Mentor Di Matematica

Machine Translated by Google
Mathematics mentor
CISIA 2015
editions
Curators of the Mentor Collection:
Logic: Luisella Caire, Paola Suria Arnaldi
Mathematics: Gioconda Moscariello, Vincenzo Ferone
Physical and chemical sciences: Roberto Piazza, Paolo Sarti
Editorial board
Reviewers: Claudio Beccari, Claudio Casarosa
Organization: Giuseppe Forte, Giorgio Filippi
Pagination and layout: Claudius Beccari
Copyright © 2015
CISIA – Inter-university consortium Integrated access systems - All rights reserved.
THERE IS
president
Armando Brandolese Politecnico di Milano
Vice president
Bianca Maria Lombardo University of Catania
Director
Claudio Casarosa University of Pisa
Scientific Council
Mark Abbot University of Pisa
Claudius Beccari Turin Polytechnic
Marco Lonzi University of Siena
Gioconda Moscariello University of Naples – Federico II
Robert Piazza Politecnico di Milano
Maurice Verri Politecnico di Milano
Board of directors
Armando Brandolese Politecnico di Milano
Bianca Maria Lombardo University of Catania
Claudio Casarosa University of Pisa
Andrea Stella University of Padua
Paul Villani University of Salerno
Site
Via Malagoli, 12
56122 PISA
www.cisiaonline.it
Presentation
This booklet is a self-learning tool; it is not used to simulate a test, but to practice answering closed-
ended questions on specific subjects that are generally included in university admission tests.
The booklet has a particular shape and cannot be used by reading the pages sequentially; a
sequential reading is deliberately almost incomprehensible. The reading should be done in this
way: you start with the first question; read the text and choose an answer by going to the page
indicated at the end of the answer. If the answer is right, the new page confirms it, perhaps adding
some small information and indicates the page where to find the next question. If, on the other
hand, the chosen answer is wrong, the new page explains why it is wrong and indicates the page
to return to the question for which the wrong answer was chosen.
As can be seen, therefore, the reading path is forced through the indications of the pages to move
to. Instead, sequential reading is practically impossible because both the questions and the
answers are distributed "randomly" along the text and there are not two logically consecutive
elements (questions or explanations to the answers) placed in the text in adjacent positions.
In this particular mentor, math concepts are reviewed that are supposed to be familiar to the
majority of students enrolling in the University. Of course, the multitude of secondary education
institutes is so heterogeneous in Italy that the related programs often do not cover the entire
mathematics program which it would be useful to have done before enrolling in a technical or
scientific faculty. For this reason, in this mentor the notions that are reviewed or learned are part
of a not too advanced mathematics program that stops at plane trigonometry and does not go into
mathematical analysis. At the same time, for example, it does not deal with financial mathematics
at all, which is instead developed in some secondary education institutions. Despite the choice of
such a simplified program, however, it cannot be ignored that in some institutes the essential
concepts necessary to start university studies on the right foot are not covered.
It is convenient to separate the review or learning of math concepts by also separating knowledge
from skills; both are essential, but it is best to proceed step by step. At the same time, to facilitate
the reader, this mentor contains an index of the sections with which it is possible to resume the
review of the knowledge from the section that most interests, either Mathematics 1, for the
knowledge, or Mathematics 2 for the skills. Obviously, there is no need to remember that
knowledge, beyond the formal and rigorous aspect of mathematical definitions, requires verifying
that one knows what one is talking about. Similarly for skills it is not just a question of knowing
what one is talking about, but also of knowing how to use it; solving a problem expressed in words
not only requires knowing what we are talking about, but also knowing how to handle the information
contained in the problem statement to possibly arrive at a solution in an efficient and effective way.
The time to devote to each question should not be too long; however the review or self-learning of
mathematical concepts is something very different from facing an admission test implemented
through a questionnaire full of questions with multiple closed answers, having an average couple
of minutes available for each question. The time needed to answer in this kind of test together with
the difficulty of the question itself is an essential element for the effectiveness of the admission
test; allows you to better separate the sample of candidates who take the test in order to
discriminate the preparation of individual candidates. Usually this does not prevent brilliant
candidates, who have followed upper secondary studies ill-suited to the chosen faculty, from
showing their skills; just as well you can better identify those candidates who, although
4
having followed secondary studies suitable for the faculty, they are not so interested in the disciplines that
form the basis of their future studies.
This is why reviewing acquired knowledge and skills in mathematics is important; just as it is important to
discover that you do not have adequate knowledge in some parts, so as to be able to fill in the gaps before
tackling university studies.
The mathematics program covered by the closed-ended questions cover the knowledge and skills indicated
in the following list.
Arithmetic and algebra. Properties and operations on numbers (integers, rationals, reals). Absolute value.
Powers and roots. Logarithms and exponentials. Literal calculation. Polynomials (operations, factor
decomposition). Algebraic equations and inequalities of first and second degree or reducible to
them. Systems of first degree equations. Rational equations and inequalities divided and with
radicals.
Geometry Segments and angles; their size and properties. Lines and plans. Remarkable geometric places.
Properties of the main plane geometric figures (triangles, circles, circles, regular polygons, etc.)
and relative lengths and areas. Properties of the main solid geometric figures (spheres, cones,
cylinders, prisms, parallelepipeds, pyramids, etc.) and related volumes and surface areas.
Analytic geometry and numerical functions Cartesian coordinates. The concept of function. Equations of
straight lines and simple geometric places (circles, ellipses, parabolas, hyperbolas, etc.).
Graphs and properties of elementary functions (powers, logarithms, exponentials, etc.). Calculations
using logarithms. Logarithmic and exponential equations and inequalities.
Trigonometry Graphs and properties of the sine, cosine and tangent functions. The main trigonometric
formulas (addition, subtraction, duplication, bisection). Trigonometric equations and inequalities.
Relations between elements of a triangle.
How to use the mentor

In the mentor the questions and the explanations of the closed answers that they contain are randomly
mixed, but next to each answer it is indicated on which page the solution is found by means of a small
black hand whose index finger points to the page to which to move; on the page indicated, the explanation
is clearly identified as the answer 'X' to question 'Y'. The explanation consists of a title that classifies the
answer as right or wrong and is followed by a short explanatory text possibly accompanied by formulas
and drawings. At the end of the short text, another little black hand indicates which page to go to to
continue using the mentor; in particular, if the answer given was wrong, the little hand indicates to go back
to the question that was not able to answer, while if the answer was right, the little hand indicates the page
of the next question. Generally on the next question page there is only one; very rarely on the same page
there are two or more questions. For this reason, in order to make unequivocal what the next question is,
the sentence that follows the hand says "to question Z on page W". If only page W is indicated, it means it
points to the next mentor section or its conclusion.
Even if the questions are numbered sequentially in the mentor, the referral game proceeds in random
order; through the pointers to the pages, at the end of the reading each question will have been reached.
Reading does not take place sequentially according to the numbering of the pages, but only by following
the sequence of the pages indicated by the various little hands. Reading according to the natural sequence
5
of pages is virtually impossible. In short, one is forced to think carefully about each question in order to
proceed with the sequence of the right answers.
If a question is answered incorrectly once or twice, it is probable that the subject matter of the question
constitutes a gap or that the subject has not been assimilated properly. The mentor's goal of highlighting
knowledge and/or skill gaps is thus achieved. The reader will review that subject in his textbooks or in
textbooks conforming to the syllabus indicated above1 ; having acquired the missing knowledge, and
possibly also the skills by carrying out the exercises proposed in the text, the reader can start over the
section of the mentor he was carrying out.
If, on the other hand, the guided reading of the mentor proceeds well, it means that the reader has the
necessary knowledge and knowledge; it will be his care, eventually, to point out if he has encountered
topics that have forced him to a lot of mental and material work but in any case he has managed to
proceed to the end of the mentor, he can review the topics that have embarrassed him the most to
review the theory and/or to carry out further exercises to acquire greater operational "effort". Again the
goal of the mentor is achieved; in fact, the reader has identified his possible weaknesses and has the
opportunity to practice to strengthen himself in the arguments that have been the most difficult for him.
The method followed in this test is inspired by a book from about fifty years ago which was then very
useful to many young people. Convinced that, even in the presence of more modern technologies,
learning is based, yesterday as today, always on individual cognitive experiences, we hope that the
readers of this text will appreciate the proposed method and find the product of our efforts useful.
1
Texts intended for classical high school should be suitable for this purpose.
6
List of sections
Mathematics 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . 8
Mathematics 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . 87
7
Mathematics 1
Start from the page containing the

question from which to start reading the
mentor, as indicated in the box
below.
question 60 on page 86
Answer C to question 20 is correct
2 2
Setting = , the equation becomes + 3 ÿ 4 = 0. Using the solution formula of the equations of
second degree, the solutions of this equation are 1 = 1. Taking into account
= ÿ4 the
andposition
2
done, we need to solve the following two equations:
2 = ÿ4 and 2 = 1.
The first does not admit real solutions, while the second admits two real solutions = ÿ1 and
1
2 = 1 Therefore the answer is right.
ÿ to question 34 on page 59
Answer A to question 48 is wrong
Referring to the figure, the polygon is the union of two right triangles It is
So:
ÿ
area( ) = 2 ÿ area( )=2ÿ =ÿ .
If = 3 cm, making use of the Pythagorean theorem, one can calculate it is wrong. and deduce that the answer
The intersection of 14 is the point (0,0), that of 1 with 2 is the point (7,0), that of 1 with 3 And
2 with 3
7
the dot ( 3, 3 ) . Thus the assigned triangle is in the first quadrant and has one side on the axis
.
It is easy to verify that the point (3,5) is not inside the triangle whose vertices are (0,0), (7,0) and
7 14
( 3, 3 ) . Therefore the answer is wrong.
9
Answer D to question 52 is wrong
The students who passed the exam on the first call represent a fraction of 30 of the
total, therefore the students who remain after the first session are i who passed 100
70
100 of the total. Students who
10 70 7
the exam in the second session they are a fraction of the total equal to Therefore the answer is × = 100 .
100 100
wrong.
Answer E to question 6 is wrong
The numbers considered are all positive, so to compare them just compare the square.
Therefore the answer is wrong.
The equation of a circle with center C of coordinates (1,1) and radius > 0 is:
2
( ÿ 1)2 + ( ÿ 1)2 =
2 2
The equation +
ÿ 2 ÿ 2 = 0 can be written as ( ÿ 1)2 + ( ÿ 1)2 = 2. Therefore it
represents the circle with center C and radius ÿ2 and this circle is not tangent to the axis
from the . Therefore the answer is wrong.
So:
ÿ
area( ) = 2 ÿ area( )=2ÿ =ÿ .
10
Question 1
An equilateral triangle is inscribed in a circle; the relationship between the length of the
circumference and perimeter of the triangle is:
A. 4 /3 ÿ page 79
B. /3 ÿ page 37
C. ÿ3 /2 D. ÿ page 26
2ÿ3 /9 E. 2 / ÿ page 47
ÿ3 ÿ page 69
Se = 3
2
cm, making use of the Pythagorean theorem, one can calculate and deduce that the answer
is wrong.
Answer B to question 42 is correct
It is worth ÿ 2 = | ||,=so
. Remembering
the proposedthe definition
equation is equivalent to |
of absolute value we have that it is satisfied only for ÿ 0. Therefore the answer is right.
OK:
(10 ÿ ÿ2) = log10(10 ÿ ÿ2).
If we make use of the properties of the logarithm, we deduce that the answer is wrong.
The solid obtained is a sphere of radius 1 cm from which a sphere of radius has been removed. By
1
cm.
2
calculating the volume of these spheres, it is deduced that the answer is wrong.
11
Question 2
2ÿ2
Given a real number , the following relationship OK:
ÿ4 +1
A. 1/2 ÿ page 23
B. 0 ÿ page 52
C. 1/2 ÿ page 58
D. 2 ÿ page 18
E.1 _ ÿ page 53
OK:
1 2
log10 3ÿ +1= log10( + 1)
3
2 log10 1000 = log10 103 = 3 log10 10 = 3,
and thus log10 3ÿ 2 + 1 ÿ log10 1000 = log10( + 1). Therefore the answer is right.
Since the triangle is right angled, it can be said that the two equal sides form a right angle.
Recalling that the sum of the interior angles of a triangle is equal to a straight angle, we deduce
that the answer is wrong.
The rectangle that has two sides coincident with two parallel sides of the hexagon has a base equal to and height
equal to double the apothem. If we calculate the length of the apothem, we deduce that the answer is
wrong.
The number 7 is not a divisor of 30. Therefore the answer is wrong.

12
Question 3
An angle measures 2 radians, so
A. its sine is positive B. its ÿ page 15

sine and cosine have the same sign C. the angle is acute ÿ page 78
D. its tangent does not ÿ page 78
exist E. its cosine is positive ÿ page 66
ÿ page 44
The sets identified by each condition (see figure) can be described as follows.
Condition Set of points

(1) ( + )2 = 1 dove correct 1 ÿ + = ÿ1 and 2 ÿ + = 1
2
(2) 2+ = 1 circle with center at the origin and radius 1
(3) +ÿ0 half-plane under the line + = 0 3ÿ
(ÿ1,0) 2
3
(0,ÿ1)
1
Conditions (1) and (3) are verified simultaneously by all and only the points of the straight line 1.
Thus, the points that verify all three assigned conditions are (-1,0) and (0,-1), i.e. all
only those who satisfy the system
{ + =2 +ÿ1 2=1
ÿ { = ÿ ÿ 12 + = 0.
Therefore the answer is right.

13
Question 4
In the set of real numbers the inequality

4
+ 5 < 0 is verified
A. always B. ÿ page 58
if = ÿ5 ÿ page 50
C. May ÿ page 77
D. se > ÿ5 ÿ page 61
E. if < ÿ 4ÿ5 ÿ page 24
For 0 ÿ ÿ the function sin( ) assumes all and only the values between 0 and 1. Therefore the equation
proposal admits at least one solution if and only if 0 ÿ 2 ÿ ÿ 1, i.e. 1 ÿ ÿ 2. Therefore the
answer is right.
The degree of a polynomial in the variable is the maximum degree of the monomials that compose it
(obviously the coefficient of the monomial of maximum degree is not zero). The sum of polynomials
of degree 3 is a polynomial that contains monomials that are at most of third degree, but it is not said that
3 3
contains one of the third degree. For example, if ( ) = ÿ and ( ) = + which is a worth ( ) + ( ) = 2
, ,
first order polynomial. Therefore the answer is wrong.

