HISTORY OF THE GAME

 Basketball was started in 1891 by James Naismith in U.S.A.

 The idea behind the development of basketball was to provide a game to be played
during winter seasons.
 Initially it used to be played by five players because of limited space.
 In 1901 the game spread to china, Iran, Brazil,India and England
 In 1901 it was included in the Olympic games
 In 1932 F.I.B.A federation of international basketball association was formed.
 In 1953 basket was introduced in Kenya by Y.M.C.A.
 In 1961 the first matches were organized at Strathmore college
 In 1965 Kenya secondary schools organized basketball in national schools
 To date there is Kenya basketball federation which governs basketball in Kenya. It is
affiliated to the world body.

Equipments required in basketball

Baskets consist of backstop units consisting of:

 Backboards
 Basket comprises (pressure release) rings and nets
 Back board support structures including padding
 Basketball balls
 Game clock
 Score board
 24 seconds clock.
 Two separate and different loud sound signals.
 Score sheets
 Player foul markers
 Team foul markers
 Alternate possession arrow
 Playing floor
 Adequate lighting

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 The court

Playing court

 Shall have flat hard surface free from obstructions

 Should be 28m in length and 15 m in width
 Divided into two by centre line into back court and front court (back court consist of
team own basket and front court consist of the opponent basket)

Ball

 Spherical in shape.
 Orange in color.
 Made of leather, rubber or synthetic material.
 Not less than 74.9 cm and not more than 78 cm in circumference.

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  It shall weigh not less than 567-650 grams.
 Enough pressure
 Width of the channels of the ball shall not exceed 6.3 mm.
 Home team shall provide at least two used balls

Players and their dressing

 A team consists of twelve registered players but only five are supposed to be in the field
within a given time the others are substitutes.
 A game cannot begin if one of the teams is not on the playing court with five players
ready to play.
 They should wear shirt of the same color and must be tucked in.
 Should be numbered from 4-15 in fronts and the back. But for national federations have
the authority to approve for their competitions any other number with a maximum of 2
digits from 4-99
 The shorts and socks should be of the same color.
 Players on the same team shall not wear the same numbers.
 Teams must have two sets of uniforms
 The first team named in the program(home team) shall wear light colored shirts
(preferably white)
 Second named is the visiting team shall wear dark colored
 Not wear any equipment or object that may cause injury.
 During the game a player may not display any commercial, promotional or charitable
Name, mark, logo or identification without authority from the federation or sponsors.
 During the game any player who is bleeding or has an open wound must be substituted.
May only return once bleeding has stopped and covered.

Substitution rule

 A substitute becomes a player when he is beckoned by the official to enter the court.
 During an interval of play or time out, a substitute requests the substitution through
the scorer.
 Only a substitute has a right to request a substitution.
 Go to the scorer and request for substitution.
 Sit on the substitute chair
 Must be ready to play immediately
 Remain outside the boundary line.
 A player who has committed his five fouls or disqualified should be substituted
immediately within 30 seconds.

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  If a team delays to effect substitution it shall be charged with a time out .if it has no
time out remaining it should be charged with a technical foul for delaying the game
(charged against the coach, recorded as B)
 If a free throw shooter must be substituted because he is injured, has committed
five fouls the free throw must be attempted by his substitute

Duration of play

 An interval of 20 minutes before the game is scheduled to start

 the game is played in 4 periods of 10 min each
 Interval of 2 minutes between the first and second period (first half) and third and
fourth period (second half) and before each extra period.
 Half time interval of 15 minutes.
 1 minute time out per quarter
 5 minutes of extra time to break a tie at the end of playing time

Team playing side

 For all games the first team named in the program (home team) shall have the team
bench and its own basket on the left side of the scorer’s table facing the court. (If the
two teams agree they may inter change) the team benches or baskets.
 Team is entitled for a warm in a half in the opponents’ basket.
 Team exchange baskets during second half.
 In all extra periods the team shall continue to play towards the same basket as in the
fourth period.

Implications of markings in the field

1 Sideline and end line – for awarding a throw in

 When the ball is out of bounds
-it touches the floor outside the playing area
- Ball touches a player or any other person who is out of bounds.
- Player in possession of the ball comes into contact with the ground
outside
- Ball touches the support or back of the backboards
- touches any object above the court
 Violations (infractions of the rules that state how the ball should be played) a throw in is
awarded from out of bounds near the point of infractions e.g. double hand
dribbling,walking,failure to release the ball within five seconds.

