Phosphoric Acid

Effective date: June 1, 2023.

First edition approved by Board of Directors Jan. 16, 2016.
This edition approved Jan. 12, 2023.
Approved by American National Standards Institute Jan.31, 2023.

�\ STANDARD
American Water Works
Association
'\\. I Since 1881
AWWA Standard
This document is an American Water Works Association (AWWA) standard. It is not a specification. AWWA standards
describe minimum requirements and do not contain all of the engineering and administrative information normally
contained in specifications. The AWWA standards usually contain options that must be evaluated by the user of the
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any product. The use of AWWA standards is entirely voluntary. This standard does not supersede or take precedence
over or displace any applicable law, regulation, or codes of any governmental authority. AWWA standards are intended
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revises or withdraws this standard, an official notice of action will be placed in the Official Notice section of journal AWWA.
The action becomes effective on the first day of the month following the month ofjournal AWWA. publication of the official
notice.

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CAUTION NoT1cE: The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) approval date on the front cover of this standard indicates
completion of the ANSI approval process. This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time.
ANSI procedures require that action be taken to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard no later than five years from
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©
reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means,
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ISBN-13, print 978-1-64717-133-9 ISBN-13, electronic: 978-1-61300-664-1

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12999/AWWA.BS07.23

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ii
 Committee Personnel

The AWWA Standards Committee on Scale and Corrosion-Control Chemicals, which reviewed
and approved this standard, had the following personnel at the time of approval:

Milton D. Larsen, Chair

General Interest Members

N. Edman (liaison, nonvoting), Standards Group Liaison, AWWA, Denver, Colo.

M.D. Larsen, Kennedy Jenks Consultants, Gig Harbor, Wash.
N.E. McTigue, Cornwell Engineering Group, Newport News, Va.
D. Orozco, Safety Harbor, Fla.
R.D. Vaidya, Woodard & Curran, Lakeland, Fla.

Producer Members

H.T. Belcher Jr., Corrtrac Systems Corporation, Currituck, N.C.

D. Linville, Aqua Smart, Inc., Atlanta, Ga.
C.P. Principi, Cams Corporation, Belmont, N.C.

User Members

D.M. LaFalam, Town of Lincoln, Lincoln, Mass.

R.M. Powell, Pinellas County Utilities Laboratory, Spring Hill, Fla.

iii
This page intentionally blank.
 Contents
All AWWA standards follow the general format indicated subsequently. Some variations from this
format may be found in a particular standard.

SEC. PAGE SEC. PAGE

Foreword 2 References ...................................... 2

I Introduction ................................... vii
3 Definitions ..................................... 2
I.A Background..................................... vu
4 Requirements
I.B History............................................ viii
4.1 Materials ......................................... 3
I. C Acceptance ...................................... ix
4.2 Chemical Requirements .................. 3
II Special Issues................................... x
4.3 Impurities........................................ 3
II.A Storage and Handling Precautions... x
11.B Wastewater Discharge...................... xu 5 Verification

III Use of This Standard ....................... xu 5.1 Sampling ......................................... 4

III.A Purchaser Options and 5.2 Test Procedures................................ 5
Alternatives ...... .................. ....... xii 5.3 Notice of Nonconformance ............. 6
III.B Modification to Standard ................ xiii
6 Delivery
IV Major Revisions............................... xiii
6.1 Marking.......................................... 6
V Comments ...................................... xiii
6.2 Packaging and Shipping .................. 7

Standard 6.3 Affidavit of Compliance or Certified

Analysis..................................... 8
1 General

1.1 Scope............................................... 1
Table
1.2 Purpose ........................................... 1
1 Sample Size Determination for
1.3 Application...................................... 1 Orthophosphate Analysis .......... 5

v
This page intentionally blank.
 Foreword
This foreword is for information only and is not a part of ANSIIAWWA B507.