For example, the value = solves the equation, but you don't write it as = some integer
3
+2 , per
2 2
value of . Therefore the answer is wrong.

Answer C to question 42 is wrong
It is easy to verify that, for example, even = 1 satisfies the proposed equation. Therefore the
answer is wrong.
14
The wheels used cover a total of 2 ÿ 600 km = 1200 km. So every wheel must
1200
be used for km = 400km . Therefore the answer is right.
3
The < < holds 0 < sin < 1 and ÿ1 < cos < 0, so cos + sin < 1 < ÿ2. Therefore the
2
answer is wrong.
The rectangle that has two sides coinciding with two parallel sides of the hexagon has a base equal to
and height equal to twice the apothem. If we calculate the length of the apothem, we deduce that the
answer is wrong.
Answer E to question 17 is correct
(evidently the coefficient of the monomial of maximum degree is not zero). The sum of polynomials of
degree 3 is a polynomial that contains monomials that are at most of third degree, therefore ( ) + ( ) has
degree ÿ 3. The product of polynomials is a polynomial obtained by adding the products of each monomial
of the first for each monomial of the second, therefore ( ) ÿ ( ) contains a monomial of sixth degree
(highest degree). Therefore the answer is right.
Answer A to question 3 is correct
OK <2< , so sin 2 > 0. Therefore the answer is right.

2
For example, if = 0, the equation becomes sin( ) = 2, but, for 0 ÿ ÿ it assumes all , the sin( ) function
and only the values between 0 and 1. Therefore the answer is wrong.
15
Question 5
Having an equilateral triangle of side and an equilateral triangle of side 2 we have that the resulting
surface:
A. greater than that of but still less than twice that of ÿ page 69 ÿ page 27 ÿ page 84 ÿ
page 55 ÿ page
B. quadruple that of C. greater 40
than quadruple that of D. double that of E. not
deducible from that of
The intersection of is the point (0,0), that of 3 ) . with 3 is the point (7,0), that of 1 is 2 with 3
1 with 2
7 14
the point 3 , Thus the assigned triangle is in the first quadrant and has one side on the axis
.
( The point (ÿ3,2) does not belong to the first quadrant. Therefore the answer is wrong.
Answer D to question 39 is correct
The point = ( ) coincides with the point (ÿ1,2) if and only if it is such that = ÿ1 and = 2. Negating this condition
,
means that ÿ ÿ1 or ÿ 2. Therefore the answer is correct.

We write the inequality in an equivalent form:
+3 + 3 ÿ 2( + 1) ÿ 1ÿ
ÿ2ÿ0ÿ+1 0ÿ+1 ÿ 0.
+1
The solutions are obtained by solving the following systems:
{ 1 ÿ ÿ+ 01 > 0 or { 1 ÿ ÿ 0 +1<0
The first system is solved for ÿ1 < ÿ 1, while the second is impossible. Therefore the answer is right.
16
Question 6
Put the three numbers 7, ÿ47, ÿ3 + ÿ27 in ascending order
A. ÿ3 + ÿ27 < ÿ47 < 7 B. ÿ47 ÿ page 17

< ÿ3 + ÿ27 < 7 C. 7 < ÿ47 < ÿ page 38
ÿ3 + ÿ27 D. 7 < ÿ3 + ÿ27 < ÿ page 27
ÿ47 E. ÿ47 < 7 < ÿ3 + ÿ27 ÿ page 44
ÿ page 10
If we remember that, for every ÿ ÿ, we have sin2 + cos2 = 1 and sin 2 = 2 sin cos, the , it is deduced that
answer is wrong.
If sphere and cube are, respectively, the volume of the sphere and the cube, since the sphere is contained
in the cube it is:
ball < 1.
cube
On the other hand 2

> 1. Therefore the answer is wrong.
The function = 3ÿ is an increasing function from ÿ to ÿ and has the same sign as . So
+ 8 < .0 is satisfied if and only if
the inequality 3ÿ 3 < ÿ8 = (ÿ2)3
3
+ 8 < 0, i.e. 3
This last inequality is satisfied if and only if < ÿ2. Therefore the answer is right.
17
Question 7
If there are 3ÿ 3 +8<0

A. if and only if < ÿ1 ÿ page 84 ÿ page
B. for no real value of C. if and 34 ÿ page 17 ÿ
only if < ÿ2 page 39 ÿ page
D. if and only if < 0 68
E. if and only if < 1
The solid obtained is a sphere of radius 1 cm from which a sphere of radius has been removed. By 1 cm. 2
calculating the volume of these spheres, it is deduced that the answer is

wrong. ÿ to question 31 on page 56
Answer B to question 17 is wrong
(evidently the coefficient of the monomial of maximum degree is not zero). The product of polynomials is a
polynomial that is obtained by adding the products of each monomial of the first to each monomial of the
second. So ( )ÿ ( ) contains a sixth degree monomial. Therefore the answer is wrong.
It is easy to verify that, for example, = ÿ1 does not satisfy the proposed equation. Therefore the answer is
wrong.
If one makes use of the properties of powers, one deduces that the answer is wrong.
The sum of the interior angles of a regular or non-regular polygon having sides is equal to (ÿ2) straight
angles. Therefore the answer is wrong.
18
Question 8
A shrewd motorcyclist, on a journey of 600 km, also makes use of the spare wheel
so that at the end of the trip the three wheels suffer the same wear. How many kilometers
Will he have traveled every wheel at the end of the journey?
A. 350 km ÿ page 73
B. 400 km ÿ page 15
C. 450 km ÿ page 27
D. 500 km ÿ page 66
E. 200 km ÿ page 28
If we use the remainder theorem, we deduce that the answer is wrong.

The number 2 is prime, so it belongs to . Therefore the answer is right.

The numbers = 0 and = 0 are wrong. 2

+
2
= 0, but not + = 1. Therefore the answer is
OK:
1 3 1
(ÿ3 sin2 + ÿ3 cos2 ÿ 2 sin )| = = ÿ3 + ÿ3 ÿ 2 ÿ 0.
6 4 4 2

19
The number (ÿ5 + ÿ8)/2 is not rational. Indeed, if it were, so would its square
2
=
5 + 8 + 2ÿ40 =
13
+ ÿ10,
4 4
( ÿ5 + ÿ8 2 )
and therefore ÿ10 would also be rational , but there is no rational number whose square is 10.
Recalling that a polynomial is divisible by a second polynomial if there is a third polynomial that
multiplied by the second gives the starting polynomial as a result, we deduce that the answer is
wrong.
The number 13 is odd, so it belongs to . Therefore the answer is wrong. ÿ to

OK:
( ÿ 2) = ( ÿ 2)2 ÿ ( ÿ 2)3 .
Carrying out the calculations, it turns out that the answer is wrong.
If we observe that a diagonal forms a triangle with two consecutive sides of the parallelogram, we
deduce that the answer is wrong.
If one makes use of the properties of powers with the same base, one deduces that the answer is
20
Question 9
With respect to an orthogonal Cartesian reference of the equation of the axis of the segment
endpoints (0,0) and (2,2) it is:
A. ÿ = 2 ÿ page 75
B. = 1 ÿ page 36
C. = ÿ page 69
D. + = 2 ÿ page 23
E. = 1 ÿ page 74
It is about calculating the number of subsets of 4 athletes that can be formed from the set
of the 6 oarsmen. Therefore the answer is wrong.
The equation of a circle with center (0, ÿ 4) and radius = ÿ + 2 is:

2 2
+ ( + 4)2 = ÿ 2+ 2 + 8 + 16 = + 2.
The previous equation does not coincide with the assigned one. Therefore the answer is wrong.
21
So:
ÿ
area( ) = 2 ÿ area( )=2ÿ =ÿ .
With = ÿ3
cm, making use of the Pythagorean theorem, one can calculate and deduce that the answer
2
it's wrong.
Two circles with distinct centers are mutually tangent if and only if the straight line passes through
for centers it contains the point of tangency between the circles. Therefore the answer is wrong.
The solutions of the equation considered must be numbers ÿ 0 that satisfy the equation
second degree
2 ÿ + 1 = 0.
2
The discriminant of the previous equation is ÿ = the ÿ 4 and, if = 1, then ÿ = ÿ3 < 0. Hence
equation has no solutions. Therefore the answer is wrong.
The rectangle that has two sides coincident with two parallel sides of the hexagon has a base equal to and height
equal to double the apothem. If we calculate the length of the apothem, we deduce that the answer is
wrong.
The volume of the part outside the smaller sphere is half the volume of the larger sphere if and only
if the volume of the smaller sphere is half the volume of the larger sphere. So it must
request
4 4 3 1
=2ÿ =2 ÿ= .
3 3
3ÿ2

22
The axis of a segment is the line perpendicular to it and passing through its midpoint. The angular
coefficient of the line passing through the points (0,0) and (2,2) is
2ÿ0
= = 1. 2
ÿ0
The slope of the line + = 2, written in the form = ÿ + 2, is the slope of the = ÿ1. Recalling the condition of
ÿ ÿ ÿ
and it's worth

perpendicularity between straight lines ( = ÿ1) we have that the straight line = ÿ + 2 is
perpendicular to the considered segment. Also, the midpoint of the segment is = (
2+0 2+0
2, 2 ) = (1,1) and the straight line = ÿ + 2 passes through that point. Therefore the answer is
right. ÿ to question 25 on page 46
By making use of the properties of the logarithm, we deduce that the answer is wrong.
The distance of a point from a line is always nonnegative.

To compare two numbers, you can make the ratio and check if it is equal to 1. Using the properties of
powers, we have:
1/4
( 81 ÿ64) 3 2
= = 21ÿ(3/4) = 21/4 ÿ 1.
3 2 3/4 3

The number 12 is even and not prime, so it does not belong to . Therefore the answer is wrong. ÿ to
23
Question 10
1/4
is equal to
The number ( 81 ÿ64)
3
A. ÿ page 55
ÿ2
3
B. ÿ page 73
2ÿ2
24
C. ÿ page 48
8 5/4
24
D. ÿ page 51
64
3
AND.
2
ÿ page 23
For example, if = ÿ2 < ÿ 4ÿ5, the inequality does not hold. Therefore the answer is wrong.
second degree
2 ÿ + 1 = 0.
2
The discriminant of the previous equation is ÿ = ÿ 4 and, if = 3, ÿ = 5 > 0. Therefore
3±ÿ5
the equation admits the two distinct solutions = 2 . Therefore the answer is wrong.
It is immediate to observe (see figure) that the segments , It is

divide the triangle in
are four congruent triangles.
24
Item 11
In a Cartesian plane, which of the following points is inside the triangle enclosed by the three
correct 1 ÿ = 0, 2 ÿ = 2 3 ÿ = ÿ + 7?
,
A. = (3, 5) ÿ page 9
B. = (4, 4) ÿ page 63
C. = (1,ÿ3) ÿ page 43
D. = (3, 3) ÿ page 41
E. = (ÿ3, 2) ÿ page 16
Therefore the rhombus being the union of two of these triangles, has an area R equal to half the area of the
,
triangle. Observed
T that the height of an equilateral triangle is obtained
multiplying the side by ÿ3/2, we have:
ÿ
ÿ3
T 1 2
R
= =
2 2 2
ÿ3 ÿ 22
cm2 = ÿ3 cm2
2
=
4 2

The volume of the part outside the smaller sphere is half the volume of the larger sphere if and only if
the volume of the smaller sphere is half the volume of the larger sphere. Calculating the volumes
of the two spheres, it is deduced that the answer is wrong.
The amount of paint to tint the considered solids is proportional to the surface area
total. The total surface area of a cone with a height of 1 meter and a base of radius 1 meter is:
1
Pussy
=( 2 2 ÿ2 + ) m2 = (ÿ2 + 1) m2 .
Comparing it, for example, with that of the cube, cube, the following holds:
Pussy > cube.

25
Question 12
For 0 ÿ ÿ the equation sin( ) = 2 ÿ has at least one solution if and only if
A. ÿ 1 ÿ page 60
B. 1 ÿ ÿ 2 ÿ page 14
C. ÿ 2 D. ÿ page 15
ÿ1 ÿ ÿ 1 E. 1 ÿ ÿ ÿ page 37
3 ÿ page 75
The side of the triangle is a chord of the circumference which subtends an angle at the center equal to 23.
= If one makes use of the chord theorem, one deduces that the answer is wrong.
For example, = 1 satisfies the equation. Therefore the answer is wrong.

Observing that in 18 years the ages of Luigi's two sons will be 33 and 29, it can be deduced that the
answer is wrong.
2 2
The numbers = 0 and = 0 are wrong. + = 0, but it does not hold < ÿ1. Therefore the answer is
Every natural number greater than 1 can be prime factorized. Therefore the answer
it's wrong.
26
Question 13
The sum of the internal angles of a non-regular hexagon A. is
equal to five straight angles B. it ÿ page 46 ÿ page

cannot be calculated without further data 58 ÿ page 66 ÿ
C. equals 4 radians D. equals page 52 ÿ page
360 degrees E. equals six 18
right angles
The wheels used cover a total of 2 × 600 km = 1200 km. Therefore the answer is wrong.
ÿ3 2 2
The area of the triangle is equal to . 4Since, so
theittriangle
is proportional to
has a double side, it follows that its area is exactly
four times that of . Therefore the answer is right.
( 1.98 )2 < 22 = 4 < 5. Therefore the answer is wrong.

If we observe that a diagonal forms a triangle with two consecutive sides of the parallelogram, we deduce
27
Question 14
In a parallelogram of perimeter 2 we have that:
A. at least one diagonal has a length equal to ÿ page 20

B. each diagonal has length less than ÿ page 40
C. each diagonal has a length greater than ÿ page 27
D. the sum of the lengths of the diagonals is less than ÿ page 47
E. one diagonal has length greater than the other less than ÿ page 73
,
The wheels used cover a total of 2 × 600 km = 1200 km. Therefore the answer is
wrong.

