Online copy Scan this QR code to view your Notedly summary online. You'll also be able to access the Notedly chatbot assistant. TLOR Cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) is a mycotoxin produced by certain Penicillium and Aspergillus species, commonly found in agricultural raw materials and food commodities. Its toxicity affects various animal species, causing gastrointestinal and neurological disorders, as well as degenerative changes in organs such as the liver, kidney, heart, and digestive tract. When present with aflatoxins, CPA's effects on broiler chickens are additive, causing adverse health effects. Bullet points Discovery and production * In 1968, cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) was first discovered and characterized as achemical substance * CPAis produced by several Penicillium species (P. griseofulvum, P. camemberti, P. commune, P. dipodomyicola) and Aspergillus species (A. flavus, A. oryzae, and A. tamarii) * It is widespread on naturally contaminated agricultural raw materialsOccurrence and toxicity CPA has been reported to occur in food commodities such as oilseeds, nuts, cereals, dried figs, milk, cheese, and meat products * It is frequently detected in peanuts and maize CPA and aflatoxins in maize and peanuts contaminated with A. flavus suggest possible synergistic effects CPA is toxic to several animal species, including rats, pigs, guinea pigs, poultry, and dogs * Animals consuming CPA-contaminated feeds display severe gastrointestinal upsets and neurological disorders * Organs such as the liver, kidney, heart, and digestive tract are affected Mechanism of action * CPAis a specific inhibitor of sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase Effects on broiler health * Studies show that both aflatoxins and CPA either alone or in combination, adversely affect broiler health * The effects of aflatoxins and CPA in combination are usually additive