I. Introduction.

I.A. Background. Phosphate chemicals are among the few recognized chemical
substances that can be safely and effectively used as a corrosion inhibitor in potable
water. Several forms of phosphate inhibitors are available, one of which is phosphoric
acid (H3P04, ortho-phosphoric acid, white phosphoric acid). Commercial- or
Technical-grade phosphoric acid is a manufactured product principally obtained by the
addition of sulfuric acid to phosphate rock that is mostly mined in Florida, Tennessee,
and the West in the United States. Food-grade phosphoric acid is generally produced
by the electric-furnace method.
The reaction:

3CaS04
Phosphate Rock + Sulfuric Acid � Phosphoric Acid + Gypsum

This typically produces a phosphoric acid concentration in the range of 28-

32 percent with a pH of less than 1.5. Gypsum (CaS04) is precipitated and removed
from solution leaving phosphoric acid, which has the molecular structure:

0
HO II
---....._P -- OH
HO----

Pure anhydrous phosphoric acid is a white solid that melts at 42.35°C (108.23°F)
to form a viscous liquid. The phosphoric acid concentration can either be diluted to
10 percent or less or concentrated by evaporation to concentrations that generally
range from 35 to 75 percent, up to 85 percent. The normal application concentration
of phosphoric acid is 50 to 75 percent by weight in water.
Currently, there are over 25 chemical manufacturers and suppliers of phosphoric
acid that have certification under NSF*/ANSit/CAN 60 Drinking Water Treatment
Chemicals-Health Effects, and it is widely available throughout North America.
Its action as a corrosion inhibitor is often the reaction with the metal on the surface
forming a metal phosphate film deposit as follows:

* NSF International, 789 North Dixboro Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105.

t American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, Fourth Floor, New York, NY 10036.

vii
 Metal Chemical Formula Mineral Name
Iron Fe3(P04)i V ivianite
Copper Cu3(P04)i 2H20
· Cupric orthophosphate
Lead Pb5(P04)} OH
· Hydroxypyromorphite

The metal phosphate film can also have calcium and/or magnesium phosphate
precipitates.
Typically, these films are not absolute barriers to corrosion but frequently can
reduce corrosion and metal release rates significantly by reducing metal solubility.
The NSF/ANSI/CAN 60-certified maximum concentrations are a function of the
phosphoric acid solution concentration.

Acid Concentration

30-35% 25-27 mg/L

50%±5% 17 mg/L
70-75% 13-14 mg/L
80-85% 12 mg/L

These maximum acid feed concentrations translate to a maximum phosphorus (P)

dosage of approximately 3 mg/L. That is the maximum concentration that is common,
and the minimum effective dose can be as low as 0. 15 mg/L P.
It is often necessary to initiate a phosphate corrosion control dosage at relatively
high concentrations (e.g., 2 to 3 mg/L as P) to form an initial passivation film in the
first month of application, then to decrease the feed in stages of about 25 percent of
the maximum in sequential stages every two weeks to a maintenance dosage more in
the order of 0.5 to 1 mg/L P.
The maintenance dosage may need to be increased during warmer water
temperatures of summer and decreased in the cooler water temperatures of winter by
as much as a 2: 1 factor.
The corrosion rate may be measured, and the phosphate dosage increased or
decreased by insertion and periodic testing of metal coupons and/or metal release.
Linear polarization probes are available for continuous real-time measurement of
corrosion rates. Adjusting inhibitor dosage rates is system specific as there is a wide
variation between corrosion rate and metal release.
I.B. History. The first edition of ANSI/AWWA B507, Standard for Phosphoric
Acid, was approved by the AWWA Board of Directors on Jan. 16, 2016. The last
edition of B507 was approved on Jan. 11, 2023. This edition of B507 was approved on
Jan. 11, 2023.

viii
 I.C. Acceptance. In May 1985, the US Environmental Protection Agency
(USEPA) entered into a cooperative agreement with a consortium led by NSF to
develop voluntary third-party consensus standards and a certification program for
direct and indirect drinking water additives. Other members of the original consortium
included the Water Research Foundation (formerly AwwaRF) and the Conference of
State Health and Environmental Managers (COSHEM). The American Water Works
Association (AWWA) and the Association of State Drinking Water Administrators
(ASDWA) joined later.
In the United States, authority to regulate products for use in, or in contact with,
drinking water rests with individual states.� Local agencies may choose to impose
requirements more stringent than those required by the state. To evaluate the health
effects of products and drinking water additives from such products, state and local
agencies may use various references, including four standards developed under the
direction of NSF: NSF/ANSI/CAN§ 60, Drinking Water Treatment Chemicals­
Health Effects; NSF/ANSI/CAN 61, Drinking Water System Components-Health
Effects; NSF/ANSI/CAN 372, Drinking Water System Components-Lead Content;
and NSF/ANSI/CAN 600, Health Effects Evaluation and Criteria for Chemicals in
Drinking Water.
Various certification organizations may be involved in certifying products in
accordance with NSF/ANSI/CAN 60. Individual states or local agencies have authority
to accept or accredit certification organizations within their jurisdictions. Accreditation
of certification organizations may vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction.
NSF/ANSI/CAN 600 (which formerly appeared in NSF/ANSI/CAN 60 & 61
as Annex A, "Toxicology Review and Evaluation Procedures") does not stipulate a
maximum allowable level (MAL) of a contaminant for substances not regulated by a
USEPA final maximum contaminant level (MCL). The MALs of an unspecified list of
"unregulated contaminants" are based on toxicity testing guidelines (noncarcinogens)
and risk characterization methodology (carcinogens). Use of NSF/ANSI/CAN 600
procedures may not always be identical, depending on the certifier.
ANSI/AWWA B507 addresses additives requirements in Sec. 4.3.2 of the standard.
The transfer of contaminants from chemicals to processed water or to residual solids is
becoming a problem of great concern. The language in Sec. 4.3.2 is a recommendation
only for direct additives used in the treatment of potable water to be certified by an
accredited certification organization in accordance with NSF/ANSI/CAN 60 Drinking