Hence the rhombus , being the union of two of these triangles, it has half the area compared to
triangle. Calculating the area of the triangle , it turns out that the answer is wrong.
28
Question 15
In the Cartesian plane the axis of the segment of extremes (0,0), (1, 1) has equation
1
A. = ÿ
ÿ page 83
2
B. = 2 ÿ ÿ page 57
C. = 1 ÿ ÿ page 31
2
D. = 1 ÿ ÿ page 38
1ÿ
E. = ÿ page 64
2
We observe that the diagonal of = ÿ2 ÿ. Circle has wrong 1 has radius 1 =

2,
while the circle
ÿ
radius 2 . =
2 2 . By calculating the surface area of the two circles, we deduce that the answer is
For = ÿ1 the function ÿ 2 ÿ is worth ÿ(ÿ1)2 ÿ (ÿ1) = 1 + 1 = 2. Therefore the answer is wrong.
It is immediate to observe (see figure) that the , It is

segments are four congruent triangles.
29
Question 16
Given the equilateral triangle whose side measures 2 cm, let . The , , the midpoints
respectively of the sides , , area of the rhombus is
ÿ3
A. cm2 ÿ page 24
2
B. 2 cm2 ÿ page 49
C. ÿ3 cm2 D. ÿ page 28
ÿ2 cm2 ÿ page 39
1
AND. cm2 ÿ page 29
ÿ3
If we remember that, for every ÿ ÿ, we have sin2 + cos2 = 1 and sin 2 = 2 sin cos, the answer is wrong. , it is deduced that
If the definition of the distance of a point from a wrong straight line is used. , it follows that the answer is
OK:
(ÿ3 sin2 + ÿ3 cos2 ÿ 2 sin )| =0 = ÿ3 ÿ 0.
30
Question 17
Which of the following statements holds for any pair of polynomials ( ) and ( ) of degree 3 with
real coefficients, with ( ) ÿ ÿ ( )?
A. ( ) + ( ) has degree 6 and ( ) ÿ ( ) has degree ÿ 6 B. ( ) ÿ page 64 ÿ page

+ ( ) has degree 3 and ( ) ÿ ( ) has degree 3 C. ( ) + ( ) 18 ÿ page 43 ÿ
has degree 6 and ( ) ÿ ( ) has degree ÿ 9 D. ( ) + ( ) has page 14 ÿ page
degree 3 and ( ) ÿ ( ) has degree ÿ 6 E. ( ) + ( ) has 15
degree ÿ 3 and ( ) ÿ ( ) has degree 6
The line passing through the points and has slope
1ÿ0
= = 1. 1 ÿ
0
The midpoint of the segment is = ( 1 2,

1 2) . If one makes use of the axis definition of a
segment, we deduce that the answer is wrong.
For example, the point (ÿ1,0) is different from the point (ÿ1,2), but is not such that ÿ ÿ1. Therefore the
answer is wrong.
We observe that the diagonal of = ÿ2 ÿ. The circle has radius 2 has radius 1 = 2,
while the circle
1
ÿ
2
= 2 . By calculating the surface area of the two circles, we deduce that the answer is
wrong.
31
Item 18
Let be a real number greater than 1. The numeric expression
ÿÿÿ 2ÿ ÿ
log 5
2
is equal to:
A. ÿ1 ÿ page 81
B. ÿ page 53
C. ÿ page 69
D. 0 ÿ page 42
+1 ÿ page 55
second degree
2 ÿ + 1 = 0.
2
The discriminant of the previous equation is ÿ = ÿ 4 and, if = ÿ3, ÿ = 5 > 0. Therefore
ÿ3±ÿ5
the equation admits the two distinct solutions = 2 . Therefore the answer is wrong.
If the definition of the distance of a point from a wrong straight line is , it follows that the answer is
used.
The amount of asphalt required is proportional to the area of the square. If you use the formula
calculating the area of a circle, one deduces that the answer is wrong.
32
Question 19
5 4
The remainder of the division of the polynomial ÿ3 +3 times +1 is
A. ÿ1 ÿ page 84
B. 1 ÿ page 30
C. 3 ÿ page 19
D. 0 ÿ page 74
E. ÿ 1 ÿ page 79
The amount of asphalt required is proportional to the area of the square. If the square has diameter
double that expected means that its radius is also double. So if it was the radius
2 2
expected, i.e. it isthe
quadruple
expectedof
area, the actual area of the square is (2 )2 = 4 ,
the expected one. Therefore the answer is right.

The distance of a point from a straight line is the measure of the perpendicular segment led by
point to the straight line. In the case under examination the straight line has equation = 2 and is perpendicular to the axis
of the abscissas. So the line perpendicular to and passing through the point = (ÿ4,2) has equation
= 2. The distance of the point from the line is equal to the distance between the points = (ÿ4,2) and = (2,2)
(intersection of the line with the line of equation = 2), and it is worth ÿ(ÿ4 ÿ 2)2 = 6.
The equation of a circle with center at the origin and radius = ÿ is:
2 2 2 2 2
+ = ÿ + = .
3
For example, the value = solves
2
the equation, but you don't write it as = some integer value +22 , per
of . Therefore the answer is wrong.
33
Question 20
4 2
The real field equation A. +3 ÿ 4 = 0 ha:
two positive solutions and no negative solutions B. no ÿ page 50

solution ÿ page 26
C. one positive solution and one negative solution D. ÿ page ÿ 9
two negative solutions and no positive solution E. two page 82

positive solutions and two negative solutions ÿ page 52
Since the function 2

ÿ 3| | + 2 is an even function that doesn't vanish for = 0, just study
is the equation for > 0, i.e.:
2
ÿ 3 + 2 = 0, > 0.
If we use the formula for resolving quadratic equations, we deduce that the answer is
wrong.
ÿ2 + ÿ2
= ÿ2, so there is at least one value of for which it holds
Vale cos ( 4 ) + sin ( 4 ) = 2 2
cos + sin ÿ ÿ2. Therefore the answer is wrong.

OK:
( ÿ 2) = ( ÿ 2)2 ÿ ( ÿ 2)3 = ( ÿ 2)2 (1 ÿ + 2) =
= ( ÿ 2)2 (3 ÿ ).

For example, the inequality 3ÿ 3 + 8 < 0 is satisfied for = ÿ3. Therefore the answer is
wrong.
34
Question 21
The Circolo Canottieri Santerno is made up of six rowers, all equally good and close-knit
Between them. Must send a representation of four athletes to the regional championship. In
how many different ways can such a representation be formed?
A. 720 ÿ page 21
B. 5 ÿ page 53
C. 15 ÿ page 74
D. 4 ÿ page 54
E. 6 ÿ page 57
( 3,01)2 > 32 = 9 > 8. Therefore the answer is wrong.
The amount of asphalt required is proportional to the area of the square. If you use the formula
calculating the area of a circle, one deduces that the answer is wrong.
Per = 4 3
OK:
ÿ2 ÿ2
(cos( ) + sin( ))| =3 =ÿ
+ = 0.
4 2 2

answer is wrong.
35
If one makes use of the definition of a segment axis, one deduces that the answer is wrong.
So:
ÿ
area( ) = 2 ÿ area( )=2ÿ =ÿ .
If = 2 cm, making use of the Pythagorean theorem, we have:
2
=ÿ2
ÿ
= ÿ4 ÿ 1 cm = ÿ3 cm.
It follows
area( ) = ÿ = 1 ÿ ÿ3 cm2 = ÿ3 cm2 .

36
We observe that the diagonal of = ÿ2 ÿ. Circle has wrong radius 1 has radius 1 = 2,
while the circle
ÿ
2 2. = 2 . By calculating the surface area of the two circles, we deduce that the answer is
2
( ÿ 1)2 + ( ÿ 1)2 =
2 2
The equation +
+ 2 + 2 = 2 can be written as ( + 1)2 + ( + 1)2 = 4. Therefore the answer
is wrong.
Evidently 2.52 is a rational number and, if one calculates (2.52)2 = 6.3504, or observes
that 6.25 = (2.5)2 < (2.52)2 < (2.6)2 = 6.76, we have 5 < (2.52)2 = 6.3504 < 8. Therefore the answer And
right.
For example, if = 0, the equation becomes sin( ) = 2, but, for 0 ÿ ÿ it assumes all , the sin( ) function
37
1ÿ0
= = 1. 1
ÿ0
The midpoint of the slope is = ( 1 2 , 1 2) . The axis of is perpendicular to and therefore has
segment = ÿ1. Also it passes through and its equation is
ÿ 1
=ÿ
1 1
ÿ
=
2 ÿ(ÿ 2 ) ÿ = ÿ + 1.

OK:
2
2
7 = 49, ÿ47 = 47, (ÿ3 + ÿ27)2 = (ÿ3 + 3ÿ3)2 = 48.

The equation of a circle with center (ÿ4.0) and radius = ÿ + 2 is:
( + 4)2 +
2
=
2
ÿ 2+ 2 + 8 + 16 = + 2.
We observe that the diagonal of = ÿ2 ÿ. Circle has wrong 1

has radius 1 = while the circle 2 ,
ÿ
2 radius 2 . = 2 . By calculating the surface area of the two circles, we deduce that the answer is
The amount of asphalt required is proportional to the area of the square. If we use the formula for
calculating the area of a circle, we deduce that the answer is wrong.
38
The number (ÿ5 ÿ ÿ8) /2 is not rational since (ÿ5 ÿ ÿ8) /2 = ÿ10 and there is no
rational number whose square is 10. Therefore the answer is wrong. ÿ to question
51 on page 76
For example, the inequality 3ÿ 3 + 8 < 0 is not satisfied for = ÿ1 < 0. Therefore the answer is wrong.
The students who passed the exam on the first session represent a fraction of the total , therefore the of the
students who remain after the first session are i who passed the exam on
70
100
10 70 × 100 100 7
the second session they are a fraction of the total equal to Therefore the answer is wrong. = 100 .
The rectangle that has two sides coinciding with two parallel sides of the hexagon has a base equal to and ÿ3
height equal to twice the apothem. For the regular hexagon on the side the apothem is = therefore the 2
It is
area of the rectangle is = ÿ (2 ) = ÿ3 2 . Therefore the answer is right.


39
In a parallelogram the opposite sides are equal and therefore the sum of the lengths of two sides
consecutive is equal to half the perimeter, i.e. to . Observed that a diagonal forms, with
two consecutive sides of the parallelogram, a triangle, its length is smaller
Of . Therefore the answer is right.
For example, = 0 is not a solution of the equation so = 2 , for = 0, is not a solution.

2
The numbers = 0 and = 0 satisfy 2+ = 0, but not valid > . Therefore the answer is wrong.
The angular coefficient of the line passing through the points of coordinates (1, 0) and (0,1) is equal to
1ÿ0
= = ÿ1.
0ÿ1
The straight line = ÿ 1 can be written in the form = + 1 and therefore its slope is
ÿ
= 1 ÿ . Therefore the answer is wrong.

ÿ3 2
The area of the triangle is equal 4 . Since the triangle is double sided, we deduce that the answer
to is wrong.
40
2 2 2 2 2 2
Being ÿ 0 and = 0 immediately
ÿ 0, the condition
implies = 0 and = 0.
+
Therefore the = 0 and = 0, from which it follows
answer is right.
Per = 2
OK:
(cos( ) + sin( ))| = 2
= 0 + 1 ÿ 0.

Number 30 is not prime. Therefore the answer is wrong.

For example, = 1 satisfies the equation. Therefore the answer is wrong.

The intersection of with 2 is the point (0,0), that of 1 1 with 3 is the point (7,0), that of 2 with
7 14
3
is the point ( 3 , 3 ) . So the triangle is in the first quadrant (see figure) and has for
base is the axis segment delimited by the points (0,0) and (7,0). Its interior points satisfy the
conditions:
0 < < 7, 0 < < 2 ,
0 < < ÿ + 7.
41
7 14
( 3, 3)
(3, 3)
3
(0,0)
(7,0)
Point (3, 3) satisfies all three conditions. Therefore the answer is right.
Called the edge of the cube, the radius of the inscribed sphere is = 2 . If one makes use of the formulas for
calculating the volumes of the two solids, one deduces that the answer is wrong.
OK:
1 5
2 2+1
2 2 2
2ÿ ÿ
= 1.
= = =
5 5 5 5
2 2 2 2
So:
ÿÿÿ 2ÿ
log 5 = log ÿ1 = log 1 = 0. ÿ
2

Observing that in 18 years the ages of Luigi's two children will be 33 and 29, we deduce that the
answer is wrong.
If one makes use of the properties of powers with the same base, one deduces that the answer is
42
Question 22
Luigi has two children aged 15 and 11. In 18 years his age will be equal to the sum of the ages of his
children. How old is Luigi today?
A. 30 ÿ page 26 ÿ page
B. can not be said C. 52 42 ÿ page 51 ÿ
page 50 ÿ page 67
D. 26
E. 44
The degree of a polynomial in the variable is the maximum degree of the monomials that compose it (evidently the
coefficient of the monomial of maximum degree is not zero). The sum of polynomials of degree 3 is a polynomial that
contains monomials that are at most of third degree. Therefore the answer is wrong.
The amount of paint to tint the considered solids is proportional to the total surface area. The total surface area of a
cylinder of radius 1 meter and height 1 meter is:
cylinder = (2 + 2 ) m2 = 4 m2 .
cylinder > cube.
The intersection of with 2 is the point (0,0), that of 1 with 3 is the point (7,0), that of 1 is 2 with 3
7 14
the point 3 , 3 ) . Thus the assigned triangle is in the first quadrant and has one side on the axis
.
( The point (1, ÿ 3) does not belong to the first quadrant. Therefore the answer is wrong.
43
Question 23
In a Cartesian plane, which of the following lines is parallel to the line passing through the points
of coordinates (1, 0) and (0,1)?
A. 2 + 3 = 0 ÿ page 85
B. = ÿ 1 ÿ page 40
C. = 2 ÿ page 85
D. + = 3 ÿ page 59
E. = 1 ÿ page 76

2
The function ÿ 3| | + 2 is an even function that does not vanish when = 0. It follows that, if the
equation admits one solution, it also admits another (its opposite). So the solutions
they are even in number. Therefore the answer is wrong.
For = holds:
(cos( ) + sin( ))| = = ÿ1 + 0 ÿ 0.


1
The solid obtained is a sphere of radius 1 cm from which a sphere of radius has been removed. By 2
cm.
worth <2< , so cos 2 < 0. Therefore the answer is wrong.

