squared.
e. The force between two objects is inversely proportional to the product of their masses and directly
proportional to the distance between them squared.

ANSWER: a
46. An object’s momentum is equal to its ____.

a. acceleration multiplied by its mass
b. acceleration divided by its weight
c. velocity multiplied by the gravitational constant
d. velocity multiplied by its mass
e. velocity divided by its weight
ANSWER: d
47. The first postulate of special relativity states that ____.

a. observers can always detect their uniform motion relative to other objects
b. observers can never detect their uniform motion except relative to other objects
c. the speed of light is constant regardless of location
d. the speed of light in a vacuum is constant
e. energy equals mass multiplied by the speed of light, squared
ANSWER: b
48. The importance of the general theory of relativity lies in its description of ____.
a. acceleration
b. gravity
c. mass
d. space-time
e. velocity
ANSWER: b
49. Einstein revolutionized modern physics by ____.

a. documenting the existence of gravity through experiments on objects in motion
b. proving that Galileo and Newton were fundamentally incorrect about gravity
c. explaining how specific gravity impacts the geometry of curved space-time
d. providing an explanation of gravity based on the geometry of curved space-time
e. defining the difference between violent motion and natural motion

ANSWER: d
50. The force due to the gravity between two objects depends on the ____,
a. combined mass and velocity of both objects
b. mass of each object and the distance between them
c. distance of each object from Earth and distance between them
d. speed of light and the distance of each object from Earth
e. mass of each object and the speed of light
ANSWER: b
51. As described by Kepler’s second law, an object in an elliptical orbit reaches its highest velocity when it is as at ____.
a. lowest; perigree
b. highest; apogee
c. highest; perigree
d. lowest; apogee
e. escape velocity; perigree
ANSWER: c
Figure 5-15
52. Consider the accompanying figure. Due to the curvature of space-time by the sun, light from stars that pass near the
edge of the sun will ____.
a. be bent so that the stars appear further from the edge of the sun
b. be bent so that the stars appear closer to the edge of the sun
c. be bent so that the stars are no longer visible
d. be bent so that the stars will appear intermittently
e. not be affected by the curvature of space-time

ANSWER: a
PREFACE NAME: Figure 5-15
53. What is an example of the conservation of angular momentum?

a. A volleyball player serves a ball and it follows a parabolic path.
b. A baseball player strikes the ball with the bat
c. A cross-country skier accelerates as she moves in a straight line
d. A skateboarder maintains the same velocity in the same direction
e. A diver brings his arms and legs closer to his body
ANSWER: e
54. Newton’s second law of motion is represented by ____.

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
ANSWER: e
55. Kinetic energy refers to the energy of a(n)____.

a. stationary body
b. moving body
c. moon
d. gravitational field
e. object due to its position
ANSWER: b

Matching
Match the terms below with the appropriate description or definition.

a. Natural motion
b. Inertia
c. Mass
d. Momentum
e. Inverse square law
f. Closed orbit
g. Escape velocity
h. Angular momentum
i. Special theory of relativity
j. General theory of relativity
5-2 Orbital Motion and Tides
5-3 Einstein and Relativity
ASTR.SEED.16.5-3 - How does gravity explain orbital motion?
ASTR.SEED.16.5-5 - What were Einstein’s insights about motion and gravity?
56. States that a gravitational field is a curvature of space-time caused by the presence of mass
ANSWER: j
57. A measure of an object's amount of motion

ANSWER: d
58. A measure of an object's mass along with its speed of rotation

ANSWER: h
59. The resistance of matter to changes in motion

ANSWER: b
60. Follows an elliptical path

ANSWER: f
61. Occurs without force

ANSWER: a
62. The amount of matter in a body

ANSWER: c
63. The velocity required to break free of an astronomical body

ANSWER: g
64. States that observers cannot detect their uniform motion through space through internal tests
ANSWER: i

65. States that the force of gravity is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between two masses
ANSWER: e
Completion
66. A ball is dropped from the top of a science building. After falling for three seconds, the speed of the ball would be
_______________ m/sec.
ANSWER: 29.4
67. Newton’s first law of motion was very similar to descriptions of motion proposed by _______________.
ANSWER: Galileo
68. The ______________ of the Moon’s orbit is the location at which it is farthest from Earth.
ANSWER: apogee
69. _______________ occur when tides caused by the Sun and Moon partially cancel out.
ANSWER: Neap tides
70. The _______________ states that an observer cannot distinguish locally the difference between inertial forces due to
acceleration and uniform gravitational forces due to the presence of a massive object.
ANSWER: equivalence principle
71. The term _______________ refers to a change in velocity.