* Persons outside the United States should contact the appropriate authority having jurisdiction.
§ Standards Council of Canada, 55 Metcalfe Street, Suite 600, Ottawa, ON KIP 6L5 Canada.

ix
Water Treatment Chemicals-Health Effects. However, users of the standard may opt
to make this certification a requirement for the product. Users of this standard should
also consult the appropriate state or local agency having jurisdiction in order to
1. Determine additives requirements, including applicable standards.
2. Determine the status of certifications by all parties offering to certify products
for contact with, or treatment of, drinking water.
3. Determine current information on product certification.

II. Special Issues.

II.A. Storage and Handling Precautions. Phosphoric acid is often available from
a supplier in food-grade and technical-grade purities, both of which may be NSF/
ANSI/CAN 60-certified or equivalent for potable water use. The food-grade chemical
usually contains fewer impurities than the technical grade. Phosphoric acid should
be stored and handled as any typical acid and should be considered hazardous as a
corrosive. Protect containers from physical damage. Store in a cool, dry area in closed
containers. Refer to the safety data sheet (SDS) available from the manufacturer or
supplier for additional information.
Phosphoric acid purchased for nonpotable water application does not need to be
certified to NSF/ANSI/CAN 60 or equivalent.
The user also may wish to obtain price quotations from vendors at different acid
concentrations. There is often an advantage in hauling and storage volume costs of
utilizing higher-strength acids in the 70-75 percent range of concentration. However,
it is usually more costly for a producer to provide a more elevated acid concentration
so that it may be almost a trade-off in chemical costs.
Phosphoric acid is typically the least expensive form of phosphate inhibitor
chemical because other inhibitors, including mono- and disodium phosphate, zinc
orthophosphate, and sodium hexametaphosphate, are prepared from the chemical
reaction of heating and crystallization of phosphoric acid, which by itself is an
orthophosphate compound.
Phosphoric acid, even at a 1 percent concentration, has a pH less than 1.5 and is
a hazardous chemical that must be handled with necessary safety precautions to meet
building and fire code requirements in the United States. Refer to safety data sheets
(SDSs), available from the supplier or manufacturer, on safe handling and storage. SDS
may be replaced with globally harmonized system (GHS) of classification and labeling
of chemicals by OSHA in the United States.
There is a range of suitable storage materials for various concentrations of phosphoric
acid, which may be obtained in quantities of 5-gal, 30-gal, 55-gal, or 250-gal

x
(19-L, 133-L, 208-L, or 946-L) containers, or by bulk delivery in the range of 500 to
3,500 gal.
Suitable corrosion-resistant metals depend on acid concentration and are Type
304 or 316 stainless steel or Hastelloy C. Many plastics are also suitable for storage
to ambient temperatures to 40° C (100°F), which include polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
or polyethylene (PE). Higher temperature resistance can be provided by chlorinated
polyvinyl chloride (CPV C) or polypropylene (PP) up to 80° C (175°F). Neoprene or
V iton® elastomers are also resistant to deterioration by phosphoric acid to 175°F for
intermittent use, but to 120°F (49° C) for continuous use.
It often may be necessary to elevate the pH of water treated by phosphoric acid for
further corrosion control based on individual water chemistry and the buffer capacities
of the source and treated water. Neutralized phosphoric acid is also commercially
available and is provided at a pH of above 6. It is not classified as a hazardous chemical
nor does it require double containment, isolation, or as much ventilation. Additional
chemicals may also be required for pH control.
Phosphoric acid vapors are corrosive and toxic. Provision should be made upon
storage of this chemical to have adequate ventilation in an interior room. It often is
desirable to provide a scrubber on the vent piping with exterior discharge to avoid
excessive fumes while filling or refilling the storage tank, or when the temperature in
the storage room exceeds 20° C (70°F). Vent piping is typically sized for 1.5 times the
diameter of the fill-pipe to prevent overpressurization of the storage vessel or scrubber.
Phosphoric acid density and viscosity increase with solution concentration.