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  Personal fouls not in the act of shooting (any physical body contact committed to an
opponent) e.g. pushing, charging, holding etc.
 After successful field goal a throw in shall be taken by non scoring team from behind
the end line.

Conditions to be observed during a throw in

 Player taking a throw in should not touch the ball for the second time before it’s
touched by another player.
 Don’t step on the line when releasing the ball.
 Throw the ball within 5 seconds.
 Don’t throw the ball over the back boards to another player in court.
 Don’t cause the ball to touch out of bounds or enter the ring before contacting a player
in court.
 Any infringement of the above rules during a throw in the ball should be given to the
opponent for a throw in from the same point

2 center line and its implications

 It divides the field into two halves (team front court and the team back court)
 Once the ball advances beyond the center line it should not be played in the back court
(back court violation).
 Once the team gains the ball from their back court they should advance it beyond the
center line within 8 seconds.
 For awarding alternate possession throw in during the start of subsequent quarters and
extra time (in line with the center line opposite the scorer’s table).
 Marks the midpoint From where a throw in is taken from after a free throw arising
from a technical foul

3 center circle

 Is for awarding a jump ball during the start of the game

A jump ball is a term used to start the game of basketball, when an official tosses the
ball between two opposing players

Rules to be observed during jump ball

 Two opponents stand with their feet inside the half of the circle near their own
basket.

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  Ball is tossed vertically to a height greater than them.
 Ball must be tapped by one or both jumpers after it reaches the highest height.
 Neither jumper shall leave his position until the ball is legally tapped.
 The ball should not be caught, touch more than twice until it touches one of the
eight non jumpers, the floor, and basket.
 Other players shall remain outside the circle until the ball is tapped.

Jump ball situations are started with alternate possession throw in (held ball) are indicated
with a pointed arrow from the scorer’s table

 Held ball (simultaneous ball possession).

 The official is in doubt as to who last touched the ball before it went out.
 When the officials disagree.
 When the ball lodges on basketball support.
 When the ball accidentally enters the basket from below.
 External interference that affects the game.

It’s taken from the nearest place from where a jump ball should have taken place and it’s taken
alternately.

4 3 point line or the D

It is a semi-circle with a radius of 6.25 meters from the center of the basket

It assists in awarding of points

 A goal/basket/point/score-is made when live ball enters the basket from above and
remains within or passes through.
 A score from outside the 3 point line counts 3 points
 A score from within the enclosed area counts 2 points
 A score from a free throw line counts 1 point.

5 Restricted area

If it’s to be painted should be painted the same color as that of the center circle

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Purpose

 A team on attack and in possession of the ball. a player of that team should not remain
in the opponent restricted area for more than 3 seconds, its violation (to prevent
players taking advantage and make easy scores)
Does not apply (not penalized)
 When the ball is in the air during a shot for a goal.
 During a rebound
 When the ball is dead
 When the team has no control of the ball
 During an inbound ball

6 No charge semi circle area

 Is a semi circle with a radius of 1.25 m measured from the point on the floor beneath
the exact centre of the basket?
 Designate a specific area for the interpretation of charge/block situations under the
basket.
 Any contact caused by an airborne offensive player with a defensive inside the no-
charge semi circle shall not be called as an offensive foul, unless the offensive player is
illegally using his hands, arms, leg or body.

7 free throw line

Assists in awarding of free throws

 When an opponent/defender commits a foul to an attacking player who is in the act of

shooting, the attacking player is given an opportunity to shoot without defense (penalty
in football) the player is given as many free throws worth the basket he would have
made e.g.
 A player attempting 3 points will be given 3 attempts
 A player attempting 2 points will be given 2 free throws
 All free throws arising from technical, unsportmanship are taken from here.

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  A score from a free throw counts 1 point
 A free throw-is an opportunity given to a player to score one point from unhindered
position behind the free throw line and inside the semi circle.

Rules to be observed by a thrower

 If it is a personal foul, the player who was fouled shall attempt the free throw
 Stand behind the free throw line inside the semi circle.
 May use any method to throw the ball as long as the ball enters the ring from above.
 Shall release the ball within five seconds.
 Shall not touch the free throw line or playing court beyond until the ball has touched the
ring.
 Shall not fake a free throw.
 Shall not touch the ball while on its way to the basket

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During a free throw

 A maximum of five players may occupy the free throw lane.