ANSWER: acceleration
72. The velocity required to escape an astronomical body is known as the _______________.
ANSWER: escape velocity


73. According to __________, _______________ motion occurs when natural motion has to be sustained by a force.
ANSWER: Aristotle; violent
74. The resistance of matter to changes in motion is known as _______________.

ANSWER: inertia
75. An object in a closed orbit under the influence of an attractive force that follows the inverse square law must behave
a(n) _______________ path.
ANSWER: elliptical
Subjective Short Answer
76. How did Aristotle describe gravity and in what context?

ANSWER: Aristotle believed that objects fall downward because they are moving toward their proper
place. That is one reason why Aristotle’s universe had to be geocentric. His explanation of
gravity – why things fall down – only works if the center of Earth is also the center of the
Universe.
77. Define and distinguish among the terms speed, velocity, and acceleration.
ANSWER: Speed is the pace at which an object moves through a distance (regardless of
direction).Velocity is the pace at which an object moves through a distance, including a
specific direction. Acceleration is the rate at which an object’s velocity changes. The
distinguishing feature between speed and velocity is that speed does not include a direction,
whereas velocity specifies a direction.
78. How did Newton clarify prior laws of planetary motion?

ANSWER: Newton’s understanding of gravity allowed him to explain why the planets obey Kepler’s
laws of planetary motion. His work finished the transformation of what were once considered
the mysterious wanderings of the planets into understandable motions that follow simple

rules. In fact, his discovery of gravity explained something else that had mystified
philosophers for millennia—the ebb and flow of ocean tides.
79. Why does the circular velocity of an Earth satellite depend on the distance from Earth’s center?
ANSWER: The equation for circular velocity is as follows:
The constant G is the gravitational constant that connects units of mass to units of
gravitational force, M is the mass of the central body and r is the radius of the orbit in metes.
Thus, the distance between the satellite and Earth’s center impacts circular velocity.
80. How can tidal forces affect the rotation of celestial bodies and their orbital motion?
ANSWER: Earth rotates eastward, and friction with the ocean beds drags the tidal bulges slightly
eastward out of a direct Earth–Moon line. These tidal bulges are massive, and their
gravitational field pulls the Moon forward in its orbit. As a result, the Moon’s orbit is
growing larger by about 3.8 cm a year, an effect that astronomers can measure by bouncing
laser beams off reflectors left on the lunar surface by the Apollo astronauts.
OTHER: Bloom's: Analysis
Essay
81. Describe two experiments that provide evidence of space-time curvature by the presence of a mass.
ANSWER: Two key experiments confirmed that space-time can be curved the presence of a mass: the
advance of perihelion of Mercury’s orbit and the motion of light near the Sun.
Each time Mercury returns to perihelion, its closest point to the Sun, it is about 29 km (18 mi)
past the position predicted by Newton’s laws. This is such a small distance compared with
the planet’s diameter of 4880 km that it could never have been detected had it not been
cumulative. Each orbit, Mercury gains only 29 km, but in a century it’s ahead by over 12,000
km—more than twice its own diameter. To remedy this difference, he first calculated how
much the Sun’s mass curves space-time in the region of Mercury’s orbit and then he
calculated how Mercury moves through the space-time. The theory predicted that the curved
space-time should cause Mercury’s orbit to advance by 43.03 arc seconds per century, well
within the range of uncertainty in the observed excess. His theory matched Newton’s
observations.
A second test of general relativity was related to the motion of light through the curved
space-time near the Sun. Because light has a limited speed, Newton’s laws predict that the
gravity of an object should slightly bend the paths of light beams passing nearby. The
equations of general relativity indicated that light should have an extra deflection caused by
traveling through curved space-time, just as a rolling golf ball is deflected by undulations in a
putting green. Einstein predicted that starlight grazing the Sun’s surface would be deflected
by 1.75 arc seconds, twice the deflection that Newton’s law of gravity would predict.
Starlight passing near the Sun is normally lost in the Sun’s glare, but during a total solar
eclipse, stars beyond the Sun can be seen. During the next solar eclipse, measurements were
taken and they matched his predictions.
82. Explain why the term acceleration is important to the first postulate of special relativity.
ANSWER: The first postulate states that the laws of physics are the same for all observers, no matter
what their motion, so long as they are not accelerated. The word accelerated is important. If
either spaceship were to fire its rockets, then its velocity would change. The crew of that ship
would know it because they would feel the acceleration pressing them into their couches.
Accelerated motion, therefore, is different—the pilots of the spaceships can always tell which
ship is accelerating and which is not. The postulates of relativity discussed here apply only to
the special case of observers in uniform motion, which means unaccelerated motion. That is
why the theory is called the special theory of relativity.
OTHER: Bloom's: Analysis
83. How does gravity explain the presence of the tides we experience on Earth?
ANSWER: Tides are caused by small differences in gravitational forces. For example, Earth’s gravity
attracts your body downward with a force equal to your weight. The Moon is less massive
and more distant, so it attracts your body with a force that is a tiny percent of your weight.
You don’t notice that little force, but Earth’s oceans respond visibly.
84. Explain why the spring and neap tides occur periodically.
ANSWER: Gravity is universal, so the Sun also produces tides on Earth. The Sun is 27 million times
more massive than the Moon, but it lies almost 400 times farther from Earth. Tides on Earth
caused by the Sun are less than half as high as those caused by the Moon. Twice a month, at
new moon and at full moon, the Moon and Sun produce tidal bulges that add together and
produce extreme tidal changes: At those moon phases, high tides are exceptionally high, and
low tides are exceptionally low. Such tides are called spring tides. Here the word spring does
not refer to the season of the year but to the rapid rising up of water. At first- and third-
quarter moons, the Sun and Moon pull at right angles to each other, and the tides caused by
the Sun partly cancel out the tides caused by the Moon. These less extreme tides are called
neap tides, and they do not rise very high or fall very low.
85. How did Newton’s Principia impact science?