Acid Solution Concentration Density Viscosity

10% 1.033 Low
50% 1.334 Low
85% 1.685 Syrupy
100% 1.874 Almost solid

The dosage of phosphoric acid can be measured by analysis of the orthophosphate

concentration in the water. There may be some natural phosphate in the source water,
typically less than 1 mg/L, and that must be accounted for in the analysis of the
phosphate dosage.
The effectiveness of phosphoric acid for corrosion control at low concentration may
be less than some of the other phosphate inhibitors when applied at low concentration.
It may be necessary to dose two to three times or more with phosphoric acid to achieve
the same corrosion reduction results as with other phosphate inhibitors.

xi
 Phosphate corrosion inhibitors are typically effective in suppression of iron or steel
corrosion in a pH range of 7 to 8, with reduced effectiveness for stagnant conditions.
Typically, near-neutral pH is better for corrosion reduction of copper, and slightly
alkaline pH is best for lead. Their effectiveness at higher or lower pH values can be
dependent on water quality and may be more satisfactory.
11.B. Wastewater Discharge. There is substantial environmental concern
about phosphate nutrient loads that can cause eutrophication in bodies of water that
receive wastewater streams and effluent discharge, or irrigation tailwater discharges to
freshwater and estuary water. Typically, domestic wastewater phosphorus concentrations
are in the range of 5-10 mg/L. The addition of a maintenance dose of phosphate can
increase these concentrations by 10 to 20 percent. Effluent phosphate discharges to
water bodies are often regulated below 0.5 mg/L. However, phosphates are often a
benefit to reclaimed water use for irrigation or cooling. The benefits of a phosphate for
corrosion control should be evaluated to consider effectiveness and costs of phosphate
treatment.

III. Use of This Standard. It is the responsibility of the user of an AW WA

standard to determine that the products described in that standard are suitable for use
in the particular application being considered.
III.A. Purchaser Options and Alternatives. The following information should be
provided by the purchaser:
1. Standard used-that is, ANSl/AWWA B507, Phosphoric Acid, of latest
revision.
2. Quantity and concentration of phosphoric acid required.
3. Whether compliance with NSF/ANSI/CAN 60, Drinking Water Treatment
Chemicals-Health Effects, is required.
4. Details of federal, state, provincial, territorial, and local requirements
(Section 4).
5. Type of material-liquid (Sec. 4.1).
6. Form of shipment-bulk or package and the type and size of container
(Sec. 6.2).
7. Whether alternative security measures have been adopted to replace or
augment the security measures set out in Sec. 6.2.3 and Sec. 6.2.4.
8. Whether the purchaser will reject product from containers or packaging
with missing or damaged seals. The purchaser may reject product from bulk containers
or packages with missing or damaged seals unless the purchaser's tests of representative
samples, conducted in accordance with Sec. 5.2, demonstrate that the product meets

xii
the standard. Failure to meet the standard or the absence of, or irregularities in, seals
may be sufficient cause to reject the shipment.
9. An affidavit of compliance or certified analysis, or both, if required (Sec. 6.3).
III.B. Modification to Standard. Any modification to the provisions, definitions,
or terminology in this standard must be provided by the purchaser.

IY. Major Revisions.

