Nutrition Concepts and Controversies 14th Edition Sizer Test Bank Download

Chapter 06 - THE PROTEINS AND AMINO ACIDS
Solution Manual for Nutrition Concepts and Controversies 14th

Edition Sizer Whitney 1305627997 9781305627994
Full download link at:
Solution manual: https://testbankpack.com/p/solution-manual-for-nutrition-concepts-and-
controversies-14th-edition-sizer-whitney-1305627997-9781305627994/
Test bank: https://testbankpack.com/p/test-bank-for-nutrition-concepts-and-controversies-14th-
edition-sizer-whitney-1305627997-9781305627994/
True / False
1. Sickle-cell disease is an example of an inherited variation in the amino acid sequence.

a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: The Structure of Proteins
QUESTION TYPE: True / False
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: NUCC.SIZR.17.6.1 - Discuss the nature of proteins and amino acids.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand
DATE CREATED: 12/29/2015 4:19 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 1/4/2016 6:45 AM
2. For the majority of exercisers, adding excess protein or amino acid supplements to an adequate diet will stimulate
muscle building.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
3. Some foods are so high in acid that they are capable of making the acid in the stomach even stronger.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Digestion and Absorption  of Dietary Protein
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1


LEARNING OBJECTIVES: NUCC.SIZR.17.6.2 - Explain the processes of protein digestion and absorption of amino
acids.
4. Pre-digested proteins are easy to digest and can relieve the digestive system from overworking.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
acids.
5. When a person ingests a large dose of any single amino acid, absorption of others of its type may be limited.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
acids.
6. If needed, protein can help to maintain a steady blood glucose level and so meet the glucose needs of the brain.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: The Importance of Protein
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: NUCC.SIZR.17.6.3 - Discuss the roles of proteins and amino acids in the body.

7. Without critical essential amino acids to perform their roles, many of the body’s life-sustaining activities would come
to a halt.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Protein Deficiency and Excess
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: NUCC.SIZR.17.6.5 - Discuss the potential health problems from an eating plan that is too
low or too high in protein.
8. Overconsumption of protein-rich foods offers no benefits and may pose health risks, particularly for weakened kidneys.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
9. Each amino acid has its own distinctive chemical side chain attached to the center carbon of the backbone.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1

10. The body is able to make all of the 20 amino acids needed from fragments derived from carbohydrate and fat.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
11. Antibodies are large proteins in the blood that are effective in helping to destroy invading foreign particles.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
12. Growing children are in negative nitrogen balance because they need more protein for adding blood, bone, and muscle
cells.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Food Protein: Need and Quality
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: NUCC.SIZR.17.6.4 - List the factors that determine the daily protein needs of an individual.
13. Legumes are a good source of protein, many B vitamins, iron, and other minerals, making them exceptionally
nutritious foods.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Getting Enough but Not Too Much Protein
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: NUCC.SIZR.17.6.6 - Identify the benefits and drawbacks of protein-rich foods in the diet.
Controversy 6 True/False Items

14. Sound nutrition authorities acknowledge that well-chosen vegetarian diets are consistent with good health and can
meet nutrient needs.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Vegetarian and Meat-Containing Diets: What Are the Benefits and Pitfalls?
PREFACE NAME: Controversy T/F
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: NUCC.SIZR.17.6.7 - Compare the advantages and disadvantages of the vegetarian diet and
the meat eater’s diet.
15. Vegetarians have significantly higher rates of hypertension than the general population.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
16. The growth of well-fed vegetarian children is similar to that of their meat-eating peers.
a. True
b. False

ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
Multiple Choice
Comprehension-Level Multiple-Choice Items

17. Which of the following is found in protein but not in carbohydrate or fat?
a. calories
b. carbon
c. hydrogen
d. oxygen
e. nitrogen
ANSWER: e
POINTS: 1
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
PREFACE NAME: Comprehension-Level MC
18. Which of the following accounts for the differences among the various amino acids?
a. the presence or absence of nitrogen
b. the amine group
c. the side chain
d. the type of bonds
e. the acid group
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
19. The body normally makes tyrosine from the essential amino acid:
a. leucine.
b. lysine.
c. isoleucine.
d. valine.
e. phenylalanine.
ANSWER: e
POINTS: 1
20. A(n) ____ bond is formed between the amine group end of one amino acid and the acid group end of the next amino
acid in a protein.
a. peptide
b. sulfur
c. amino acid
d. carbon
e. denatured
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
21. Which of the following is a protein catalyst, which facilitates chemical reactions?
a. amino acid
b. enzyme
c. lipoprotein

d. hormone
e. antibody
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: The Structure of Proteins; The Importance of Protein
NUCC.SIZR.17.6.3 - Discuss the roles of proteins and amino acids in the body.
22. How many amino acids are considered to be essential amino acids?
a. 5
b. 20
c. 7
d. 13
e. 9
ANSWER: e
POINTS: 1
23. The sequences of amino acids that make up a protein molecule are specified by:
a. the diet.
b. age.
c. gender.
d. genes.
e. sex.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1