 The opponent of free throw shooter may occupy the first lane.
 Players should occupy alternate positions.

Players in lane places should observe the following

 Not occupy lane places not entitled to.

 Not enter the restricted area, neutral or leave until the ball has left the throwers hand.
 Not touch the ball while on its way to the basket, until it touches the ring.
 Not touch the basket or the back board while the ball is in contact with the ring.
 Not to disturb the free throw shooter with any action.

The other players not occupying the lanes should stand behind the free throw line extended
and outside the 3 point line until the ball strikes the ring.

During a free throw arising from a technical foul or unsportman foul the players should not
occupy the lane places and should stand behind the 3 point line.

Types of fouls

 Personal fouls is a player foul which involves physical contact with an opponent
whether the ball is in play or dead e.g. blocking,charging,holding,pushing, tripping,
guarding from the rear, hand checking, illegal screening by use of body parts like
hands,arms,shoulders,hips,knees,foot or bending
Penalty
 Booked on the score sheet
 Throw in from out of bounds
 A free throw awarded if committed in the act of shooting
 A total of five fouls will lead to disqualification.
 Double fouls –a situation where two opponents commit personal fouls against each
other at approximately the same time
Penalty
 Booked on score sheet
 Alternate possession throw in/jump ball situation
 Unsportsmanlike foul

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 -is a player contact foul which in the judgment of official is not legitimate attempt to
directly play the ball within the spirit and intent of the rules or where one causes
excessive contact (hard foul).
Penalty
 Charged against the offender
 Free throws awarded accordingly, if not in the act of shooting two free throws
shall be awarded
 Technical foul
A player non contact foul tactics or any behavior that is incompatible with the spirit of
the game e.g.
 Disrespecting the match officials.
 Using gestures or language that is likely to offend or incite the spectators
 Obstructing the player’s vision by waving hands near his eyes.
 Delaying the game by preventing a throw in from being taken
 Changing the number on the jersey without reporting to the scorers or the referee.
 Entering the court as a substitute without reporting to the scorers or being beckoned by
an official.
 Grasping the ring deliberately.
 Delaying the game deliberately by touching the ball after it passes through the basket.
 Falling down to fake a foul.

A technical foul by coach, assistant coach, substitute or a team follower is a foul –if
irrespectively communicating with or touching the officials, the commissioners, the table
officials, or the opponents.

Penalty

 By a player- a player is booked and count as one of the team fouls

 By a coach, team follower, substitute-technical foul shall be charged against the
coach and shall not count as one of the team fouls
 Two free throws shall be awarded to the opponent followed by a throw in at the
center line extended facing the officials table

6 Disqualifying foul

- Is a flagrantly unsportsmanlike behavior by a player,substitute,coach,assistant coach or

a team follower
 A player shall be disqualified when charged with two unsportsmanlike fouls
 Coach once charged with two technical foul from him
 Accumulation of five personal fouls

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  Free throws
 Leave the court or building and remain in the dressing room.

7 Team fouls

Once a team accumulates a total of four fouls in a period (personel, technical) all subsequent
personal fouls committed on a player not in the act of shooting shall be penalized by two free
throws instead of a throw in

If personal foul is committed by a member of a team in control of the ball such a foul shall be
penalized with a free throw

VIOLATIONS & FOULS IN BASKETBALL

Violations -is an infractions of the rules (that state how the ball should be played) a throw in
shall be awarded for a throw in nearest to the point of infractions.

 Ball out of bounds

 Player out of bounds (any contact with an object, floor or above or outside the
boundary line.
 Time violations – 3 sec,5 seconds,8 sec,24 sec violations
 Ball returned to back court (back court violation).
 Goaltending and interference (goaltending occurs during a shot for a goal when a
player interferes with the ball while it’s completely above the level of the ring e.g.
through touching the ball, the board or the ring.) the referee awards a score to the
attacking team. 1, 2, 3 free throw depending with score that would have been scored.
 Dribbling-is the movement of a live ball caused by a player in control of that ball who
throws,taps,rolls the ball on the floor or deliberately throws it against the backboard.
Violations
 Dribbling with both hands.(double hand dribble)
 Double dribbling.
 Carrying the ball
 Travelling-is the illegal movement of one foot or both feet beyond the limits in any
direction while holding a live ball on the playing court.