2
44
Question 24
The inequality cos + sin ÿ ÿ2 holds in the interval 0 ÿ ÿ 2 for:
A. each ÿ page 71
B. = ÿ 4 ÿ page 60
C. at least one value of such that << ÿ page 15
2
D. = 4 ÿ page 68
E. none ÿ page 34
The equation of a circle with center ( 0 , 0 ) and radius is
(ÿ
2
+(ÿ
2
= 2
.
0) 0)
2 2 2
The equation ÿ3 2 + ÿ3 2 ÿ 2 ÿ 2 = 0 is equivalent to the equation 2+ ÿ ÿ
= 0,
ÿ3 ÿ3
2 2
ÿ
2
= 0. It follows
2
= 2
or ( ÿ 1 ÿ3)
3 3, that is = ÿ 2 3 . Therefore the answer is
+ ( ÿ 1 ÿ3)
right.
2
( ÿ 1)2 + ( ÿ 1)2 =
2
The equation 2 + ÿ 2 ÿ 2 + 1 = 0 can be written as ( ÿ 1)2 + ( ÿ 1)2 = 1. Therefore it
represents the circumference with center C and radius 1 and this circumference is evidently tangent
on the axis of . Therefore the answer is right.
It is easy to verify that, for example, = 0 also satisfies the proposed equation. Therefore the
answer is wrong.
45
Question 25
2 2
If and are real numbers such that + = 0 then it can be concluded that it certainly is:
A. > ÿ page 40
B. < ÿ1 ÿ page 26
C. + = 1 ÿ page 19
D. + = 0 ÿ page 41
AND. >0 ÿ page 83
The sum of the interior angles of a regular or non-regular polygon having sides is equal to ( ÿ2)
flat corners. Therefore the answer is wrong.
For example, if = ÿ2 < ÿ1, then:
+3 ÿ2 + 3 1
= = < 2.
+1 |
=ÿ2 ÿ2 + 1 ÿ1

answer is wrong.
46
Question 26
The prime factorization of the number 3013 is: A. 2 153 127 13 B. 2 133
135 13 C. 3013 D. ÿ page 12 ÿ page

6 135 13 E. 49 ÿ page 41 ÿ
impossible page 66 ÿ page
26
Let e, respectively, be the length and radius of the circumference, and let e, respectively, be the
perimeter and side of the triangle. Since the side of the triangle is a chord of the circumference which
2
subtends an angle at the center equal to = 3 , by the chord theorem it holds:
ÿ = 2 sin 2 = 2 sin 3 = ÿ3 .
He follows:
= =
2
=
2
=
2ÿ3 .
2 3ÿ 9
3ÿ3 3ÿ3
Observing that a side of the parallelogram forms a triangle with half of each diagonal, we have that each
side measures less than the half-sum of the lengths of the diagonals. So the perimeter is smaller than
twice the sum of the lengths of the diagonals. In other words, the sum of the lengths of the diagonals is
greater than . Therefore the answer is wrong. ÿ to question 14 on page 28
The distance of a point from a line is always nonnegative.

47
Question 27
3 2
Given any positive real number , then log( ) ÿ log( ) is equal to
5
A. log( B. ) ÿ page 39
3 2
log( C. )/log( ) ÿ page 63
log( ) ÿ page 48
D. 0 ÿ page 32
3 2
E.log( ÿ page 16
ÿ
Using the properties of the logarithm, we have:

3 2
log( ) ÿ log( ) = 3 log( ) ÿ 2 log( ) = log( )

To compare two numbers you can make the ratio and check if it is equal to 1. Using the
properties of powers we have:
1/4
15/4
( 81 ÿ64) 3 2
= = 2(15/4)ÿ(3/4)ÿ3 = 1.
24 2 3/4 23ÿ3
8 5/4

second degree
2 ÿ + 1 = 0.
2
The discriminant of the previous equation is ÿ = the ÿ 4 and, if = ÿ1, then ÿ = ÿ3 > 0. Hence
equation has no solutions. Therefore the answer is wrong.
48
Question 28
Given two concentric spheres of radius 1 and (with < 1) what value must it assume so that
Is the volume outside the smaller sphere half the volume of the larger sphere?
1
A. = ÿ3 ÿ page 28
1
B. = 3ÿ3 ÿ page 25
1
C. = 3ÿ2 ÿ page 22
1
D. = 2 1 ÿ page 62
E. = ÿ page 36
ÿ2

Since the prime factorization of the number 30 is 30 = 2 ÿ 3 ÿ 5, it holds
3013 = (2 ÿ 3 ÿ 5)13 = 213 ÿ 313 ÿ 513 .

49
The inequality does not hold for = ÿ5. Therefore the answer is wrong.
The considered polynomial is an even function and therefore, if the equation admits a positive solution, it also
admits a negative one (its opposite). Therefore the answer is wrong.
The rectangle that has two sides coinciding with two parallel sides of the hexagon is contained in the hexagon
and therefore in the circle circumscribed by it. Therefore the answer is wrong. ÿ to question 29 on
page 52
Observing that in 18 years the ages of Luigi's two children will be 33 and 29, we deduce that the answer is
wrong.
It suffices to observe that = ÿ1 ÿ 1 the inequality loses its meaning and therefore this value cannot be a
solution. Therefore the answer is wrong.
If sphere and cube are, respectively, the volume of the sphere and of the cube, since the sphere is contained in the cube, the
following holds:
ball < 1.
cube
4
On the other hand 3
50
powers, we have:
1/4
( 81 ÿ64) 632=
= 26ÿ(3/4)ÿ3 = 29/4 ÿ 1. 2 3/4 2 3 ÿ 3
24
64

Observing that in 18 years the ages of Luigi's two children will be 33 and 29, we deduce that the answer is
wrong.
OK:
(10 ÿ ÿ2) = log10(10 ÿ ÿ2).
Using the power properties, we have:

1/3 1/3 1/3
20
7
(3 + 320 + 320) ( 3 ÿ 320) ( 3 21) 3
= = = = 3.
36 36 36
(33) 2

The amount of asphalt required is proportional to the area of the square. If we use the formula for
calculating the area of a circle, we deduce that the answer is wrong.
51
Question 29
Given a regular hexagon of side two the area of the rectangle that has two sides coincident with
,
parallel sides of the hexagon is equal to:
A. 2ÿ2 2 B. ÿ page 12
ÿ3 2 C. that ÿ page 39
of the circle circumscribed by the hexagon D. 2 ÿ page 50
2
ÿ page 15
E. that of the circle inscribed in the hexagon ÿ page 22
Place = 2 2
, the equation becomes + 3 ÿ 4 = 0. If we use the solution formula of the equations of
second degree, it is deduced that the answer is wrong.
The number 98 is even and not prime, so it does not belong to . Therefore the answer is wrong.
If sphere and cube are, respectively, the volume of the sphere and the cube, since the sphere is contained
in the cube it is:
ball < 1.
cube
2
On the other hand 3
52
Question 30
1
The + equation = , with non-zero real, admits one and only one solution if
A. = 1 ÿ page 22 ÿ
B. = 3 page 24 ÿ page
C. = ÿ3 32 ÿ page 48 ÿ
D. = ÿ1 page 72
E. = 2
It is about calculating the number of subsets of 4 athletes that can be formed by the set of 6 rowers.
If one makes use of the properties of the logarithm and powers, one deduces that the answer is wrong.
If we remember that the equation of a circle with center ( 0 , 0 ) and radius is
2 2 2
(ÿ +(ÿ =
0) 0) ,
it turns out that the answer is wrong.

Using the properties of powers, we have:
+1
2ÿ2 2
= = 1.
2 +1
ÿ4 +1

53
The relation holds:

( ÿ 2) = ( ÿ 2)2 ÿ ( ÿ 2)3 .
of the 6 oarsmen. Therefore the answer is wrong.
Since the function is 2

ÿ 3| | + 2 is an even function that doesn't vanish for = 0, just study
the equation for > 0, i.e.:
2
ÿ 3 + 2 = 0, > 0.
Using the formula for resolving quadratic equations, the solutions of the previous equation are 1 = 2, both
positive. So the solutions
= 1 and of the proposed equation are
2 the numbers just found and their opposites:
1
= 1, 2 = 2, = ÿ1 and 3 4
= ÿ2.

For values of such that sin ÿ 0 the given equation is equivalent to
sin2 = 1.
It's easy to recognize that one of the other answers is right. Therefore the answer is wrong.
54
powers, we have:
1/4
1/2
( 81 ÿ64) 3 2
= = 2(1/2)ÿ(3/4) = 2ÿ1/4 ÿ 1.
3 2 3/4 3
ÿ2

ÿ3 2
The area of the triangle is equal 4
. Since the triangle is double sided, we deduce that the answer
to is wrong.
For = holds: 4
=
ÿ2 ÿ2
(cos( ) + sin( ))| = + ÿ 0.
4 2 2

The amount of paint to tint the considered solids is proportional to the total surface area. We summarize
the values obtained for each solid in a table.
55
Question 31
From the semicircle with diameter = 2 cm and center the semicircle with diameter is removed
. The figure thus obtained is rotated around with a turn of 360ÿ . The volume of
obtained solid is
25
A. cm3 ÿ page 11
3
7
B. cm3 ÿ page 65
6
5
C. cm3 ÿ page 44
6
D. 4 cm3 28 ÿ page 18
AND. cm3 ÿ page 60
3
Solid Total surface area

1
cone 1 meter high Pussy
=( 2 2 ÿ2 + ) m2
and base with a radius of 1 metre
= (ÿ2 + 1) m2
sphere of radius 1 meter ball = 4 m2
cube with side 1 meter cube = 6 m2
ÿ3
tetrahedron with side 1 me tetrahedron =4ÿ m2 = ÿ3 m2
4
believe
cylinder with a radius of 1 cylinder = (2 + 2 ) m2 = 4 m2

m and a height of 1 m
Observed that 4 > (ÿ2 + 1) > 2 ÿ 3 = 6 > ÿ3, it holds:
=
ball cylinder > Pussy > cube > tetrahedron.

56
Question 32
All other conditions being equal (material, roughness, state of cleanliness, etc.) you need less amount
of paint to tint:
A. a cone (circular right) 1 meter high and base with radius 1 meter ÿ page 25 B. a sphere with radius
1 meter ÿ page 65 C. a cube with side 1 meter ÿ page 64 D. a pyramid having all faces that are
equilateral triangles (tetrahedron) with side 1 ÿ page 55 E. a cylinder (circular right) with radius 1
meter and height 1 meter ÿ page 43

metro
OK:
3 ÿ3 ÿ3
(ÿ3 sin2 + ÿ3 cos2 ÿ 2 sin )| = = ÿ3 + ÿ2 = 0.
3 4 4 2
Thus = using 3 is solution of the equation. It is also unique in the interval 0 ÿ ÿ 2 Why,
the equality sin2 + cos2 = 1, the equation is equivalent to
ÿ3
sin = .

1ÿ0
= = 1. 1
ÿ0
The midpoint of the segment 2,

is = ( 1 1 2) . If one makes use of the axis definition of a
It is about calculating the number of subsets of 4 athletes that can be formed by the set of 6 rowers. Therefore
the answer is wrong.
57
Question 33
2 2
The 12 A ÿ 18 is divisible by
polynomial . ÿ6( ÿ ) ÿ page 81

B. ÿ2 ÿ ÿ3 ÿ page 60
C. 12 + 18 ÿ page 83
D. 12 ÿ 18 ÿ page 20
E. ÿ ÿ page 69
For example, if = 0, the inequality is not verified. Therefore the answer is wrong.

2 2 2
(ÿ +(ÿ = ,
0) 0)

58
Question 34
2
The equation ÿ3| | + 2 = 0 ha:
A. four solutions B. ÿ page 54

three solutions ÿ page 44
C. two solutions ÿ page 34
D. only one solution ÿ page 79
E. no solution ÿ page 41
1ÿ0
= = ÿ1.
0ÿ1
The straight line + = 3 can be written in the form = ÿ + 3 and therefore its slope
is = ÿ1 = . Since the slope coefficients are equal, it follows that the lines considered are
ÿ
parallel. Therefore the answer is right.

OK:
(10 ÿ ÿ2) = log10(10 ÿ ÿ2).
For example, if = 2 ÿ 1, then:
+3 2+3 5
= = < 2.
+1 |
=2 2+1 3

59
Question 35
2 3
With ( ) = ÿ
, then ( ÿ 2) holds
2
A. ÿ
3+2 ÿ page 20
B. (3 ÿ )( ÿ 2)2 C. ÿ page 34
none of the other answers 3 D. ÿ 2 ÿ page 80
2 ÿ
ÿ page 54
AND. 2ÿ2ÿ 3+2 ÿ page 63
Recall that a polynomial is divisible by a second polynomial if there is a third polynomial

which multiplied by the second gives the starting polynomial as a result. Valid:
2 2
12 2 ÿ 18 = 6(2 2ÿ3 ) = 6(ÿ2 + ÿ3 )(ÿ2 ÿ ÿ3 ).

The solid obtained is a sphere of radius 1 cm from which a sphere of radius has been removed. By
1
cm.
2
For example, if = 3, the equation becomes sin( ) = ÿ1, but, for 0 ÿ ÿ it assumes all , the sin( ) function
ÿ2 ÿ2
Vale cos (ÿ 4 ) + sin (ÿ 4 ) = 2
ÿ
2
= 0. Therefore the answer is wrong.
60
Question 36
In the Cartesian plane the equation
2+ 2+4= ,
with positive real number, it is:
A. the equation of a circle with center (ÿ2,0) and radius ÿ + 4 ÿ page 61

B. the equation of a circle with center (0, ÿ 4) and radius ÿ + 2 ÿ page 21
C. the equation of a circle with center at the origin and radius ÿ ÿ page 33
D. the equation of a circle with center (ÿ4,0) and radius ÿ + 2 ÿ page 38
E. the equation of a circle with center (0, ÿ 2) and radius ÿ + 4 ÿ page 83
The equation of a circle with center (ÿ2.0) and radius = ÿ + 4 is:
( + 2)2 +
2
= 2
ÿ 2+ 2 + 4 + 4 = + 4.
The previous equation coincides with the assigned one. Therefore the answer is right.
If one makes use of the properties of powers with the same base, one deduces that the answer is wrong.
For example, if = 0, the inequality is not verified. Therefore the answer is wrong.
For example, the point (0,2) is different from the point (ÿ1,2), but it is not such that ÿ 2. Therefore the answer
it's wrong.
61
Question 37
The following expression:

1/3
20
(3 + 320 + 320)
(33) 2
OK
2 A. 3 ÿ page 72 ÿ page
B. 1 36 ÿ page 51
C. 3
1
D. ÿ page 81
3
1
AND.
ÿ page 66
9
Called the edge of the cube, the radius of the inscribed sphere is = /2. Therefore the volume of the cube
3 4 3 3
= , that
is equal to cube of the sphere is equal to sphere .=It follows:
=
3 6
ball =
6
= .
3
6
cube

The volume of the part outside the smaller sphere is half the volume of the larger sphere if and only if the
volume of the smaller sphere is half the volume of the larger sphere. By calculating the volumes of the two
spheres, it can be deduced that the answer is wrong.
The students who passed the exam on the first session represent a fraction of the total , therefore the of the
students who remain after the first session are i who passed the exam
70
100
10 70 × 100 100 7
on the second session they are a fraction of the total equal to Therefore the answer is =
100 .
wrong.
62
Question 38
A sphere is inscribed in a cube; The ratio of the volume of the sphere to that of the cube is:
A. /4 ÿ page 42 ÿ page
B. /6 62 ÿ page 52 ÿ
C. 2 /3 page 50 ÿ page
D. 4 /3 17
AND. /2
OK:
( ÿ 2) = ( ÿ 2)2 ÿ ( ÿ 2)3 .
OK:
(10 ÿ ÿ2) = log10(10 ÿ ÿ2) = log10(10) + log10( ÿ2) =
= 1 ÿ 2 log10 = 1 ÿ 2 ( ).