24. All of the following cause denaturation of proteins except:

a. bases.
b. heat.
c. alcohol.
d. light.
e. salts of heavy metals.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
25. For athletes, the path to bigger muscles includes

a. less protein and more carbohydrate than is recommended for non-athletes.
b. extra protein without physical work.
c. vigorous physical training.
d. well-timed meals, which directly stimulate protein synthesis.
e. small doses of protein supplements after workouts.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
26. The stomach lining is protected from the very strong acid of the stomach by:
a. peptides.
b. saliva.
c. enzymes.
d. a coat of mucus.
e. antibodies.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
acids.
27. The process of protein turnover includes:

a. excreting old amino acids that are left from cell breakdown.
b. synthesizing intestinal cells, which live for 3 to 4 months.
c. eating food sources of amino acids every day to grow new cells and replace worn-out ones.
d. preserving all old amino acids in the body to be re-circulated.
e. circulating proteins in the bloodstream to replenish peptide chains.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
28. Proteins attract water and hold it within blood vessels, preventing it from freely flowing into the spaces between the
cells. This is an example of how protein is used for:
a. building enzymes, hormones, and other compounds.
b. supporting growth and maintenance.
c. maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance.
d. maintaining pH balance.
e. building antibodies.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1

29. When amino acids are degraded for energy, their amine groups are stripped off and used elsewhere or incorporated by
the liver into:
a. urea.
b. glucose.
c. glycogen.
d. bile.
e. urine.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
30. If amino acids are oversupplied:

a. muscle tissue formation is accelerated.
b. the body converts amino acid residues to extra blood proteins.
c. they are filtered from the blood and excreted by the kidneys.
d. the body removes and excretes their amine groups.
e. the body stores them until they are needed.
ANSWER: e
POINTS: 1
31. Amino acids are “wasted” (not used to build protein or nitrogen-containing compounds) in the body whenever there is:
a. inadequate dietary sodium or potassium.
b. too much energy from dietary carbohydrate and fat.
c. too great a variety of amino acids supplied by the diet.
d. too much dietary protein.
e. adequate high-quality protein in the diet.

ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
32. The DRI for protein is determined using:

a. height.
b. activity level.
c. body size.
d. sex.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
33. The DRI Committee recommends _____ percent of total calories as the minimum amount of protein.
a. 35
b. 5
c. 15
d. 10
e. 20
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1

34. The DRI for protein for healthy adults is _____ gram(s) per kilogram of body weight.
a. 1.0
b. 1.5
c. 0.5
d. 2.0
e. 0.8
ANSWER: e
POINTS: 1
35. In making recommendations for protein intake, the committee on DRI took into consideration that the protein in a
normal diet would be:
a. a combination of animal and plant sources.
b. primarily from plant sources.
c. primarily from animal sources.
d. used with 100% efficiency by everyone.
e. used only for muscle mass.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
36. Negative nitrogen balance occurs in:

a. growing children.
b. lactating women.
c. pregnant women.
d. a surgery patient.
e. a casual exerciser.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1

37. The strategy of combining two _____ plant protein sources permits the amino acids in one food to make up for those
lacking in the other food.
a. complete
b. whole-grain
c. complementary
d. indigestible
e. high-tryptophan
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
38. Which of the following provides amino acids that are best absorbed by the body?
a. poultry
b. vegetables
c. fruits
d. legumes
e. grains
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
39. Of the following foods, which likely contains the most easily digestible protein?
a. oats
b. tuna
c. potatoes
d. peanuts
e. whole wheat
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
40. Which of the following cooking methods would you use to increase the digestibility of protein?
a. grilling
b. smoking
c. frying
d. stewing
e. baking
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
41. What is the result of a dietary protein deficiency?