Fouls in basketball

Fouls- are an infraction of the rules concerning illegal personal contact with an
opponent/unsportsmanlike behavior.

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  Any number of fouls may be called against the team, irrespective of the penalty, each
foul shall be charged and entered on the score sheet against the offender and penalized
accordingly.

Contact/general principles

1. Cylinder principles is defined as the space within an imaginary cylinder occupied by a

player on the floor, it includes the space above the player and is limited to:
 Front by the palms of the hands
 Rear by the buttocks
 The sides by the outer edge of the arms and legs
(Hands and arms may be extended in front of the torso no further than the position of
the feet, with arms bent at the elbows so that the forearms and the hands are raised,
distance of his feet will vary according to his height.

2. Principle of verticability-this principle protects the space on the floor which he occupied
and the space above him. When he jumps vertically within that space.
3. Screening-is an attempt to delay or prevent an opponent without the ball from reaching
a desired position on the playing court its legal when stationary (inside the cylinder) and
when both feet on the floor.
Illegal screening
 Moving screen
 Not giving sufficient time when setting the screen.
 Not respecting the element of time and distance of an opponent in motion when
contact occurs.

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 4 Charging –contact with the ball or without the ball by pushing or moving into an
opponent torso.
5 Blocking-illegal personal contact which impedes the progress of an opponent with or
without the ball.

Winning and losing in basketball competition.

 a team that scores many baskets/point becomes the winner

Game lost by forfeit

A team shall lose the game by forfeit

 If 15 minutes after a scheduled starting time, the team is not present or is unable to
field 5 players ready to play.
 Its actions prevent the game from being played.
 It refuses to play after being instructed to do so by the referee
 Penalty-the game is awarded to the opponents and the score shall be 20-0.
 In a tournament the team forfeits for a second time, the team shall be disqualified from
the tournament and the results of all games played by this team shall be nullified.

Game lost by default

 A team shall lose a game by default if during the game the team has fewer than 2
players on the playing court ready to play.
 If the team to which the game is awarded is not ahead, the score shall be recorded
as 2-0 in its favour.the defaulting team shall receive 1 point.

Time and its implication in basketball

 3 seconds-once a team on attack and in possession of the ball the player of that team
should not stay in the opponent restricted area for more than 3 seconds
 5 seconds- a player who is holding the ball either closely guarded, taking a throw in or a
free throw should release the ball within 5 seconds
 8 seconds- a team that against gains the ball from their back court should cause the ball
advance to the front court within 8 seconds.

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  24 seconds-once the team gains alive ball in court they should attempt to score with 24
seconds.

Team officials

Captain

 Represent his team on the playing court

 Communicate in courteous manner with the officials during the game. But only when
the ball is dead and the game clock is stopped.
 In case of protest he should sign the score sheet
 Acts as a coach if there is no coach.

Coach

 20 minutes before the game he should forward the names of the players to the scorer
and the corresponding numbers
 Name of the team captain, the assistant coach
 Ten minutes before the game confirm the list agreement and sign the score sheet
 Indicate the 5 players to start the game.
 In case the captain leaves the field of play he should inform the officials who takes over
as a captain.
 Designate the free throw shooter of his team in all cases where the free throw shooter
is not determined by the rules.

Match officials

 Referee
 1 or 2 umpires
 Scorer
 Assistant scorer
 A timer
 24 seconds operator
 Commissioner

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 Officials’ uniform
 Officials shirt
 Long black trousers
 Black socks
 Black basketball shoes

Referees

Duties and powers of the referee

 Inspect and approve the equipments to be used during the game.

 Recognize the table officials, designate the 24 seconds operator.
 Select a game ball from at least two used balls provided by the home team or any good
 Inspect the players dressing and approve them.
 Administer jump ball to start the first period and alternate possession throws in.
 Have power to stop the game when conditions warrant it.
 Power to determine that a team shall forfeit the game.
 Examine the score sheet at the end of playing time
 Approve and sign the score sheet at the end of playing time.
 Officials’ power shall begin when they arrive on the playing court 20 minutes before the
game is scheduled to begin.
 Record on the reverse side of the score sheet before signing it if any
 Forfeit or disqualifying foul
 Unsportsmanlike behavior by player or team bench personnel that occurs
before the start of the game or interval.
 Makes the final decisions when officials disagree.
 Has power to make decision on any point not specifically covered by these rules
 Authorized to approve and use of technical equipments

Officials/umpires

Duties and power

 Power to make decisions on infractions of the rules.
 Officials shall blow their whistle when an infractions of the rules occurs, a period
ends, or officials find it necessary to stop the game (official shall not blow the
whistle for successful field goal, free throw, or when ball becomes live.