1. Minor boilerplate language updates in the following sections:

• I.C. Acceptance
• II.A. Storage and Handling Precautions
• III.A. Purchaser Options and Alternatives
• Section 2: References
• Section 3: Definitions
• Sections 4: Requirements
• 4.3.2 Product Certifications
• 5.3 Notice of Nonconformance
• 6.1 Marking
• 6.2 Packaging and Shipping

V. Comments. If you have any comments or questions about this standard,

please call AWWA Engineering and Technical Services at 303.794.7711 write to the
department at 6666 West Quincy Avenue, Denver, CO 80235-3098; or email at
standards@awwa.org.

xiii
xiv
 ANSl/AWWA 8507-23
(Revision of ANSl/AWWA 8507-16)

American Water Works

Association
Dedicated to the World's Most Vital Resource® AWWA Standard

..
�........________ ______

Phosphoric Acid

SECTION 1: GENERAL

Sec. 1.1 Scope

This standard describes phosphoric acid (H3P04) corrosion inhibitor in
liquid form used in the treatment of potable water, wastewater, and reclaimed
water.

Sec. 1.2 Purpose

The purpose of this standard is to provide the minimum requirements for
phosphoric acid, including physical, chemical, sampling, packaging, shipping, and
testing requirements.

Sec. 1.3 Application

This standard can be referenced in documents for purchasing and receiving
phosphoric acid and can be used as a guide for testing the physical and chemical
properties of phosphoric acid samples. The stipulations of this standard apply
when this document has been referenced and then only to phosphoric acid used in
the treatment of potable water, wastewater, and reclaimed water.
2 AWWA 8507-23

SECTION 2: REFEREN CES

This standard references the following documents. In their latest editions,

they form a part of this standard to the extent specified in this standard. In any case
of conflict, the requirements of this standard shall prevail.
APHA,* AWWA, and WEFt-Standard Methods for the Examination of
\Vtiter and \Vtistewater. Washington, D.C.: APHA.
Hach Co.- \Vtiter Analysis Handbook, Loveland, Colo.: Hach Co. www.hach.
com/wah.
NSF+/ANSl§/CAN' 60-Drinking Water Treatment Chemicals-Health
Effects.

SECTION 3: DEFIN ITION S

The following definitions shall apply in this standard:

1. Day: A day is defined as a 24-hour period.
2. Manufacturer: The party that manufacturers, fabricates, or produces
materials or products.
3. Potable water: Water that is safe and satisfactory for drinking and
cooking.
4. Purchaser: The person, company, or organization that purchases any
materials or work to be performed.
5. Reclaimed water: Wastewater that becomes suitable for beneficial use as
a result of treatment.
6. Supplier: The party that supplies materials or services. A supplier may
or may not be the manufacturer.
7. Tamper-evident packaging: Packaging having one or more indicators or
barriers to entry that, if breached or missing, can reasonably be expected to provide
visible evidence to the purchaser that tampering has occurred. The tamper-evident
features of the packaging shall be designed to, and shall, remain intact when handled
in a reasonable manner during manufacture, storage, shipment, and delivery to the

* American Public Health Association, 800 I Street, NW, Washington, DC 20001.

t Water Environment Federation, 601 Wythe Street, Alexandria, VA 22314.
* NSF International, 789 North Dixboro Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105.
§ American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, Fourth Floor, New York, NY 10036.
' Standards Council of Canada, 55 Metcalfe Street, Suite 600, Ottawa, ON KIP 6L5 Canada.
 PHOSPHORIC ACID 3

purchaser. Properly constructed, labeled, closed, and sealed containers constitute

effective forms of tamper-evident packaging.
8. Wastewater: A combination of the liquid and water-carried waste from
residences, commercial buildings, industrial plants, and institutions, together with
any groundwater, surface water, and stormwater that may be present.

SECTION 4: REQUIREMEN TS

Materials shall comply with the requirements of the Safe Drinking Water
Act and applicable federal, state, provincial, territorial, or other authoritative
regulations for potable water, wastewater, and reclaimed water systems.

Sec. 4.1 Materials

4.1.1 Liquid phosphoric acid solutions.
4.1.1.1 Description. Aqueous phosphoric acid (H3P04) solutions are
clear with no noticeable odor and are nonvolatile. Phosphoric acid solutions are
miscible with water in all proportions up to about 88 percent solution concentration.
4.1.1.2 Specific gravity. The specific gravity of the solutions will vary
depending on the concentration of H3P04. A typical 75 percent H3P04 solution
has a specific gravity of 1.58 at 20°C (68°F). The supplier or manufacturer shall
provide the specific gravity of H3P04 solutions.