The intersection of with 2 is the point (0,0), that of 1 with 3 is the point (7,0), that of 1 is 2 with 3
7 14
the point ( 33 ), . Therefore the assigned triangle is located in the first quadrant and has one side on the axis It is
.
easy to verify that the point (4,4) is not inside the triangle which has vertices (0,0), (7,0) and
7 14
( 3, 3 ) . Therefore the answer is wrong.
63
Question 39
With respect to a Cartesian reference system orthogonal from the different points on the plane
point (ÿ1,2) there are all and only the points ( ) such that:
,
A. ÿ 2 B. ÿ ÿ page 61 ÿ page
ÿ2 C. ÿ ÿ1 D. 84 ÿ page 31 ÿ
ÿ ÿ1 or ÿ 2 E. page 16 ÿ page
ÿ ÿ1 and ÿ 2 84
The degree of a polynomial in the variable is the maximum degree of the monomials that compose it (evidently
the coefficient of the monomial of maximum degree is not zero). The sum of polynomials of degree 3 is a
polynomial that contains monomials that are at most of third degree. Therefore the answer is wrong.
The amount of paint to tint the considered solids is proportional to the total surface area. The total surface area
of a cube with side 1 meter is:
= 6 m2 .
cube
Comparing it, for example, with that of the tetrahedron, tetrahedron, the following holds:
cube > tetrahedron.

1ÿ0
= = 1. 1 ÿ
0

64
Question 40
In a Cartesian plane, the circle with center of coordinates (1,1) is tangent to the axis
of the has equation
A. 2+ 2+2+2=2
ÿ page 37
B. 2+ 2ÿ2+2=0 ÿ page 74
C. 2+ 2ÿ2ÿ2+1=0 ÿ page 45
D. 2+ 2ÿ2ÿ2=0 ÿ page 10
AND. 2+ 2ÿ2ÿ2=1 ÿ page 85
The amount of paint to tint the considered solids is proportional to the surface area
total. The total surface area of a sphere of radius 1 meter is:
ball = 4 m2 .
sphere > cube.

The solid obtained is a sphere of radius 1 cm from which a sphere of radius volume è has 2
cm. His
been removed
4 1 4 1
13 ÿ
3 3 ( 2 ) 2 )
=(4 3 ) cm3 = 3(1ÿ( 3 ) cm3 =
4 7 7
= × cm3 = cm3 .
3 8 6

65
Question 41
Let be the set of odd or prime positive integers. Then it is true that:
A. 12 ÿ ÿ page 23 ÿ
B. 98 ÿ page 52 ÿ page
C. 13 ÿ 20 ÿ page 19 ÿ
D. 2 ÿ page 84
E. 3 ÿ
worth < 2 < . Therefore the answer is wrong.

2
If one makes use of the properties of powers with the same base, one deduces that the answer is wrong.
Number 6 is not prime. Therefore the answer is wrong.

The sum of the interior angles of a polygon, regular or non-regular, having sides is equal to (ÿ2) straight
angles. Thus, the sum of the interior angles of a hexagon is equal to 4 radians. Therefore the answer is
right.
66
Question 42
The equation ÿ 2 ÿ = 0 is verified
A. only for = ÿ1 B. ÿ page 29

only for ÿ 0 C. only ÿ page 11
for = 0 D. only for = ÿ page 14
1 E. for every real ÿ page 45
value of ÿ page 18
(ÿ
2
+(ÿ
2 = 2
0) 0) ,

In 18 years the ages of Luigi's two children will be 33 and 29. So Luigi's age will be (33+29)
years, i.e. 62 years. It can be deduced that today Luigi is (62-18) years old, that is 44 years old. Therefore the answer
it's right.

2
67
Question 43
Which of the following equalities holds whatever the real numbers and ?
+ 2ÿ 2
A. 3 3ÿ =3 ÿ page 66
+ 2
B. 3 3ÿ
= (3 ) ÿ page 80
2 2
+
C. 3 3ÿ =3 ÿ3 ÿ page 42
2
+
D. 3 3ÿ =3 ÿ page 61
+
E. 3 3ÿ
= 3 (3 3 ÿ ) ÿ page 20
(ÿ1,0) 2
3
(0,ÿ1)
1

For example, the inequality 3ÿ 3 + 8 < 0 is not satisfied for = 0 < 1. Therefore the answer
it's wrong.
ÿ2 ÿ2
Vale cos ( 4 ) + sin ( 4 ) = 2
+ 2 = ÿ2. Therefore the answer is right.
For values of such that sin ÿ 0 the given equation is equivalent to
sin2 = 1 ÿ sin = ±1.
So the solutions are = 2

+ , for any integer value of . Therefore the answer is right.
68
Question 44
How many points are there in the Cartesian plane , ) for which all three are verified
( following conditions?
2
( + )2 = 1, 2+ = 1, + ÿ 0
A. One ÿ page 75
B. Due ÿ page 13
C. Infinite ÿ page 67
Q. None ÿ page 82
E. Four ÿ page 70
ÿ3 2
The area of the triangle is equal 4 . Since the triangle is double sided, we deduce that the answer
to is wrong.
Recalling that a polynomial is divisible by a second polynomial if there exists a third polynomial which
multiplied by the second gives the starting polynomial as a result, we deduce that the
answer is wrong.
69
Question 45
The solutions of the trigonometric equation

1
sin =
sin
I am
A. = /2 + , for any integer value of ÿ page 68

B. none of the other answers C. ÿ page 54
= /2, for any integer value of , for any ÿ page 40
+ 2 , for any integer value of D. = 3 /2 ÿ page 14
E. = /2 + 2 integer value of ÿ page 33

2
(ÿ1,0) 2
3
(0,ÿ1)
1

70
Question 46
Let be a square with side ÿ, 1

the circumscribed circle a 2 the circle inscribed in , . The
ratio of the surface area of 1 and the surface area of 2

OK
A. 4 ÿ page 38
B. 2 ÿ page 76
C. ÿ2 ÿ page 29
D. varies as ÿ varies ÿ page 31
E. 2ÿ2 ÿ page 37
Per < < 3

sin < 0 and cos < 0. Therefore the answer is wrong.
2
So:
ÿ
area( ) = 2 ÿ area( )=2ÿ

=ÿ .
If = 4 cm, making use of the Pythagorean theorem, one can calculate it is and deduce that the answer
wrong.
71
Question 47
be an isosceles right triangle. Then the sum of the cosines of the interior angles of
is equal to
B. 1 29 ÿ page 40 ÿ
C. ÿ3 D. page 76 ÿ page
1 + ÿ2 E. ÿ2 81
OK:
(ÿ3 sin2 + ÿ3 cos2 ÿ 2 sin )| = = ÿ3 ÿ 2 ÿ 0.
2

The solutions of the considered equation must be numbers ÿ 0 which satisfy the quadratic equation
2 ÿ + 1 = 0.
The discriminant of the previous equation is ÿ = 2ÿ4 and, if = 2, it is worth ÿ = 0. Therefore the equation
admits the only solution = 2. Therefore the answer is correct.
72
Question 48
From a point outside a circumference with center and radius of 1 cm, the tangents to this
circumference are drawn which meet it at the points and . The area of the polygon is ÿ3 cm2 if
the distance from is
A. 3 cm ÿ page ÿ 9
B. 2 cm page 36 ÿ page
C. 4 cm 71
ÿ3
D. cm ÿ page 21
2
3
AND. cm ÿ page 10
2
powers, we have:
1/4
3/2
( 81 ÿ64) 3 2
= = 2(3/2)ÿ(3/4) = 23/4 ÿ 1.
3 2 3/4 3
2ÿ2

If we observe that a diagonal forms a triangle with two consecutive sides of the parallelogram, we deduce
73
Question 49
+3
The set of solutions of the inequality +1
ÿ 2 consists of all real numbers
such that
A. ÿ1 < ÿ 2 ÿ 1 C. ÿ page 83
B. ÿ1 ÿ page 50
ÿ page 59
D. < ÿ1 ÿ page 46
E. ÿ1 < ÿ 1 ÿ page 16
2
( ÿ 1)2 + ( ÿ 1)2 =
2
2+ ÿ 2 + 2 = 0 can be written as ( ÿ 1)2 + ( + 1)2 = 2. Therefore the answer
The equation
is wrong.
of the 6 oarsmen. This number is equal to
6 6! 5ÿ6
= = 15.
( 4 )= 4! (6 ÿ 4)! 2


74
Item 50
For 0 ÿ ÿ /2, the equation ÿ3 sin2 + ÿ3 cos2 ÿ 2 sin = 0 has a solution

A. = /3 ÿ page 57
B. = /6 ÿ page 19
C. = /4 ÿ page 79
D. = 0 ÿ page 30
E. = /2 ÿ page 72
For example, if = 3, the equation becomes sin( ) = ÿ1, but, for 0 ÿ ÿ it assumes , the sin( ) function
all and only the values between 0 and 1. Therefore the answer is wrong.

2 2
(2) + = 1 circle with center at the origin and radius 1
(ÿ1,0) 2
3
(0,ÿ1)
1
75
Question 51
A rational number between ÿ5 and ÿ8 is:
A. 2,52 B. ÿ page 37 ÿ page

1,98 C. 27 ÿ page 35 ÿ
3,01 page 39
D. (ÿ5 ÿ ÿ8) /2 E. (ÿ5

+ ÿ8)/2 ÿ page 20

We observe that the diagonal of = ÿ2 ÿ. The circle has radius 2 1 has radius 1 = while the circle 2 ,
ÿ
= The required ratio is:
2 2.
area( 1 ) ( 2 ) 2 ÿ2 ÿ2
= = = 2.
2
area( 2 ) ÿ
( 2 )

1ÿ0
= = ÿ1. 0
ÿ1
The line = 1 is a horizontal line. Therefore the answer is wrong.

Recalling that the sum of the internal angles of a triangle is equal to a straight angle, we deduce that the
answer is wrong.
76
Question 52
30 % of students enrolled in a university course passed the exam related to the course
on the first call. If, of the remaining enrolled students, 10% pass the exam on the second session,
students who have yet to pass the exam after the first two sessions will be:
A. 37% of the total number of students enrolled in the course ÿ page 84
B. 63% of the total number of students enrolled in the course ÿ page 77
C. 70% of the total number of students enrolled in the course ÿ page 39
D. 60% of the total number of students enrolled in the course ÿ page 10
E. 40% of the total number of students enrolled in the course ÿ page 62
total, therefore the students who remain after the first session are those who
70
100 of the total. The students
100
10 70 7
passed the exam in the second session are a fraction of the total equal to Therefore the × =
100 100 100 .
students who have yet to pass the exam after the second session are a fraction
30 7 63
of the total equal to 1 ÿ 100 =
100 . Therefore the answer is right.
ÿ
100
ÿ on page 87
OK:
(10 ÿ ÿ2) = log10(10 ÿ ÿ2).
If it is a real number, then:

4
+ 5 ÿ 5 > 0.
So the inequality never occurred. Therefore the answer is right.

77
Question 53
The expression
log10 3ÿ 2 + 1 ÿ log10 1000
OK:
1000( 2+1)
A. log10 3
ÿ page 31
2
B. log10( C. + 1) ÿ page 12
log10 3ÿ 2 + 1 + log10 1000 3 log10[1000( E. ÿ page 23

2
D. 1
+ 1)] ÿ page 41
log10(1000 3ÿ 2
+ 1) ÿ page 49
for centers it contains the point of tangency between the circles. Therefore, said the center of is internal to , with
and is different from considering the straight line passing through and in two points,
, this line intersects ,
which are the points through which the two circumferences of center tangent to pass.
worth <2< , so sin 2 > 0 and cos 2 < 0. Therefore the answer is wrong.
2
Recalling that, for every ÿ ÿ, we have sin2 + cos2 = 1 and sin 2 = 2 sin cos , OK:
2 2 2
ÿ 2 sin cos =
( sin 12 ÿ cos 12) = ( sin 12) + ( cos 12) 12 12
1 1
= 1 ÿ sin 6 =1ÿ = .
2 2

worth < 2 < . Therefore the answer is wrong.

2
78
Question 54
The expression
2
( sin 12 ÿ cos 12)
is also equal to: A.
1 ÿ ÿ3/2 ÿ page 30 ÿ page

B. 3/2 35
C. 1 ÿ ÿ2/2 ÿ page 17 ÿ page
D. 1/2 78 ÿ page 46
E.1 _
OK:
1 1 ÿ2
(ÿ3 sin2 + ÿ3 cos2 ÿ 2 sin )| = = ÿ3 + ÿ3 ÿ2 ÿ 0.
4 2 2 2

If we use the remainder theorem, we deduce that the answer is wrong. ÿ to

The side of the triangle is a chord of the circumference which subtends an angle at the center equal to = If 23.
one makes use of the chord theorem, one deduces that the answer is wrong. ÿ to
2
The function ÿ 3| | + 2 is an even function that does not vanish when = 0. It follows that, if the equation admits
one solution, it also admits another (its opposite). So the solutions are in even number. Therefore the answer
is wrong.
79
Question 55
A team of workers has to asphalt a circular lay-by. Arriving on site, she discovers that the square has a
double diameter than expected. How much asphalt is needed, compared to the budgeted one?
A. You cannot answer unless you know either the predicted or the actual radius ÿ page 35 ÿ
page 32 ÿ page
2
B. A quantity C. times that expected 51 ÿ page 33 ÿ
Double D. page 38
Quadruple E. Twice
the expected quantity
OK:
( ÿ 2) = ( ÿ 2)2 ÿ ( ÿ 2)3 .
2 2 2
(ÿ 0) +(ÿ 0)
= ,

Using the properties of powers with the same base, we have:
+ ++ÿ 2
3 3ÿ =3 = 32 = (3 ) .