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  When deciding personal contact and violations he should be guided by the
following principles
 Spirit and intent of the rules and need to uphold integrity
 Application of the concept of advantage and disadvantage/they should
not interrupt the game unnecessarily.
 Consistency in the application of common sense bearing the ability of
players.
 Consistency in maintenance of balance between game control and
game flow

 In case of a team protest they should report the protest to the body organizing
competition within one hour.
 Each official has power to make decisions within limits of his duties but have no
authority to disregard or question decision by others.
 Decisions made by officials are final and cannot be contested or disregarded.

Scorer/assistant scorer

 Should be provided with a score sheet and shall keep a record of:
 Teams
 Entering the names and numbers of players who are to start the game and
substitutes.
 Run a summary of points scored, entering the field goals and free throws made.
 Foul charged against each player.
 Notify an official immediately when 5 fouls are charged against any player
 Time outs-notify the officials of time out opportunity when a team has
requested a time out and when no time out remaining.
 The next alternating possession by operating the arrow.
 Indicate the number fouls committed by each player by raising the marker
 Position the team foul marker on the table.
 Effect substitution and inform the officials of substitution request.
 Signal his signal only when the ball becomes dead

Assistant scorer

 Operate the score board and assist the other scorer.

Timer

 Shall be provided with a game clock and a stop watch and shall measure

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 Playing time, time outs and intervals of play.
 Ensure the game clock signal sounds very loudly and automatically at the end of
playing period.

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18
 Skills of playing basketball

Basketball is a team game based on receiving, passing ,dribbling and shooting whose aim is to
score goals.

catching
 The feet should be comfortably apart and the body weight evenly distributed
 Move towards the oncoming ball
 Arms are held out and extended towards the ball.
 Ball received into the fingers and not the palm or the heel of the hands
 Always focus on the oncoming ball
 At the moment of contact, the ball is drawn towards the body to absorb the inertia of
the ball.
 For low passes the ball is received with fingers pointing downwards. For high balls the
fingers face upwards

Passing
 When passing the ball accuracy, clear judgment and the force used are important, there
are many methods of passing the ball which include chest pass, bounce pass, overhead
pass and shoulder (baseball) pass

Chest pass

 Chest pass is best used for short, fast and accurate passes
 The ball is held with both hands, with fingers well spread behind the ball
 The elbow is bent and project outwards bringing the ball to the chest.
 The ball is pushed forwards with force from the wrists, elbows and the fingers.
 A step forward at the moment of release is important, increase the distance of the pass.
 The hands and fingers should follow through to give the ball some extra force to of
travel.
 The pass should be a quick one aimed at the receivers chest

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Bounce pass
 A short quick pass meant to avoid high interception by passing the ball under the hands
of the opponents

 Ball is held with both hands close to the chest, with fingers well spread behind the ball
 The elbows are bent and project outwards
 Eyes focus ahead rather than on the ball
 Body weight is behind and on top of the ball
 The ball is pushed from the waist downwards with force from the wrists, elbows and
fingers.
 The ball is bounced off the ground ¾ or 2/3 way to the receiver.
 The pass is received at the chest level
 A follow through with hands/fingers gives the ball some extra force of travel.
 A step forward increases the distance of the pass
 Apart from using both hands, one hand maybe used to pass the ball from the shoulder
level.

Overhead pass
 The ball is held with both hands fingers well spread behind the ball and pointing
upwards.
 Elbows are bent to draw the ball to the back of the head
 The ball is lifted high over the head and then pushed forwards with force from the
elbows and the shoulders joint
 The body weight is on the rear foot then transferred to the fore foot during release
 Clear judgment is important so that the curved path of the ball is not easily intercepted.
 Timing for the release is also important to avoid late delivery, which tends to bring the
ball downwards.
 A follow through with hands increases the force of the ball.
 A step forward is also important to cover the longer distance of pass.
 Mainly used to pass the ball over the opponents

Shoulder (base ball) pass

 Is a long straight fast pass from above the shoulder level?
 Ball is held with both hands above the shoulder level
 Fingers are well spread on the ball with throwing hand behind the ball
 After the release a strong follow through with the throwing hand and fingers pointing
towards the ground adds to the force of the ball
 A step forward adds force and distance
 Force of release comes from the elbows and shoulders

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 Shooting skills

Set shot

 The shot is made from a stationary position.