ANSWER: After the Principia was published, physicists and astronomers understood that the motions of
celestial bodies are governed by simple, universal rules that describe the motions of

everything from orbiting planets to falling apples. Suddenly the Universe was understandable
in simple terms, and astronomers could accurately predict future planetary motions.
The Principia also changed science in general. The works of Copernicus and Kepler had
been mathematical, but no book before the Principia had so clearly demonstrated the power
of mathematics as a language of precision. Newton’s arguments in his book were such
powerful illustrations of the quantitative study of nature that scientists around the world
adopted mathematics as their most powerful tool.
Finally, the Principia changed the way people thought about nature. Newton showed that the
rules that govern the Universe are simple. Particles move according to just three laws of
motion, and attract each other with a force called gravity. These motions are predictable, and
that makes the Universe seem like a vast machine, but one whose operations are based on a
few simple rules. The Universe is complex only in that it contains a vast number of particles.
In Newton’s view, if he knew the location and motion of every particle in the Universe, he
could, in principle, derive the past and future of the Universe in every detail. This idea of
mechanical determinism has been modified by modern quantum mechanics (laws that govern
behavior of particles inside atoms), but it dominated science for more than two centuries.
During those years, scientists thought of nature primarily as a beautiful clockwork that would
be perfectly predictable if they knew how all the gears meshed.

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Chapter 05 - Gravity

Solar System 9th Edition Seeds Test Bank

Test Bank: https://testbankpack.com/p/test-bank-for-solar-system-9th-edition-

Solution Manual: https://testbankpack.com/p/solution-manual-for-solar-

1. Newton’s first law of motion is essentially a restatement of Galileo’s law of inertia.

3. Galileo believed that motion stops in the absence of a force.

16. According to Aristotle, an object with no forces acting on it will ____.

19. According to Aristotle, which scenario illustrates violent motion?

d. A person pushing a car along the street

20. Galileo determined that ____.

21. Mutual gravitation is ____.

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 5

d. always closer to the less massive of the two objects

26. Perigee is the point in ____.

30. Spring tides occur ____.

a. mass of the satellite, and r its radius

32. The apogee of a(n) ____ orbit does not exist.

; G = 6.67 10-11 m3/s2/kg

REFERENCES: 5-2 Orbital Motion and Tides

Hint: ; G = 6.67 10-11 m3/s2/kg

37. Spring tides occur at ____.

38. The equivalence principle can be best illustrated by ____.

b. a rocket coasting through space at a constant velocity

41. The second postulate of special relativity states that ____.

44. Newton's law of gravitational force states that ____.

45. Which statement expresses Newton's first law of motion?

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 11

46. An object’s momentum is equal to its ____.

47. The first postulate of special relativity states that ____.

49. Einstein revolutionized modern physics by ____.

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 12

e. not be affected by the curvature of space-time

53. What is an example of the conservation of angular momentum?

54. Newton’s second law of motion is represented by ____.

55. Kinetic energy refers to the energy of a(n)____.

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 14

Match the terms below with the appropriate description or definition.

57. A measure of an object's amount of motion

58. A measure of an object's mass along with its speed of rotation

59. The resistance of matter to changes in motion

60. Follows an elliptical path

61. Occurs without force

62. The amount of matter in a body

63. The velocity required to break free of an astronomical body

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 15

71. The term _______________ refers to a change in velocity.

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LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ASTR.SEED.16.5-3 - How does gravity explain orbital motion?

74. The resistance of matter to changes in motion is known as _______________.

Subjective Short Answer

76. How did Aristotle describe gravity and in what context?

78. How did Newton clarify prior laws of planetary motion?

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85. How did Newton’s Principia impact science?

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