80
Question 56
With respect to an orthogonal Cartesian reference system of equation ÿ3 2 + ÿ3 , the circumference is given
2 ÿ 2 ÿ 2 = 0. Then its radius is: A. ÿ2/3
ÿ page 45 ÿ page
B. 3 58 ÿ page 80 ÿ
C. ÿ3 page 53 ÿ page
D. 1 67
E. 2
Recalling that a polynomial is divisible by a second polynomial if there is a third polynomial that multiplied
by the second gives the starting polynomial as a result, we deduce that the answer is wrong.
Recalling that the sum of the internal angles of a triangle is equal to a straight angle, the measure of the other two internal angles
(which are equal) is obtained by calculating (180ÿ ÿ 90ÿ )/2 = 45ÿ . So the sum of the cosines of the interior angles of is equal to
ÿ2 ÿ2
cos 90ÿ + cos 45ÿ + cos 45ÿ = 0 + + = ÿ2
2 2

81

2
(ÿ1,0) 2
3
(0,ÿ1)
1

For = 0 the following holds:
(cos( ) + sin( ))| =0 = 1 + 0 ÿ 0.

The considered polynomial is an even function and therefore, if the equation admits a solution
negative, it also admits a positive one (its opposite). Therefore the answer is wrong.
82
The equation of a circle with center (0, ÿ 2) and radius = ÿ + 4 is:
2
+ ( + 2)2 =
2
ÿ 2+ 2 + 4 + 4 = + 4.
1ÿ0
= = 1. 1
ÿ0

Two circles with distinct centers are mutually tangent if and only if the line passing through the centers
contains the point of tangency between the circles. Therefore the answer is wrong.
Recalling that a polynomial is divisible by a second polynomial if there is a third polynomial that multiplied by
the second gives the starting polynomial as a result, we deduce that the answer is wrong.
For example, if = 2, then:

+3 2+3 5
= = < 2.
+1 |
=2 2+1 3

The numbers = 0 and = 0 satisfy 2

+
2
= 0, but not valid > . Therefore the answer is wrong. ÿ to
83
For example, the point (ÿ1,0) is different from the point (ÿ1,2), but is not such that ÿ ÿ1 and ÿ 2. Therefore
total, therefore the students who remain after the first session are i who
70
100
10 70 7
passed the exam in the second session they are a fraction of the total equal to Therefore100 100× =
100 .
For example, the point (1, ÿ 2) is different from the point (ÿ1,2), but it is not such that ÿ ÿ2. Therefore the
answer is wrong.
ÿ3 2
The area of the triangle is equal 4
. Since the triangle is double sided, we deduce that the answer
to is wrong.
For example, the inequality 3ÿ 3 + 8 < 0 is not satisfied for = answer is wrong. ÿ3 < ÿ1. Therefore the
2
The remainder theorem states that the remainder of the proposed division is obtained by evaluating the polynomial
per = ÿ1:
4
rest = ( 5ÿ3 + 3)| =ÿ1 = ÿ1.

The number 3 is odd, so it belongs to . Therefore the answer is wrong.

84
Question 57
For which of the following values of does cos( ) + sin( ) = 0 hold?

A. = ÿ page 55
4
B. = 0 ÿ page 82
C. = ÿ page 44
D. = ÿ page 41
2
3
E. = ÿ page 35
4
1ÿ0
= = ÿ1.
0ÿ1
ÿ2
The straight line 2 + 3 = 0 can be written in the form 3 and hence its slope
ÿ
ÿ2
= è ÿ=. Therefore
3 the answer is wrong.
1ÿ0
= = ÿ1.
0ÿ1
The line = 2 is a vertical line. Therefore the answer is wrong.

2
( ÿ 1)2 + ( ÿ 1)2 =
2
The equation 2+ ÿ 2 ÿ 2 = 1 can be written as ( ÿ 1)2 + ( ÿ 1)2 = 3. Therefore it
represents the circle with center C and radius ÿ3 and this circle is not tangent to the axis
from the . Therefore the answer is wrong.
85
Question 58
Both a circle and a point in the interior plane a are the circles , different from the center. How much it is
of center tangent to ?
A. 4 ÿ page 65
B. 0 ÿ page 83
C. 1 ÿ page 37
D. 2 ÿ page 78
E. 3 ÿ page 22
Question 59
Given a positive real number and set ( ) = log10 , if has (10 ÿ ÿ2) =
1
A. ÿ page 59
()
B. 2 ÿ 2 ( ) ÿ page 77
C. 1 ÿ 2 ( ) 1 ÿ page 63
D. ÿ page 51
2()
E. ÿ2 ( ) ÿ page 11
Question 60
With respect to an orthogonal Cartesian reference system the distance of the point of
coordinates (ÿ4, 2) from the straight line with equation = 2 is:
A. ÿ2 ÿ page 47
B. 2 ÿ page 30
C. ÿ6 ÿ page 23
D. 6 ÿ page 33
E. 4 ÿ page 32
86
Mathematics 2
Go to the page containing the question to

start reading this section of the mentor,
as indicated in the box below.

Question 61
sin( )
For which of the following values of does one have sin ( 3 ) = 3
A. = ÿ page 118 ÿ
3 B. = 3 page 89 ÿ page
C. = 2 114 ÿ page 100
D. =
6
E. = ÿ page 101
2
The set of 100 people can be seen as the union of the following four pairwise disjoint subsets:
= {people who speak both English and French} =

{people who speak English, but don't speak French} =
{people who speak French, but don't speak English} =
{people who speak neither English nor French}
The number of people in equals = 12, the number of people in equals = 51 ÿ 12 = 39, the number
of people in equals = 36 ÿ 12 = 24. Therefore the answer is wrong. ÿ to question 80 on
page 121
The proposed equation is a quadratic equation which can be put in the form
2 ÿ ÿ 1 = 0.
The discriminant is ÿ = 2
+ 4 and is positive for any real value of . Therefore the answer is
wrong.
88
After each replacement, the fraction of pinot remaining in the blend is calculated as follows. The fraction of
pinot before the operation is multiplied by the fraction of wine that remains in the bottle after sampling. The
added fraction is added to the value obtained. We summarize in a table the effects of the manipulations on
the wine.
Fraction of pinot
1
Initial situation
2
1 2 1 2
First replacement ×+233 =
3
23×+3 1 3
Second replacement 44 =
4

ÿ on page 132
2 2
If and are odd even of odd are odd and therefore 2 ÿ 2 is always even as a difference
and
numbers. Therefore the answer is wrong.

For = 0 the equation becomes = 1, which is the equation of a horizontal line. Therefore the answer is wrong.
If the two members of the proposed equality are evaluated for = 3 , if you have:
= sin = 0,
sin ( 3 )| =3
sin( ) =
sin(3 )
= 0, 3
3| =3
then = 3 tests for equality. Therefore the answer is right.

89
Question 62
Given in the plane are two equilateral triangles which can be freely rotated and translated
with respect to each other. Given any position of the two triangles, their portion of
overlapping surface can never be
A. a trapezoid B. ÿ page 126

a hexagon C. a ÿ page 128
rectangle D. an ÿ page 96
equilateral triangle E. a right ÿ page 91
triangle ÿ page 129
If, for example, the income of a citizen is €15,000>€10,000, he will have to pay, according to the new
system, an amount of ( 20 100 15000 + 1000) €= 4000 €, while, with the old system, it would have paid
25
cat 100 € 15,000 = € 3,750 . So the new system is less convenient. Therefore the answer
is wrong.
OK:
3 + 3 + (ÿ1) 3( + 1) + (ÿ1) (ÿ1)
= = =3+ .
+1 +1 +1
1
For example, if = 1, = 3 ÿ 2 = 2.5 < 2.99 and therefore not all numbers are greater than 2.99.
The volume of a sphere of radius is =

4 3
, while the volume of a cylinder having diameter
3
2
=
3
. OK:
of base and height is = ( 2 ) 4
4 3
3 16 1
= = =5+3 ,
3
3
4
therefore the minimum number of cylinders needed is 6. Therefore the answer is right.
90
If we use the remainder theorem, we deduce that the answer is wrong. ÿ

to question 84 on page 125
If one makes use of the equality sin2 + cos2 = 1 and of the properties of logarithms, one deduces that
If we make use of the periodicity property of the function tan(2 ÿ 5 ), we deduce that the answer is
wrong.
Aldo and Bea have two places available and therefore have two ways to arrange themselves. The
other four friends have four seats available. If the formula is used to calculate the number of
permutations of 4 people out of 4 places, one deduces that the answer is wrong.
The function cos2 ÿ cos ÿ 2 for = 0 is equal to ÿ2 and therefore = 2 is not a solution for = 0.
For example, if the triangles are arranged so that one is contained within the other, the overlapping
portion of the surface is an equilateral triangle. Therefore the answer is wrong.
If, for example, there are 20 €1 coins and 20 €2 coins, the piggy bank contains €60. Therefore the
answer is wrong.
91
Question 63
Strictly positive integers, less than 6. Knowing , ,

they are all different from each other and they are all
that their sum is 12, determine their product.
A. 60 ÿ page 94
B. 24 ÿ page 92
C. 50 ÿ page 105
D. 40 ÿ page 124
E. 30 ÿ page 117
The condition = + 1 is false for every value of . Therefore the answer is wrong.
The dots ( , ) of the set satisfy the inequality

ÿ2
> 0.
By solving this inequality, it can be deduced that the answer is wrong.

The numbers , ,are

, all different from each other and can only assume the values 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. Observing that 1
+ 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 = 15, it can be deduced that only the values 1, 2, 4, 5 (in an order
anyone). Therefore the answer is wrong.
If, for example, a citizen's income is €25,000, he will have to pay, according to the new system, an amount of
( 20 100 25,000 + 1,000) €= 6,000 €, while, with the old system, he would have paid
25
to 100 € 25,000 = € 6,250 . So the new system is more convenient. Therefore the answer is
wrong.
92
If = (0, ÿ 1/2) it is worth:

5
= ÿ5, ,
= .
=ÿ5 4 2
2 2 2
=
Verified that we have as hypotenuse +
25
=5+4,
5
. Therefore the answer is ,
4 the triangle is rectangle with
wrong.
For example, for = 0 the function ÿ 2 ÿ 1 is not defined. Therefore the answer is wrong.
If the income is in euros, a citizen will have to pay, according to the new system, an amount of
20 25
100 + 1000, whereas, under the old system, he would have paid 100 . Observing that > 25 000, yes
concludes that the answer is wrong.
For each positive integer, the proposed equation is an equation of the first degree in the variable and, highlighting the first
member, it is equivalent to the equation
1 1 2
+ÿÿÿ+ +ÿÿÿ+=2 ,
(1+ 2 )+1+
1 1
that is, set = 1 + + ÿ ÿ ÿ + > 0,

2
= 0.
So the (unique) solution of the equation is = 0 for each . Therefore the answer is right.
We introduce the notations:
= total number of coins
1
= number of €1 coins
2
= number of €2 coins.
It must count
= = 60.
1+2 , 1+2 2
93
From the previous relations we get
1 + 2( ÿ 2 + 1 ) = 60 ÿ 1 = 2 ÿ 60
2
ÿ
2 = 60 ÿ 2 = 60 ÿ .
If < 40 if you have 1 < 20 and 2 > 20. Therefore the answer is right.
The numbers
, , ,are all different from each other and can only assume the values 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. Observing
that 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 = 15, it can be deduced that only the values 1, 2, 4, 5 (in an order
2 ÿ ÿ 1 = 0.
2
The discriminant is ÿ = + 4 and is positive for any real value of . Therefore the answer is
wrong.

ÿ
If and are distinct the lines are and ÿ are not parallel because they have slope
different. Therefore the answer is wrong.
For every real number, | is worth ÿ1| ÿ 0. It follows that the solutions must satisfy the condition
1 ÿ | | ÿ 0, or ÿ1 ÿ ÿ 1. If we observe that for these values of we have | ÿ 1| = 1 ÿ it follows ,

The proposed equation can be studied in the equivalent form
sin + = 0,
and, being ( ) = sin + an odd function, it suffices to consider the values ÿ 0. If you use
from the properties of the function sin it follows that the answer is wrong.
,
94
Question 64
Let be an odd positive number and the next odd number. We have:
2 2
A. ÿ
is divisible by 16 and may not be divisible by 32 ÿ page 95

2 2
B. ÿ
it can be odd ÿ page 89

2 2
C. ÿ

2 2
D. ÿ

2 2
AND. ÿ
The function tan(2 ÿ 5 ), in the interval ÿ <<4

4, assumes all real values, therefore in this interval
there is a solution of the proposed equation. Said ÿ this solution, being the function
periodic of period = with any 2, the infinitely many values in the form ÿ are solutions of the equation +
2,
integer. Therefore the answer is right.

2
Expanding the square to the first side of the equation ( ÿ 1)2 ÿ = 0, we observe that i
2 2
coefficients of turn out to have coefficients of opposite sign. If you use the definition
It is
in circumference, it follows that the answer is wrong.

2 2
If, for example, = 1 and = 3 the answer is ÿ
= 9 ÿ 1 = 8, which is not divisible by 16. Therefore the

wrong.
4 3
The volume of a sphere of radius is = , while the volume of a cylinder having diameter
3
2 3
=
. Therefore the answer is wrong.
95
sin + = 0,
and, being ( ) = sin + an odd function, it suffices to consider the values ÿ 0. It is immediate to
observe that = 0 is a solution. Furthermore, it is valid:
0 < ÿ ÿ sin + > 0
> ÿ sin + > ÿ1 + > 0,
so there is no other solution. Therefore the answer is right.