 Feet almost shoulder width apart with the foot of the throwing hand slightly ahead,
pointing towards the basket.
 Both knees are slightly bent/lowering the center of gravity of the body
 Ball held at shoulder level, in front and to the side of the throwing hand
 The elbow of the shooting hand is bent, with the forearm hand in line with the basket.
 The ball is held on the fingers of the throwing hand while the free hand provides
support to the ball
 When shooting the knees straighten, throwing arm is fully extended with the fingers
following through towards the hoop of the basket
 The set shot should be a soft one with a good arch to the basket.

videoplayback_73.FLV
Jump shot

 The shot is made while in air after taking off from the ground
 Feet are almost shoulder width apart, parallel and facing the basket.
 Ball held with both hands close to the body
 As the player jumps, the ball is taken to a position above the head.
 The elbow of the throwing hand is bent with the hand moving to the back and under the
ball. The now throwing hand rotates to the side and front of the ball for support
 The elbow and the forearm of the throwing hand must be in line with the basket
 The player sights the basket from below the ball and releases the ball at the maximum
point of his flight.
 The throwing arm is fully extended with a strong follow through with the wrist action
and fingers.
 At the completion of the shot the fingers of the throwing hand are turned downwards to
the ground
 At the time of action the body rises in a vertically and the player should land on the take
off spot

Lay up shots
 The shot is taken on the move as the player applies appropriate steps
 The basket is approached at an angle of 45 from the side of the throwing hand.

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 The ball is held with both hands to the side of the throwing hand (using fingers and
thumbs only not palm)
 A long step is taken with the leg of the throwing hand and a short step with the opposite
leg to ensure a high jump rather than a broad jump.
 The ball is carried up with both hands and placed safely on the back board by the
throwing hand slightly above the hoop (30-40 cm)
 Apart from releasing the ball from the overhead position it may be released from under
the arm in this case the palm faces the basket and the ball is tipped over the hoop
 Apart from approaching the basket at an angle of 45 degrees, it may be approached
directly from the front in this case the ball is just tipped over the hoop.

Dunk shot
 A player approaches at a high speed.
 Takes off with both legs
 Hold the ball with one of both hands.
 Push the ball in from above the above the ring

Dribbling videoplayback_78.FLV
 Act of advancing with the ball by bouncing it on the ground using either one hand or
both hands alternately
 The ball is pushed with fingers and thumbs well spread on top of it for perfect control.
The palm should never be used to stroke the ball nor should the ball be slapped or hit.
 The ball is stroked with strong force from the fingers and flick action of the wrists
 The player should master the use of both left and right hand to dribble the ball
alternately.
 Feet are comfortably apart with the foot of the dribbling hand slightly in front of the
other
 A forward body lean is maintained by slightly bending the knees this helps one to
swerve, pivot, or change direction quickly and with ease.
 Ball is bounced to moderate height neither too high nor too low.
 The dribbler should keep his hand close to the ball at all times.
 The ball is kept clear of the legs to avoid kicking it
 The ball should be slightly in front of the body and besides the leg of the dribbling hand
 The head is head up for clarity of the position of other players and the court rather than
looking at the ball.
 Always dribble the ball with the hand farthest from the opposite.

Low dribble
 Ball bounced to height between the knee and the waist at no time should the height of
the bounce go above the waist level.

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 Low body leans forwards are maintained by bending the knee low.
 Body is over the ball, with the eyes checking on the court and other players rather than
on the ball
 This technique is employed to free oneself from congested area or when the opponents
are too close.

High dribble

 Ball bounced to a height between the waist and the shoulders but never above.
 Used when speed is essential e.g. dribbling in an open space or advancing towards the
basket to score
 The body is almost upright with the knees only bending during the normal movement
 The ball is kept to the body size, slightly in front of the leg of the playing hand.

Footwork
 Correct footwork is essential in such a fast game like basketball with accurate and
careful landing, stopping, starting, swerving, pivoting or ever changing direction
 Usually a 1-2 step is employed when one receives the ball while grounded or lands with
the ball in hands respectively
The starting
 The player should start his movement with a strong determined drive from the rear foot
 The player should take short but fast steps
 The knees should be bent taking a lean forward take off.