a. increased synthesis of proteins
b. decreased breakdown of body protein
c. a weakened immune system
d. enhanced nutrient absorption
e. increased bone turnover
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1

42. Which statement about the role of protein in a weight-loss plan is accurate?
a. Protein should contribute 65 percent or more of the calories.
b. There is no evidence that protein helps control the appetite.
c. It is the proper proportion of nutrients that brings about long-term weight loss.
d. Meeting protein recommendations during weight loss is critical for preserving lean tissues.
e. Total energy expenditure is more important than energy intake.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
43. Which of the following is not associated with an excess of protein?

a. enlarged livers in humans
b. enlarged kidneys in animals
c. worsening of existing kidney problems
d. high-fat foods that contribute to obesity
e. increased use of amino acids for energy
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
44. Removing the grain protein gluten from the diet has been shown to:
a. resolve digestive problems in people with celiac disease.
b. help with weight loss in people trying to lose weight.

c. reduce problems with insomnia.
d. reduce cancer risk.
e. cause protein deficiency.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
45. Which of the following food categories contribute an abundance of high-quality protein?
a. vegetables and fruits
b. milk and fruits
c. meat alone; other categories provide low-quality protein
d. grains and vegetables
e. milk and meat
ANSWER: e
POINTS: 1
46. An overemphasis on protein-rich foods can lead to:

a. a low intake of iron.
b. a low intake of vitamin B12.
c. an excessive intake of vitamin C.
d. a low intake of all vitamins.
e. a low intake of folate.
ANSWER: e
POINTS: 1

47. The more animal protein you eat, the higher your intake of _____.
a. vitamin B12
b. vitamin A
c. folate
d. vitamin C
e. serotonin
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
48. Which of the following food groups does not provide significant protein?
a. fruits
b. grains
c. vegetables
d. milk, yogurt, and cheese
e. legumes
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
Application-Level Multiple-Choice Items

49. Humans need to eat protein-containing foods regularly because:
a. we need essential amino acids that can only be provided by foods.

b. our bodies cannot make any amino acids needed for proteins.
c. the function of protein is to maintain our muscle strength.
d. protein is broken down quickly during digestion and lost from the body.
e. protein is a good source of the essential nutrients iron, zinc, and B12.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
PREFACE NAME: Application-Level MC
50. The recycling system for amino acids in the body is primarily used to:
a. provide fuel for the cells to spare glucose.
b. convert nonessential amino acids into essential amino acids.
c. provide the cells with materials to build body proteins.
d. add protein to muscles when there is a shortage of energy from foods.
e. produce immune proteins.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
51. Why should eggs be cooked, rather than eaten raw?

a. Raw egg proteins provide excessive amounts of the mineral iron.
b. Raw egg proteins speed up protein digestion.
c. Raw egg proteins cannot be denatured in the human body.
d. Raw egg proteins are completely indigestible.
e. Raw egg proteins bind the B vitamin biotin.
ANSWER: e
POINTS: 1


52. Tim, who lost a large amount of weight during an illness, is thinking about taking amino acid supplements to help him
regain muscle mass. What advice would you give him?
a. Amino acid supplements are an excellent way to quickly provide energy to muscles for rebuilding.
b. Taking amino acid supplements helps keep the digestive system from overworking while you recover from
illness.
c. Extra carbohydrate, but never extra protein, is needed for recovery.
d. He should also do plenty of exercise to promote muscle regain.
e. Whole protein is better handled by the digestive system and will better promote recovery.
ANSWER: e
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Digestion and Absorption  of Dietary Protein; The Importance of Protein
acids.
53. When considering the digestion and absorption of proteins, it is important to know that:
a. proteins are broken down into individual amino acids and absorbed by all intestinal cell absorption sites at an
equal rate.
b. larger peptide molecules must be completely broken down into amino acids to be absorbed into the
bloodstream from the intestine.
c. cells in the small intestine absorb different types of amino acids at separate absorption sites, which causes
competition by similar amino acids at these absorption sites.
d. amino acids need a carrier in the bloodstream because they do not transport very well alone.
e. protein digestion and absorption requires simultaneous ingestion of some form of carbohydrate.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
acids.
54. A child suffering from protein deficiency develops edema. This is an example of protein’s role in:
a. supporting growth and maintenance.
b. building enzymes and hormones.
c. maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance.
d. maintaining acid-base balance.
e. maintaining pH balance.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
55. Certain proteins act as buffers in the blood. In this role they are responsible for:
a. providing immunity from foreign substances that invade the body.
b. making sure that sodium is transported outside the cells.
c. ensuring that too much fluid in the cells doesn’t cause edema.
d. picking up and releasing hydrogens in the blood to balance its pH.
e. ensuring that blood glucose is maintained within a specific range.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
56. Proteins use the process of active transport to move substances into or out of the cell by:
a. opening passages in the membrane and escorting substances into the cell.
b. attaching to minerals to carry them throughout the bloodstream.
c. decreasing the water content in cells to get rid of excess acid or base levels.
d. sending antibodies to cells to carry excess proteins out to where they are needed.
e. binding to insoluble molecules and moving them through osmosis.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1