If ÿ > 0 is a solution, sin ÿ = ÿÿ holds. On the other hand
sin(ÿ + ) = ÿ sin ÿ = ÿ,
and therefore ÿ + is a solution of the equation if and only if ÿ = ÿ(ÿ + ), ie ÿ = ÿ value is but such
2,
negative. Therefore the answer is wrong.
In general, the overlapping portion of the surface is a polygon whose sides are parts of the sides of
the equilateral triangles. To obtain a rectangle it is necessary to arrange the triangles so that one
side of one and one side of the other are parallel. With the arrangement described, any two sides
(of both triangles) are either parallel or form an angle of 60ÿ and therefore it is not possible to
obtain a rectangle. Alternatively, one can also proceed by exclusion, noting that it is possible to
arrange the triangles in such a way as to obtain a trapezoid, a hexagon, an equilateral triangle or a
right triangle (the other answers). Therefore the answer is right.
If it is income in euros, a citizen will have to pay, under the new system, an amount of + 1000,
20 25
100
while, under the old system, he would have paid 100 . If > 25 000, the difference is
negative
20 25 25 000
= 1000 ÿ < 1000 ÿ = ÿ250.
( 100 + 1000) ÿ 100 20 20

96
Question 65
In the Cartesian plane, the locus of points with coordinates ( ÿ , ) that verify the equation
2 2
(ÿ2 )( 4) = 0 is:
A. the set formed by the points of coordinates (1,ÿ2), (1, 2) ÿ page 110
B. the set consisting of the points of coordinates (1, 2), (ÿ1, 2) ÿ page 129
C. the union of a parabola and two lines D. the ÿ page 107
intersection of a hyperbola and two lines E. the ÿ page 118
intersection of a parabola and two lines ÿ page 127
Called ÿ the side of the original square, the overlapping rectangles have sides ÿ and ÿ/2. their perimeter
1
holds = 2(ÿ + ÿ/2) = 3ÿ. So ÿ = the answer 3 ÿ12 cm= 4 cm and the area of the square is 16 cm2 . Therefore
is right.

Let be the catheti of the right triangle. The cone generated by the rotation of the triangle around
ad has height and base radius . The cone generated by the rotation of the triangle around ha
base height and radius. If we calculate the volumes of the cones, we deduce that the answer is wrong.
If = (ÿ4,0) it is worth:
= ÿ5, = 5, = 2ÿ5.
2 2 2
Verified that there is = + as 25 = 5 + 20, the triangle
, is rectangle with
a hypotenuse. Therefore the answer is wrong.
97
Question 66
In a Cartesian plane we consider the equation lines
=+2+1
where is a real parameter.

Which of the following statements is true?
A. The straight lines are incidental in pairs, but there is no point common to all
ÿ page 125 ÿ
B. For = 0 we do not obtain the equation of a straight page 89 ÿ page
line C. All straight lines pass through the point (1, ÿ 2) 121 ÿ page 114
D. All straight lines pass through the point (ÿ2,1) ÿ page 94
E. The lines are parallel to each other
Let us first observe that there is not a single way to arrange the 9 squares so as to form a rectangle.
However it can be stated that the measures of the sides of the rectangle expressed in cm are whole
numbers greater than 1 (the rectangle must contain squares whose side measures 2 cm) and that the
area of the rectangle is = (2 ÿ 22 + 7 ÿ 12 ) cm2 = 15 cm2 . Since the prime factorization of 15 is 15 = 3 ÿ
5, necessarily, if a rectangle can be formed, its sides measure 3 cm and 5 cm. Different ways to construct
a rectangle with the dimensions found are illustrated in the figure.
So the perimeter of the rectangle is = 2(3 + 5) cm = 16 cm. Therefore the answer is right. ÿ to question
87 on page 128
98
Question 67
For which reals does the inequality ÿ 2 hold ÿ1>2?
A. ÿ ÿ1 ÿ ÿ1 ÿ page 107
B. ÿ page 125
C. ÿ1 < < 1 ÿ page 93
D. for no real E. ÿ page 124
ÿ1 ÿ page 118
It is immediate to observe that:
2
( ÿ 1)2 ÿ = ( ÿ 1 ÿ )( ÿ 1 + ).
Then the locus points satisfy one of two conditions:
ÿ1ÿ=0 or ÿ 1 + = 0.

The points ( ) of the set considered are obtained by solving the inequality solutions
,
ÿ2 > 0. His
satisfy one of the following systems of inequalities:
{ ÿ 2 <<00 or { ÿ 2 > 0 >0
The first system locates the points of the third quadrant that are located under the straight line = While
,
2 the second system locates the points of the first quadrant that are located above the straight line = 2 (see
figure).
2
=
99
So the set consists of two angles opposite each other at the vertex. Therefore the answer is right.
If = (1,2) it is valid:
= ÿ5, = 2, = 1.
2 2
Verified that there is = 2+ , as 5 = 4 + 1, the triangle is rectangle with
Using the equality sin2 + cos2 = 1 and the properties of logarithms, we have:
2 2
log( 4+2 + sin2 + cos2 ) = log( 4+2 + 1) = +
2 2
= log( 1)2 = 2 log( + 1).

Aldo and Bea have two places available and therefore have two ways to arrange themselves. The other four
friends have four seats available. If the formula is used to calculate the number of permutations of 4 people
out of 4 places, one deduces that the answer is wrong.
We observe that, for ÿ ÿ, it holds:
sin 3 = sin cos 2 + cos sin 2 =
= sin (1 ÿ 2 sin2 ) + 2 sin cos2 = = sin [(1
ÿ 2 sin2 ) + 2(1 ÿ sin2 )] = 3 sin ÿ 4 sin3 .
Using the previous inequality with = and noting that 0 < < 18 18 2,
if you have:
sin ( 6 )
=
sin ( 3 18) =
3 sin ( 18) ÿ 4 sin3 ( 18)
=
3 3 3
= sin ( 18) ÿ 3 sin3 ( 18) < sin ( 18) ,
then = 6 does not test the proposed equality. Therefore the answer is wrong. ÿ to
100
For every real number, | is worth ÿ1| ÿ 0. It follows that the solutions must satisfy the condition | ÿ 0, or ÿ1 ÿ ÿ 1. If
we observe that for these values of we have | ÿ 1| = 1 ÿ deduce 1 ÿ | that the answer is wrong. ,
Let us first observe that there is not a single way to arrange the 9 squares so as to form a rectangle. Different
ways to do this are illustrated in the figure.
However it can be stated that the measures of the sides of the rectangle expressed in cm are whole numbers
greater than 1 (the rectangle must contain squares whose side measures 2 cm) and that the area of the rectangle
is = (2 ÿ 22 + 7 ÿ 12 ) cm2 = 15 cm2 . If you make use of this information, you deduce that the answer is wrong.
OK:
=
3 + 3 + (ÿ1) + =
3( + 1) + (ÿ1) + (ÿ1)
=3+ .
1 1 +1
If it is even, = 3 + the 1 +1 > 3 > 2.99 and therefore there are infinitely many numbers greater than 2.99. Therefore
answer is wrong.
If we evaluate the two members of the proposed equality for = if there

is: 2 ,
,
sin ( 3 )| =
2
= sin ( 6 )= 2
sin( ) sin( 2 ) 1
= = ,
3 |= 3 3
2
then = 2 does not test for equality. Therefore the answer is wrong. ÿ to
101
Question 68
Consider all real numbers of the form
=
3 + 3 + (ÿ1)
+1
where is any positive integer. How many of the numbers are greater than 2.99?
A. infinite, but not all ÿ page 105
B. none ÿ page 115
C. one ÿ page 101
D. due ÿ page 120
And all ÿ page 90
If we make use of the equality sin2 + cos2 = 1 and of the properties of logarithms, we deduce that the
answer is wrong.
For any positive integer, the proposed equation is a first degree equation in the variable .
Solving it, it turns out that the answer is wrong.
1 ÿ | ÿ 0, or ÿ1 ÿ ÿ 1. For these values of we have | ÿ 1| = 1 ÿ . So the problem is
| reduced to the study of the equation 1 ÿ = 1 ÿ | |, with the condition ÿ1 ÿ ÿ 1. Ultimately
must be solved = | |, with the condition ÿ1 ÿ ÿ 1, obtaining as solution 0 ÿ ÿ 1.
The function cos2 ÿ cos ÿ 2 vanishes if, for example, we choose = wrong. . Therefore the answer is
102
Question 69
In a country where every citizen is required to pay 25% of his income in taxes, the rate is lowered to 20%
one year. However, a "one-off" tax of €1,000 was introduced at the same time, which each taxpayer is
required to pay. It can be said that in that same year, in relation to this operation:
A. Citizens with an income of more than €25,000 had to pay one fifth more than they would have had to
pay under the previous year's regulations ÿ page 93 ÿ page 92
B. the tax burden has remained unchanged for everyone

C. only citizens with an income of more than €10,000 have been given an advantage ÿ page 90
D. Citizens with an income exceeding €25,000 have been given an advantage ÿ page 96
E. only citizens with an income of less than €20,000 were given an advantage
ÿ page 116
The remainder theorem establishes that the remainder of the proposed division is obtained by evaluating the
polynomial for = 2:
3
remainder = (2 ÿ 3 + 2)| =2 = 12.
The distance between the centers of the circles is ÿ(2 ÿ 0)2 + (2 ÿ 0)2 = 2ÿ2 > 2, so they have
no points in common (see figure).
103
Question 70
A rectangle is formed by two squares whose sides measure 2 cm and by seven squares whose
side measures 1 cm. The perimeter of the rectangle measures
A. 22 cm ÿ page 116
B. 18 cm ÿ page 130
C. 24 cm ÿ page 101
D. 20 cm ÿ page 113
E. 16cm ÿ page 98
1
2
The points on the circles which minimize ( 1 , 2 ) lie on the line passing through i
centers as shown in the figure. Therefore the answer is wrong.
If = (ÿ1,0) it is worth:
= ÿ5, = 2, = ÿ5.
The triangle is isosceles on the and it is not a rectangle as in a right isosceles triangle
base goth only the base can be the hypotenuse (the longest side) and, in the case in >.
question, the answer is therefore correct.
It cannot be = ÿ2 because it is rational, while ÿ2 is not. Therefore the answer is wrong.

104
wrong.
2 ÿ ÿ 1 = 0.
wrong.
OK:
3 + 3 + (ÿ1) + 1 3( + 1) + (ÿ1) + 1 (ÿ1)
= = =3++ .
1
1
If it is even, = 3 + > 3 > 2.99
+1
and therefore there are infinitely many numbers greater than 2.99. To
1
example, if = 1, = 3 ÿ 2 = 2.5 < 2.99 and therefore not all numbers are greater than 2.99.
Observe , , , are all different from each other and can only assume the values 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.
the numbers vato that 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 = 15, it is deduced that only the values 1, 2, 4, 5 (in an order
If, for example, there are 2 €1 coins and 29 €2 coins, the piggy bank contains more €2 coins.
€2 than €1 coins. Therefore the answer is wrong.
After each replacement, the fraction of pinot remaining in the blend is calculated as follows. Yes
multiply the fraction of pinot before the operation by the fraction of wine that remains in the bottle
after the withdrawal. The added fraction is added to the value obtained. Therefore the answer is wrong.
105
It is immediate to observe that = 0 is the solution of the equation for every positive integer. Therefore the
answer is wrong.
2 ÿ ÿ 1 = 0.
The discriminant is ÿ = + 4 and 2is positive for every real value of . So the equation always has two distinct
real solutions. Therefore the answer is right.
Aldo and Bea have two places available and therefore have two ways to arrange themselves. The other
four friends have four places available and therefore it is a question of calculating the number of permutations
of 4 people out of 4 places, that is 4! = 1 ÿ 2 ÿ 3 ÿ 4 = 24. It follows that the different ways that the six friends
have to arrange themselves in the compartment are 2 ÿ 24 = 48. Therefore the answer is
correct. ÿ to question 69 on page 103
4 3
while the volume of a cylinder having diameter
The volume of a sphere of radius is = 3
,
2 3
= . Therefore the answer is wrong. ÿ
base and height is = ( 2 ) 4
The set of 100 people can be seen as the union of the following four pairwise disjoint subsets:
= {people who speak both English and French} =

{people who speak English, but don't speak French} = {people
who speak French, but don't speak English} = {people who speak
neither English nor French}
The number of people in equals = 12, the number of people in equals = 51 ÿ 12 = 39, the number of people
in equals = 36 ÿ 12 = 24. Therefore the answer is wrong. ÿ to question 80 on page 121
106
Question 71
Fixed in the plane a system of orthogonal Cartesian axes , let's consider the points =
(1,0) e = (0,2). For which choice of point the triangle isn't it rectangle?
A. = (0, ÿ 1/2) ÿ page 93

B. = (ÿ1,0) ÿ page 104
C. = (1,2) ÿ page 100
D. = (ÿ4,0) ÿ page 97
E. = (0.0) ÿ page 115
The required place is formed by all and only the points that satisfy at least one of the following
equations:
ÿ 2 2 = 0 or ÿ 2 = 0 or + 2 = 0.
The first is the equation of a parabola, the other two are straight lines. Therefore the answer is right.
For example, for = 0 the function ÿ 2 ÿ 1 is not defined. Therefore the answer is wrong.
The function cos2 ÿ cos ÿ 2 for = 0 is equal to ÿ2 and therefore = 3 is not a solution for = 0.
Since ÿ2 is an irrational number, there is no smallest rational number greater than ÿ2.
For example, if there are 56 €1 coins and 2 €2 coins, the piggy bank contains more €2 coins.
€1 than €2 coins. Therefore the answer is wrong.
107
Question 72
A winery produces the renowned pirlot, a blend of pinot white and red
merlot in equal parts. From a bottle the producer takes 1/3 and replaces it with one
identical portion of pinot only, then takes 1/4 of the new blend and replaces it again with
an identical portion of just pinot. What fraction of the final blend is pinot?
A. 5/7 ÿ page 105

B. 7/12 ÿ page 109
C. 5/12 ÿ page 119
D. 2/3 ÿ page 121
E. 3/4 ÿ page 89
If it is an odd positive number it means that for some positive integer it equals = 2 ÿ 1. Il
next odd number of è = 2 + 1. This holds:
2 2
ÿ
= ( + )( ÿ ) = 4 ÿ 2 = 8 .
2 2
So ÿ
is always divisible by 8. Therefore the answer is wrong.