Sec. 4.2 Chemical Requirements

4.2. l Liquid phosphoric acids. Because liquid phosphoric acid products
can be made in various concentrations, no specific phosphate content can be
assigned. The purchaser should define the phosphate content of the specific
product required by the supplier.
4.2.2 pH. The pH of a 1 percent by weight solution of phosphoric acid
liquid shall be less than 2. Neutralized H3P04 solutions can have a pH of about 6.

Sec. 4.3 Impurities*

4.3.1 General. The material supplied in accordance with this standard
shall contain no soluble inorganic or organic substances in quantities capable of
producing deleterious or injurious effects on the health of those consuming potable
water that has been properly treated with H3P04.

* See Sec. I.C of the foreword.

4 AWWA 8507-23

Impurities should be listed by chemical and concentration for phosphoric

acid purchased for nonpotable use.
4.3.2 Product certifications. The material is a direct additive used in the
treatment of potable water. This material should be certified as suitable for contact
with, or treatment of, drinking water by an accredited certification organization
in accordance with NSF/ANSI/CAN 60, Drinking Water Treatment Chemicals­
Health Effects. Evaluation shall be accomplished in accordance with requirements
that are no less restrictive than those listed in NSF/ANSI/CAN 60. Certification
shall be accomplished by a certification organization accredited by the American
National Standards Institute.

SECTION 5: VERIFICATION

Sec. 5.1 Sampling

5.1.1 Sampling point. Samples shall be taken at the point of destination.
Consideration should be given to requiring the supplier to collect similar
samples at the point of origin to determine product acceptability at the time of
shipping.
5.1.2 Sampling procedures.
5.1.2. l Packaged material. A mm1mum of three containers shall be
selected at random from each lot for sampling. Samples shall not be collected from
damaged or open containers. Representative aliquots of about 100 mL shall be
taken from the selected containers using a sample pump or pipette. Individual
samples shall be combined into a gross or composite 0.46-L sample, mixed, and
properly divided into three final 100-mL samples. One final sample shall be reserved
for tests, and the two remaining 100-mL samples shall be sealed and retained
for possible retesting. The three individual composite samples shall be placed in
separate clean, dry glass or polypropylene containers, which are to be sealed and
marked appropriately. Appropriate chain-of-custody forms shall accompany all
samples and shall be completed by the person collecting the sample.
5.1.2.2 Bulk material. If the material is shipped in bulk or stored in bulk,
a mechanical sampling arrangement may be used. For liquid samples, samples shall
be obtained from the top of the bulk truck or by drawing off sample from the
unloading valve after the valve has been flushed with a minimum of 2 gal (7.6 L)
of material.
 PHOSPHORIC ACID 5

Table 1 Sample size determination for orthophosphate analysis

Expected Pol- Pipette Size Volumetric Size
Concentration (mL) (ml) Dilution Factor
5%-20% 100 100
20%-40 % 200 200
250 250
40% or higher 500 500

Sec 5.2 Test Procedures

5.2. l Laboratory examination. Samples to be analyzed for phosphorus
content have a maximum holding time of 28 days. Therefore, the laboratory
examination of the samples should be completed as soon as possible after receipt of
the shipment.
It is desirable that the laboratory be certified or approved by the federal, state,
provincial, or local agency for water and wastewater analysis and that quality­
control tests and reports be submitted with the analytical results.
5.2.2 Orthophosphate (PO/-) determination.
5.2.2. l Procedure.
Accurately weigh 1.000 g of product. Transfer to a 1-L volumetric flask. Dilute
to volume with deionized water. Mix well. Pipette 1 mL of the diluted product to
the appropriate volumetric size (see Table 1) and dilute to volume with deionized
water. The resulting solution is expected to contain 0.5 to 2.0 mg/L as P043-.
Analyze using the ascorbic acid method (4500-P E*, Hach method,t or
equivalent).
5.2.2.2 Calculation.

( spec. Dt)
x x 100
Percent POl- =

Where:
Spec. Spectrophotometer value or reading converted to mg/L as
Pol-
Dj Dilution factor (or size of volumetric) from Table 1
W', Weight of sample in milligrams

* APHA, AWWA, and WEE Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. Washington, D.C.:
APHA.
t Hach Co. Water Analysis Handbook, Loveland, Colo.: Hach Co.
6 AWWA 8507-23

Example: 1.0103 g ( W',) of a 10 percent product was diluted to 1 L and a 1-mL

portion diluted to 100 mL. The spectrophotometer gave a reading of 1.01 mg/L
as Pol-.