57. An athlete consumes large amounts of meat in an effort to build extra muscle tissue. This practice does not work
because:
a. the body has only a limited capacity to store extra amino acids.
b. the body will dismantle its tissue proteins in this situation.
c. meat does not provide sufficient amino acids to build muscle tissue.
d. a diet high in protein does not provide enough total energy to support growth.
e. the body uses excess amino acids as fuel or stores them as fat.
ANSWER: e
POINTS: 1
58. In times of energy shortage due to inadequate carbohydrates or fats in foods, the body uses protein in what way?
a. decreases the breakdown of food proteins for energy and uses stored glycogen
b. stores amino acids in the cells to be used later for energy
c. removes the nitrogen portion and uses the remaining fragments for energy
d. converts it to fat to provide more concentrated energy
e. strips off its acid groups so that they can be used elsewhere for energy
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1

59. A young man has said to you that he is eating much more protein in his diet than the recommendation but he feels he
needs the extra amount just in case he wants to build more muscle mass in the near future. How would you respond to
him?
a. It should be fine because the cells will store the extra amino acids for future use.
b. If he has excess calories in his diet, he may gain fat weight from converted protein.
c. The extra protein will be used for fuel instead of the carbohydrate.
d. The body won’t digest the extra protein and it will be eliminated in feces.
e. The excess amino acids can only be stored for up to 48 hours.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
60. Which of the following statements is true?

a. Athletes may need slightly more protein than other healthy adults.
b. Athletes should consume protein supplements to build muscle.
c. Dieters should take protein supplements to spare body protein.
d. Infants and children need the same amount of protein as adults on a per-kilogram basis.
e. Protein recommendations are based strictly on age and gender.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
61. Which of the following would have the highest protein DRI per unit of body weight?
a. a 28-year-old woman
b. a 6-year-old child
c. a 40-year-old male
d. a 34-year-old woman
e. a 28-year-old male
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1


62. What is the DRI for protein for a 40-year-old male who is 6'4" tall and weighs 180 pounds?
a. 34 grams
b. 49 grams
c. 65 grams
d. 144 grams
e. 180 grams
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
63. A sedentary male college student aged 23 needs how much protein if he weighs 175 pounds?
a. 46 grams/day
b. 64 grams/day
c. 86 grams/day
d. 140 grams/day
e. 175 grams/day
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
64. A 135-pound woman who is 38 years old needs how much protein?
a. 49 grams/day
b. 56 grams/day
c. 86 grams/day
d. 110 grams/day
e. 135 grams/day
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
65. A 10-year-old boy is going through a growth spurt. Because he needs to build new muscle tissue, what should his
nitrogen status be?
a. positive nitrogen balance
b. negative nitrogen balance
c. nitrogen equilibrium
d. nitrogen deficiency
e. nitrogen excess
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
66. Cells will do all of the following to create their own working proteins from available amino acids except:
a. synthesize nonessential amino acids that are missing for the protein that is being made.
b. obtain amino acids that are available in the cell’s amino acid pool.
c. slow down protein synthesis until enough of the limiting amino acid is available again.
d. hold partially completed proteins until the diet provides the missing amino acids.
e. break down their internal proteins to liberate the needed amino acids.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1

67. An adolescent girl has decided to adhere to a vegetarian diet and has selected a tossed green salad, whole-wheat
crackers, and apple juice for lunch. What would you advise her about her complementary protein sources?
a. She has made good choices of complementary protein foods.
b. Adding garbanzo beans to her salad would provide the protein combination she needs.
c. She has to include milk or cheese with her meal or there will not be enough protein.
d. Adding rice to her meal will provide the necessary amino acids.
e. She should not be following a vegetarian diet because it is not nutritionally adequate.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
68. The best way to ensure adequate absorption of dietary iron when consuming soy products is to:
a. include leafy greens because the iron they contain is absorbed readily.
b. avoid dried fruits because they interfere with iron absorption.
c. include vitamin C-rich foods because they enhance absorption of iron.
d. consume three times the amount of iron recommended for meat eaters.
e. include eggs and cheese at least three times a week as an iron supplement.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
Controversy 6 Multiple-Choice Items

