CHAPTER Strategy Practice | Getting Started ET Look at the three images taken from Chapters 1-3. Without looking back at the chapters, how many target words can you remember trom each chapter? Focusing on Skills: oicnonary use ——SEE Making good use of your dictionary will help you study and master the target vocabulary presented in this book. In addition to giving you information about a ‘words meaning. dictionaries also explain pronunciation, grammar, word families, usage, frequency. and other useful information. If you do not have a dictionary, ask your teacher to recommend one. All of the samples and images in this chapter are taken from the CD-ROM that accompanies the Longman Dictionary of American English (LDAE) UNDERSTANDING DICTIONARY ENTRY STRUCTURE In order to effectively use your dictionary it isa good idea to fully understand how dictionary entries are presented and what information is included. The exercises ‘on the next page will help you develop this important skill Scanned with CamScanner‘A. Look atthe LDAE CD-ROM entry for fuliinent. entity the parts ofthe erty, Match the descriptions tothe enry pats Descriptions «audio file €. pronunciation in phonetic script '. collocation . word grammar example sentence _g. word meaning #1 (most frequent) . partof speech. word meaning #2 (second most frequent) ful4ittment fotfiimant’ noun [uncountable] d | Iisten an repeat 1 the feeling of being happy and satisfied with your life because you are doing bteesing, useful o mpatan things 14) Ann's werk gives har areal sanse of tiilment. 2 thw actor sate of meeting a need, demand, or condton ?_ 14) This contract fer aapends upon the utiment ef certain condi. 'B. Now look atthe entry fr fullment in your dictionary. What information is provided? Check () the boxes inthe table. Compare answers with a partner, Erg ere ued Scanned with CamScannera ——————_$§_$- UNDERSTANDING WORD MEANING When you look up a word, you often find that it has more than one meaning. In ‘many dictionaries, the first meaning is the most common one and therefore likely tobe the one you need. However, this not aay the ease so you should read all ‘of the meanings to be sure. To figure out which meaning is correct, think about the context in which you heard or read the word. ‘A. Match the target words in the box tothe comect groups of definitions. Then read the defintions below each target word and choose the one that reflects how the ‘word fs used inthe reading (Chapters 1-3). Use the chapter number in parentheses to locate and reread the word in context. amusement(2) __review(1) _spoil@)__—_tackle(3) vice) 4 a ‘8 to try to deal with a difficult problem . to force someone to the ground so that the person stops running, as in a game such as rugby or football to talk to someone in order to deal with a difficult problem 4. to start fighting someone, especially a criminal 2 . ‘a. a careful examination ofa situation or process; evaluation, analysis », amarticle in a newspaper or magazine that gives an opinion about a new book. play film, ete. to write opinion pleces for a newspaper or magazine . to report on a series of events ora period of time, mentioning the most important parts €. an official show of the army, navy, etc, for a king, president, or officer of high rank to observe ‘& criminal activities that imvole sex or drugs b abad habit €. a bad or immoral quality in a person, or bad or immoral behavior 4. (usually American English) a tool that holds an object very firmly so that ‘you can work on it ‘a. something that entertains you and makes time pass in an enjoyable way b. (British English) a special machine or game that is intended to entertain people, for example, at a fair «. the process of geting or providing pleasure and enjoyment i—$_ ’a. to have a bad effect on something so that it is no longer attractive, ‘enjoyable, or useful , to let a child do or have whatever he or she wants, often with the result that the child behaves badly «. to look after someone in a way that is very kind or too 4. tostart to decay €. (British English) to mark a ballot paper wrongly so that your vote is not included CHAPTER 4 SratagyPractcs 37 Scanned with CamScannerwhrweEE '. In most ditonares, word meanings ave Std eriso Ain your ctonary aaa un dctonary ge ha sare number f Word MGS ara the table to record your answers, (on page 37. Does your ictonary they in the same trequency order? Use | eel rd ao ‘end compare dofritions wth those eee 38 UNITY Hapnress Scanned with CamScannerUNDERSTANDING WORD FORMS AND WORD FAMILIES mn addition to word meanings, dictlonares can provide useful information about ‘word forms and word families. This faformation is particulary useful because it ‘enables yout to select the appropriate word form to it your sentence and therefore improve the overall accuracy of your writen work. Notice in the image below the useful word form and word family information [Provide in the entries, For example, in the entry for motivation, we are told ‘that It 1s @ noun and are elven the adjective form motivational. In the entry for ‘motivate, there's a ink to other verb forms. (motte Gz verb faci) > Leb tous | [listen and repeat) 1 10 make someone feel determined or to do something ‘4 Fae rer ar etcon moa chien too 2 motivating tactor/foree the reason wey someone behaves in a parieuiar Hoey na be mtvatg fcr bebe cea 1 ery eager to do or achiev 1W) Steg ot gy madd ee 2 done for a parte reason *4)_ Tho ktings were rougt o be raclaly motivated (adove because Soren aac rae ‘motivation Gi} noun 4) | stem ane repeat) | 1 funcountabe) te determination and dese to do someting (GF bb as matt Ie task sto ctu, eaers se mation 2 enurtable he eason why you wart odo someting Vasu: maa rey ‘motive =) aun {counabe) 4) | Finesaurus} [usten and repeat) ‘he reason that makes someone do someting spec when th reasons | pepttidcen *4) Pic are tying to fd out the motive fore tack. | Thepepleeagan to uzston Be mothe of eres > ulerior motive at ULTERIOR 30n, explanation, excuse, rationale, grounds (+> see Thesaurus tor at REASON! CHAPTERS SrateqyPracico 90 Scanned with CamScanner——————E= ‘A. Une your sitionary to lok up the target words. Find the word form / ward family Pears rorsed Use te abe to record your reauts. Mothvation has been ‘done for you. eg Peer) cdiorms | a3 separate | family table ee 1B. Compare answers with a partner, UNDERSTANDING COLLOCATIONS {A good dictionary will provide information and examples about words that are found together in patterns called eollocations. These patterns comprise much ‘of speech and writing. A sound knowledge ofcollocations not only wil improve the overall accuray of your speaking and writing, bt also will help make your utterances and sentences sound more natural to native speakers 400 UNITS Hucoress Scanned with CamScanner————S==— 4 mystery ‘collocation = dictionary model sentence = Sa ee Our sentence = Be ee ot see 5. rural ‘collocation « dictionary model semtence = your sentence = Focusing on Vocabulary Cards: woos sentences THAT TELL" AND ‘SHOW Earlier in this book, you were introduced tothe idea of making vocabulary cards and how useful they areas a strategy for learning new vocabulary (One section of your vocabulary card should beset aside for madel sentences that use the target word. Good model sentences should include two parts. The first part should “el” you something about using the target word. The second part should “show” what the word means. Look atthe example ‘eal (0d) Meaning = not serious, mportant, or valuable Model sentence» My boss tends to complain about trv things Yesterday Ihe complained about the color of the paper clipe had erred, Tell « My boss tends tocomplain about trivial things. ‘Show « Yesterday he complained about the color ofthe paper clips I had ordered. ‘aid rm Riel A TESOL prin Although dictionaries provide exelent model sentences, they sometimes fal to provide both “tl” and “show pats. Sots useul to add your own model sentence aswel Instructions Select ten vocabulary cards for target words from Chapters 1-3 that you scored 38a 1 oF 2. Check the model sentences you wrote fr each word to make sue you have included a “tell” and “show” part for each one, Add model sentences with “tel” and “show” parts where necessary. Compare sentences witha partner. Scanned with CamScanner