The stopping
 The players should land with the balls of the feet with the toes pointing inwards
 Jumping into a stop should be avoided as it causes off balancing, easy monitoring by the
opponents and probably lose of the ball or premature shooting
 Knees are slightly bent to lower the center of gravity of the body.
 Maintain a straight back with the body weight on the rear foot
 The body weight should be evenly distributed for easy movement in any direction.

Pivots
 A player with the ball steps in any direction, any number of times with the same foot
while maintaining a ground contact with the other stationary foot
 The pivot foot may be turned but at no time should a player slide, drag or hop on the
pivot foot
 Used for offensive and defensive play, ball held low or away from the opponent.

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Rear pivot
 This occurs when a player lands with one foot ahead of the other. The fore foot
becomes the pivot foot as the rear foot is moved in any direction any number of times
 Used to avoid a defensive opponent who is in front of you.
 Used to free from opponents to gain a good position for shooting
 Used for offensive play by protecting the ball until your team mates are free from the
opponents to receive the ball.
 Main aim is essentially to shield the ball with your light body from the opponents.
Front pivot
 Player also lands with one foot ahead of the other and pivots with the forefoot
 In this case the player turns away to avoid an opponent who is on the trail
 Aim is to shield the ball.

Defensive footwork

 Players should be able to move quickly either forwards, backwards or from side to side
 The feet should be comfortably apart with knees slightly bent
 The back should be straight and arms extended.

Jumping

 Should start from a crouch position and on the balls of the feet
 Landing-feet comfortably apart with bent knees
 Good player should also be able to jump high and turn while in air.
 The players should have his eyes on the ball and not opponent during the jump
 In basketball ability to jump high is essential for collecting the ball during rebounds,
after a jump ball and for layup shots.

Faking and feinting

 Act of putting an opponent off balance through pretended action.
 The offensive player should judge the concentration of the eyes of the defensive players
and fake with the eyes, ball, shoulders, and head or by pointing. After this then quickly
pass the ball, dribble, pivot away or swerve to a different direction
 Using feet for faking is not advisable as no defensive player concentrates on the foot (its
only the eyes)
Single foot landing
(a) Pass the ball
(b) Step, lift the landing foot an pass
(c) Pivot, lift pivot foot pass

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 (d) Jump, jump passes before re-grounding either foot.
(e) Step, jump and pass before re-grounding either foot

Double foot landing

(a) Pass the ball

(b) Step, lift landing foot and pass
(c) Pivot, lift pivot foot pass.
(d) Jump from both feet and pass
(e) Step, jump and pass

Attacking system

1. Fast break
2. Extended break
3. Organized attack/zone offense
 1-3-1
 1-2-2
 1-4
 1-2-2
 3-2
 2-1-2
Defense system
1. Man to man defense
2. Combined defense-man + zone
3. Zone defenses
 2-3
 2-1-2
 1-2-2
 1-3-1

Technical terms

1 Blocking-personal contact that impedes the progress of an opponent who is not

in possession of the ball
2 Disqualifying foul-violation of rules for which a player removed from the game
3 Double foul-simultaneous foul from both teams or two opposite players
4 Fast break outrunning the opponents to attack before they move back for
defense.

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5 Feinting/faking-a sham movement (shot, pass or dribble) to divert the attention
or to deceive an opponent
6 Free throw-a privilege to score one point without defense behind the free throw
line
7 Front court-half of the court containing the basket into which a team is scoring.
8 Screening-legal action of a player who without causing personal contact delays
or prevents an opponent from reaching his desired position
9 Split-vision-ability to pass the ball to a player without looking at him or dribble
the ball without looking at it.
10 Turnover-loss of ball possession by a team before any member has been able to
try a basket.
11 Alternating-possession rule:
The possession arrow changes direction after each held ball situation, alternating
which team gets possession of the ball.
12 Boxing out:
A player’s attempt to position his body between his opponent and the basket to
get rebounds and prevent the opponents from doing so. Also referred to as
Blocking out.
13 Double team:
A defensive tactic in which two defenders temporarily guard one player.
14 Zone defense:
A team defense in which each player is responsible for defending an area of the
court and the opponents within that area.
15 Zone offense:
An offensive pattern of play designed to attack (score against) a particular zone
defense.
16 4-point play:A made 3-point field goal in which the shooter was fouled,
followed by a successful free-throw.

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Revised by s.m.m 24/9/12

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