69. Your mother is considering changing her diet to include only non-meat proteins to reduce her risk of developing heart
disease or cancer. What evidence is available to support her decision?
a. Vegetarian diets contain greater amounts of heart-protective omega-3 fatty acids.
b. Plant-based diets are usually lower in saturated fat and higher in fiber, which reduces risk of heart disease.
c. Substituting soy for meat proteins has resulted in a large decrease in heart disease risk.
d. Lung cancer never develops in people eating plant-based diets.
e. Intakes of fruit and vegetables decrease when meat consumption decreases.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
PREFACE NAME: Controversy MC
70. Which of the following is a health benefit of a vegetarian diet?

a. Eating small amounts of soy protein can contribute to a major decline in LDL cholesterol.
b. Even though vegetarians may eat cheese, sour cream, and butter in their diets, their blood lipids do not reflect
it.
c. Lacto-ovo vegetarians have a lower rate of cancer than fish but not meat eaters.
d. Vegetarians tend to have lower blood pressure than nonvegetarians.
e. A vegetarian diet correlates with increased energy intake and increased obesity.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
71. Compared to meat eaters, vegetarians tend to have:

a. higher death rates from heart disease.
b. lower intakes of phytochemicals.
c. higher blood pressure.
d. lower intakes of nuts and fruits.
e. healthier body weights.
ANSWER: e
POINTS: 1
72. A woman who is on a vegan diet has become pregnant. What would be a health concern for her?
a. She will need to increase her intake of soy products and seaweed to receive adequate B12.
b. She may have difficulty gaining adequate weight during her pregnancy.
c. She may have too high an iron intake because of the high iron levels in plant foods.
d. Her diet will most likely be deficient in omega-6 fatty acids.
e. She may enter pregnancy overweight and deficient in vitamin C and folate.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
73. Which statement is true of a vegan diet?

a. Very young children may not consume enough plant sources of protein to build and maintain bone and muscle
tissue.
b. A vegan woman always has excellent stores of nutrients needed for pregnancy.
c. Research shows that vegan diets promote normal growth in children.
d. Vegan children’s daily protein requirement is less than meat-eating children’s.
e. Child-sized vegan servings are larger than adult-sized vegan servings.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1


74. Poorly-planned vegetarian diets typically lack all of the following except:
a. calcium.
b. vitamin B12.
c. zinc.
d. folate.
e. iron.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
75. Including which of the following foods in a vegan child’s diet helps to ensure adequate growth and bone
development?
a. soy milk for iron
b. dark green vegetables for omega-3 fatty acids
c. raisins for calcium
d. whole grains for zinc
e. marine algae oil for vitamin B12
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
Essay
76. Explain how proteins help to regulate the quantity of fluids in the compartments of the body to maintain fluid and
electrolyte balance.
ANSWER: Proteins help to maintain the fluid and electrolyte balance by regulating the quantity of fluids
in the compartments of the body. To remain alive, cells must contain a constant amount of
fluid. Too much can cause them to rupture; too little makes them unable to function.
Although water can diffuse freely into and out of cells, proteins cannot, and proteins attract
water. By maintaining stores of internal proteins and also of some minerals, cells retain the
fluid they need. By the same mechanism, fluid is kept inside the blood vessels by proteins too
large to move freely across the capillary walls. The proteins attract water and hold it within
the vessels, preventing it from freely flowing into the spaces between the cells. Should any
part of this system begin to fail, too much fluid will soon collect in the spaces between the
cells of tissues, causing edema. Not only is the quantity of the body fluids vital to life but so
also is their composition. Transport proteins in the membranes of cells also help to maintain
this composition by continuously transferring substances into and out of cells. For example,
sodium is concentrated outside the cells, and potassium is concentrated inside. A disturbance
of this balance can impair the action of the heart, lungs, and brain, triggering a major medical
emergency. Cell proteins avert such a disaster by holding fluids and electrolytes in their
proper chambers.
POINTS: 1
QUESTION TYPE: Essay
77. Describe what happens when amino acids are oversupplied in the diet.
ANSWER: When amino acids are oversupplied, the body cannot store them. It has no choice but to
remove and excrete their amine groups and then use the residues in one of three ways: to
meet immediate energy needs, to make glucose for storage as glycogen, or to make fat for
energy storage. The body readily converts amino acids to glucose. The body also possesses
enzymes to convert amino acids into fatty acids. An indirect contribution of amino acids to
fat stores also exists— the body speeds up its use of excess amino acids for fuel, burning
them instead of fat, making fat more abundantly available for storage in the fat tissue.
POINTS: 1
78. Discuss consequences of protein deficiency.