( 1.0l x lOO) x lOO

Percent PO/- = 10.0 percent P0/-
1,0 10.3

Sec. 5.3 Notice of Nonconformance

If the phosphoric acid delivered to the purchaser does not meet the chemical,
physical, safety, or security requirements of this standard, the purchaser shall
provide a notice of nonconformance to the supplier within 10 days after receipt of
the shipment at the point of destination. The results of the purchaser's tests shall
prevail unless the supplier notifies the purchaser within 10 days after receipt of the
notice of nonconformance that a retest is desired. On receipt of the request for a
retest, the purchaser shall forward to the supplier one of the sealed samples taken
in accordance with Sec 5.1. In the event the results obtained by the supplier do
not agree with the test results obtained by the purchaser, the other sealed sample
shall be forwarded, unopened, for analysis to a referee laboratory agreed on by both
parties. The results of the referee analysis shall be accepted as final.
Material not complying with the requirements of this standard and the
purchaser's documents may be rejected. Replacement and retesting shall be
accomplished in accordance with the purchaser's documents.
Because the exact concentration of the active ingredient in specific shipments
of some materials can vary within an acceptable range (thereby conforming to the
standard), the purchase documents between purchaser and supplier should address
treatment of concentration variation.

SECTION 6: DELIVERY

Sec. 6.1 Marking*

6.1.1 Required Each shipment of phosphoric acid shall be identified
as to product, grade, net weight, name and address of manufacturer, and the

* Governmental packaging, marking, and shipping references reflect US requirements. Users of this standard outside
the United States should verify applicable local, provincial, and national regulatory requirements. Because of frequent
changes in these regulations, all parties should remain informed of possible revisions. Provisions of the purchaser's
documents should not preclude compliance with applicable regulations.
 PHOSPHORIC ACID 7

brand name. Packages or containers shall show a lot number and identification of
manufacturer. All markings on packaged, containerized, or bulk shipments shall
conform to applicable laws and regulations.
6.1.2 Optional marking. Packages may also bear the statement
"Guaranteed by (name of manufacturer) to meet the requirements of ANSI/
AWWA B507, Standard for Phosphoric Acid," provided that the requirements of
this standard are met.

Sec. 6.2 Packaging and Shipping

6.2.1 Containers. Phosphoric acid product is available in liquid form.
Liquid phosphoric acid solutions shall be shipped in 5-gal, 30-gal, 55-gal, or 250-
gal (19-L, 133-L, 208-L, or 946-L) containers, bulk tanker trailers (approximately
3,000 gal), or in other DOT-approved containers in accordance with the purchaser's
documents.
6.2.2 Package weight. The net weight of the packages shall not deviate
from the recorded weight by more than ± 1 percent. Any exception taken to the
weight of the material received shall be based on a deviation from the certified unit
weight of not less than 10 percent of the packages shipped and selected at random
from the entire shipment. However, not less than 10 nor more than 25 packages
need to be weighed.
6.2.3 Security requirements for nonbulk shipments. Packaged product shall
be stored, shipped, and delivered in tamper-evident packaging as defined in Sec. 3.7,
or an alternative method or methods may be agreed on by the manufacturer and
purchaser that provide a reasonable assurance of protection against tampering.
6.2.3.3 Alternative method. An alternative method or methods agreed on
by the manufacturer and purchaser that provide reasonable assurance of protection
against tampering.
6.2.4 Security requirements for bulk shipments. Bulk quantities of product
shall be secured by employing one of the following security measures (or a
combination of measures):
6.2.4.1 Seals. Bulk quantities of product may be sealed with a uniquely
numbered tamper-evident seal(s). The seal numbers shall be recorded and disclosed
on shipping documents such as the bill of lading. Seals shall be inspected upon
receipt of product by the purchaser and evidence of tampering or removal should
be reported to the carrier and supplier.
8 AWWA 8507-23

6.2.4.2 Chain of custody. A continuous chain of custody shall be

maintained between the manufacturer and the purchaser during storage and
shipment if so specified by the purchaser.
6.2.4.3 Alternative method. Alternative methods that provide reasonable
assurance of protection against tampering may be implemented if agreed on by the
manufacturer and purchaser.

Sec. 6.3 Affidavit of Compliance or Certified Analysis

The purchaser may require either (1) an affidavit from the manufacturer that
the material provided complies with applicable requirements of this standard or
(2) a certified analysis of the material at the time of delivery detailing the desired
items.
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