ANSWER: When diets lack sufficient protein from food or sufficient amounts of any of the essential
amino acids, symptoms of malnutrition become evident. In protein deficiency, when the diet
supplies too little protein or lacks a specific essential amino acid relative to the others (a
limiting amino acid), the body slows its synthesis of proteins while increasing its breakdown
of body tissue protein to liberate the amino acids it needs to build other proteins of critical
importance. Without these critical proteins to perform their roles, many of the body’s life-
sustaining activities would come to a halt. The most recognizable consequences of protein
deficiency include slow growth in children, impaired brain and kidney functions, weakened
immune defenses, and impaired nutrient absorption from the digestive tract. In clinical
settings, the term protein-energy malnutrition has been used to describe the condition that
develops when the diet delivers too little protein, too little energy, or both. However, such
malnutrition reflects insufficient food intake, with not only too little protein and energy but
also too few vitamins, too few minerals, and, in fact, too little of most of the nutrients needed
for health and growth.
POINTS: 1
79. Describe the relationship between vegetarian diets and risks of colon cancer.
ANSWER: Evidence suggests that high intakes of red meats, such as beef, lamb, and pork, and processed
meats, such as lunchmeats and hot dogs, may raise the risks of colon and rectal cancer, and
that vegetarian diets, particularly those that include fish, reduce them. In a study of over
60,000 people in the United Kingdom, those who ate fish or vegetables but not red meats had
the lowest overall cancer rates—a finding that agrees with other studies. Other researchers,
however, report no difference in cancer risks. Such conflicts may stem partly from wide
variations in eating patterns within groups—some meat eaters also love legumes, fish, and
vegetables and eat them often, while some vegetarians may base their diets on fried foods,
refined grains, cheeses, sweets, and daily alcohol. More research is needed before
conclusions about diet components and cancers may be drawn.
POINTS: 1

Nutrition Concepts and Controversies 14th Edition Sizer Test Bank Download

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Nutrition Concepts and Controversies 14th Edition Sizer Test Bank Download

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Chapter 06 - THE PROTEINS AND AMINO ACIDS

Solution Manual for Nutrition Concepts and Controversies 14th

1. Sickle-cell disease is an example of an inherited variation in the amino acid sequence.

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1

HAS VARIABLES: False

DATE CREATED: 12/29/2015 4:28 AM

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 3

Controversy 6 True/False Items

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 5

Comprehension-Level Multiple-Choice Items

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 7

KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand

24. All of the following cause denaturation of proteins except:

25. For athletes, the path to bigger muscles includes

27. The process of protein turnover includes:

DATE CREATED: 12/29/2015 5:29 AM

30. If amino acids are oversupplied:

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 11

32. The DRI for protein is determined using:

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 12

36. Negative nitrogen balance occurs in:

QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice

41. What is the result of a dietary protein deficiency?

PREFACE NAME: Comprehension-Level MC

43. Which of the following is not associated with an excess of protein?

b. help with weight loss in people trying to lose weight.

46. An overemphasis on protein-rich foods can lead to:

PREFACE NAME: Comprehension-Level MC

Application-Level Multiple-Choice Items

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 18

51. Why should eggs be cooked, rather than eaten raw?

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 19

PREFACE NAME: Application-Level MC

DATE MODIFIED: 1/4/2016 6:45 AM

REFERENCES: The Importance of Protein

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 22

60. Which of the following statements is true?

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 23

REFERENCES: Food Protein: Need and Quality

HAS VARIABLES: False

Controversy 6 Multiple-Choice Items

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 26

70. Which of the following is a health benefit of a vegetarian diet?

71. Compared to meat eaters, vegetarians tend to have:

73. Which statement is true of a vegan diet?

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 28

KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand

78. Discuss consequences of protein deficiency.

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 31

You might also like