2
( ÿ 1)2 ÿ = ( ÿ 1 ÿ )( ÿ 1 + ).
ÿ1ÿ=0 or ÿ 1 + = 0.

friends have four seats available. If you make use of the formula to calculate the number of
permutations of 4 people out of 4 places, it is deduced that the answer is wrong.
108
Called ÿ the side of the original square, the overlapping rectangles have sides ÿ and ÿ/2. If one makes
use of the definitions of the perimeter of a rectangle and the area of a square, one deduces that the
answer is wrong.
After each replacement, the fraction of pinot remaining in the blend is calculated as follows. The fraction
of pinot before the operation is multiplied by the fraction of wine that remains in the bottle after sampling.
The added fraction is added to the value obtained. Therefore the answer is wrong. ÿ to question 72 on
page 108
For any positive integer, the proposed equation is a first degree equation in the variable .
Solving it, it turns out that the answer is wrong.
The distance between the centers of the circles is ÿ(2 ÿ 0)2 + (2 ÿ 0)2 = 2ÿ2 > 2, so they
have no points in common (see figure).
1
2
The points on the circles which minimize ( 1 , 2 ) are found on the line passing through the centers as
shown in the figure. Therefore the answer is wrong. ÿ to question
77 on page 118
109
Question 73
A square-shaped sheet of paper is folded into two equal parts to form

two overlapping rectangles. Knowing that the perimeter of the rectangle is 12 cm, what is it
the area of the original square?
A. 9 cm2 ÿ page 115
B. 36 cm2 ÿ page 130
C. 24 cm2 ÿ page 121
D. 72 cm2 ÿ page 109
E. 16 cm2 ÿ page 97
equations:
ÿ 2 2 = 0 or ÿ 2 = 0 or + 2 = 0.

2
( ÿ 1)2 ÿ = ( ÿ 1 ÿ )( ÿ 1 + ).
ÿ1ÿ=0 or ÿ 1 + = 0.
The two previous equations represent two distinct lines that intersect at the point (1,0).
110
Question 74
A right triangle, rotating around its legs, generates two cones. The ratio between the volumes of the two cones
is equal to the ratio between
A. the greater cathetus and the hypotenuse ÿ page 97 ÿ page

B. the cathetus 123 ÿ page 110 ÿ
C. the squares of the legs D. page 125 ÿ page
the lesser leg and the hypotenuse E. the 129
cubes of the legs
1
2
The points on the circles which minimize ( 1 , 2 ) are found on the line passing through the centers as shown in the
figure. Their distance can be calculated by subtracting the sum of the radii of the circles from the distance between the
centers:
= 2ÿ2 ÿ 2 ÿ 1 = 2(ÿ2 ÿ 1).
111
4 3
The volume of a sphere of radius is = , while the volume of a cylinder having diameter
3
2 3
= . Therefore the answer is wrong.
The function tan(2 ÿ5 ), on the interval ÿ <<4

4, takes on all real values. Therefore the answer
it's wrong.
The set of 100 people can be seen as the union of the following four subsets a
two by two disjoint:
= {people who speak both English and French}

= {people who speak English, but don't speak French}
= {people who speak French, but don't speak English}
= {people who speak neither English nor French}
The number of people in equals = 12, the number of people in equals = 51 ÿ 12 = 39,
the number of people in is equal to = 36 ÿ 12 = 24. Therefore the answer is wrong.
Place = cos of , the inequality becomes 2ÿ ÿ2 ÿ 0. Using the solution formula of the equations
2
quadratic, the solutions of the equation = 2. So the ÿ ÿ 2 = 0 are 1 = ÿ1 and 2 inequality
is satisfied for ÿ ÿ1 or ÿ 2, that is,
cos ÿ ÿ1 or cos ÿ 2.
The former is satisfied when cos = ÿ1, i.e. for = + 2 for each integer, while la
second does not admit solutions. Therefore the answer is right.
112
Different ways to do this are illustrated in the figure.
area of the rectangle is = (2 ÿ 22 + 7 ÿ 12 ) cm2 = 15 cm2 . If you make use of this information, you
If one makes use of the equality sin2 + cos2 = 1 and of the properties of logarithms, one deduces that
Since ÿ2 is an irrational number, there is no greatest rational number less than ÿ2.
For example, for = 0 the equation is satisfied. Therefore the answer is wrong. ÿ to
113
1
2
The points on the circles which minimize ( 1 , 2 ) are found on the line passing through the centers as
shown in the figure. Therefore the answer is wrong. ÿ to question 77
on page 118
If the two sides of the proposed equality are evaluated for = 2 , if you have:
2 ÿ3
sin ( 3 )| = sin ( 3 )= 2 ,
=2
sin( ) = sin(2 )
3 = 0,
3|
=2
so = 2 does not test for equality. Therefore the answer is wrong.

If we substitute the pair (ÿ2,1) in the equation we have:
1 = ÿ2 + 2 + 1,
a relation that is verified for every real. Therefore the answer is right.
The function cos2 ÿ cos ÿ 2 for = 0 is equal to ÿ2 and therefore = 0 is not a solution. Therefore the answer
is wrong.
114
Question 75
The equation | ÿ 1| = 1 ÿ | | ha
A. exactly two solutions ÿ page 94

B. exactly three solutions ÿ page 101
C. exactly four solutions D. infinitely ÿ page 117
many solutions ÿ page 102
E. no solution ÿ page 113
If = (0,0) it is worth:
= ÿ5, = 1, = 2.
2 2 2
Verified that there is = + , since 5 = 1 + 4, the triangle is rectangle with
Called ÿ the side of the original square, the overlapping rectangles have sides ÿ and ÿ/2. If you use
from the definitions of the perimeter of a rectangle and of the area of a square, we deduce that the answer
it's wrong.
OK:
3 + 3 + (ÿ1) + 1 3( + 1) + (ÿ1) + 1 (ÿ1)
= = =3+ .
+1
1
If it is even, = 3 + the +1
> 3 > 2.99 and therefore there are infinitely many numbers greater than 2.99. Therefore
answer is wrong.
ÿ2
> 0.

115
2 ÿ ÿ 1 = 0.
wrong.
If, for example, the income of a citizen is 15 000 €<20 000 €, he will have to pay, according to the
new system, an amount of ( 20 15000 + 1000) €= 4000 €, while, with the old system, would pa
100
25
cat 100 € 15,000 = € 3,750 . So the new system is less convenient. Therefore the answer
is wrong.
If, for example, there are 56 €1 coins and 2 €2 coins, the piggy bank contains more than 30 coins, but
most of them are not €2. Therefore the answer is wrong.
4 3
while the volume of a cylinder having diameter
The volume of a sphere of radius is = 3
,
2 3
= . Therefore the answer is wrong. ÿ
base and height is = ( 2 ) 4
116
Question 76
The expression
4 2
log( +2 + sin2 + cos2 )
coincide con
A. 4 log(1 + ) ÿ page 102

2 2
B. [ log(1 + )] ÿ page 113
2
C. 2 log(1 + D. ) ÿ page 100
log( E. 2
4
+2 2
) + log(sin2 + cos2 ) ÿ page 91
log(1 + + sin + cos ) ÿ page 127
1 ÿ | | ÿ 0, or ÿ1 ÿ ÿ 1. If we observe that for these values of we have | ÿ 1| = 1 ÿ it follows ,

The numbers ,,, are all different from each other and can only assume the values 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. Observing
that 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 = 15, it can be deduced that only the values 1, 2, 4, 5 (in an order

the number of people in is equal to = 36 ÿ 12 = 24. Therefore the answer is wrong.
117
Question 77
Given the two circles with center (0, 0) and radius 1 and center (2, 2) and radius 1 respectively,
denote by ( 1 , 2 ) the distance between a generic point 1 which is on the first circle and a generic
point 2 which is on the second circle. Then consider the minimum of ( 1 , 2 ) for varying of
1 and of 2 . It has that
A. = ÿ2 ÿ2 ÿ page 103
B. = 2 ÿ page 120
C. = ÿ2 ÿ 1 ÿ page 113 ÿ
D. such a minimum does not exist page 109 ÿ page
E. = 2(ÿ2 ÿ 1) 111
The required place is formed by all and only the points that satisfy at least one of the following equations:
ÿ2 2
= 0 or ÿ 2 = 0 or + 2 = 0.

For example, for = 1 the inequality is not satisfied. Therefore the answer is wrong. ÿ to question
67 on page 99
We observe that, for ÿ ÿ, it holds:
sin 3 = sin cos 2 + cos sin 2 =
= sin (1 ÿ 2 sin2 ) + 2 sin cos2 = = sin [(1

ÿ 2 sin2 ) + 2(1 ÿ sin2 )] = 3 sin ÿ 4 sin3 .
<
Using the previous inequality with = 9
and noting that 0 < 9 if there
is: 2 ,
) 9 ) 3 sin ( 9 ( ÿ 4 sin3 ( 9 )
sin ( 3
= sin ( 3 = =
3 3 3
= sin ( 9 )ÿ 3 9 ) < sin ( 9

sin3 ( ),
118
Question 78
The equation sin = ÿ

A. admits infinite solutions ÿ page 128
B. if ÿ > 0 is a solution, then = ÿ + is too ÿ page 96
C. does not admit solutions ÿ page 123
D. admits only one solution ÿ page 96
E. admits exactly two solutions ÿ page 94
then = 3
does not test the proposed equality. Therefore the answer is wrong.
After each replacement, the fraction of pinot remaining in the blend is calculated as follows. Yes
multiply the fraction of pinot before the operation by the fraction of wine that remains in the bottle
after the withdrawal. The added fraction is added to the value obtained. Therefore the answer is wrong.
2 2
ÿ
= ( + )( ÿ ) = 4 ÿ 2 = 8 .
2 2 2
So that is always divisible by 8. If, for example, = 1 and = 3 it holds
ÿ ÿ
2 = 9 ÿ 1 = 8,
is not divisible by 16. Therefore the answer is right.
2 2
ÿ
= ( + )( ÿ ) = 4 ÿ 2 = 8 .
2 2
So ÿ
is always divisible by 4. Therefore the answer is wrong.

119
Question 79
2
The set {( , )ÿR ÿ ÿ 0, / > 2} consists of
A. one of the parts of the plane delimited by a hyperbola B. ÿ page 127

a circular crown ÿ page 122
C. two angles opposite the vertex ÿ page 99
D. a half-plane E. ÿ page 92
two half-planes ÿ page 115
OK:
=
3 + 3 + (ÿ1) + 1 =
3( + 1) + (ÿ1) + 1 (ÿ1)
=3+ .
+1
1
If it is even, = 3 + +1
> 3 > 2.99 and therefore there are infinitely many numbers greater than 2.99. Therefore
The distance between the centers of the circles is ÿ(2 ÿ 0)2 + (2 ÿ 0)2 = 2ÿ2 > 2, so they do not
have points in common (see figure).
1
2
The points on the circles which minimize ( 1 , 2 ) lie on the line passing through i
centers as shown in the figure. Therefore the answer is wrong.
120
Question 80
In a group of 100 people 51 speak English, 36 French, of which 12 both English and French. How
many of them speak neither English nor French?
B. 15 106 ÿ page 117
C. 29 ÿ page 112 ÿ
D. 13 page 126
E. 25
answer is wrong.
If we substitute the pair (1, ÿ 2) in the equation we have:
ÿ2 = + 2 + 1,
a relation which is not verified for every real. Therefore the answer is wrong.
After each replacement, the fraction of pinot remaining in the blend is calculated as follows. The fraction
of pinot before the operation is multiplied by the fraction of wine that remains in the bottle after sampling.
The added fraction is added to the value obtained. Therefore the answer is wrong. ÿ to question 72 on
page 108
121
Question 81
How many real numbers are there that are solutions of the equation
tan(2 ÿ 5 ) = ÿ104
A. one ÿ page 105

B. five C. ÿ page 125
infinite ÿ page 95
D. none ÿ page 112
And two ÿ page 91

2
( ÿ 1)2 ÿ = ( ÿ 1 ÿ )( ÿ 1 + ).
ÿ1ÿ=0 ÿ 1 + = 0.
or

The value of is not fixed, while that of is. Therefore the answer is wrong.

ÿ2
> 0.

122
Question 82
Let be a rational number satisfying this property:
ÿ for each rational such that > ÿ2
A. is the largest rational number less than ÿ2 is the ÿ page 113

B. smallest rational number greater than ÿ2 ÿ page 107
C. = ÿ page 122
D. < ÿ2 E. = ÿ page 131
ÿ2 ÿ page 104
Let be the catheti of the right triangle. The volumes of the cones are shown in the table.
Cone volume
2
rotation around ( is ÿ
height and base radius of the cone)
2
rotation around ( is ÿ
height and base radius of the cone)
So the ratio of the volumes of the two cones is

2 ÿ
3
=
.
2 ÿ

It is immediate to observe that = 0 is a solution. Therefore the answer is wrong.

123
Question 83
A quantity of liquid which fills a sphere of radius is decanted into cylinders having
base diameter and height. What is the minimum number of cylinders it takes for
do this?
A. 5 ÿ page 95
B. 6 ÿ page 90
C. 3 ÿ page 112
D. 9 ÿ page 116
E. 4 ÿ page 106

For example, for = ÿ1 the inequality is satisfied. Therefore the answer is wrong.
The numbers , , , are all different from each other and can only assume the values 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.
Observing that 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 = 15, it can be deduced that only the values 1, 2, 4, 5 (in an order
anyone). So the product of the four numbers equals 1 ÿ 2 ÿ 4 ÿ 5 = 40. Therefore the answer is
right.

124
Question 84
3
The remainder of the division of the polynomial 2 ÿ 3 + 2 times ÿ 2 is:
A. 8 ÿ page 124
B. -1 ÿ page 91
C. 12 ÿ page 103
D. -8 ÿ page 97
E. -12 ÿ page 124
2
It makes sense to study the inequality only for ÿ 1 ÿ 0, i.e. for ÿ ÿ1 or for ÿ 1. For ÿ 1 we
can square both sides of the inequality to get
2 2 2
ÿ1ÿ4 ÿ3 + 1 ÿ 0,
which has never been verified. For ÿ ÿ1 the inequality is always verified. Therefore the answer is
right.
wrong.
If and ÿ
the straight lines are distinct and ÿ are not parallel (they have different slope) e
the intersection point is obtained by solving the system
{ = += 2 + 1+ 2
ÿ ÿ
+ 1.
125
Question 85
With respect to an orthogonal Cartesian reference of the plan, the equation
( ÿ 1)2 ÿ 2=0
identifies:
A. two straight lines incident ÿ page 110

B. a parabola C. ÿ page 99
only two points D. a ÿ page 108
circle ÿ page 95
E. two parallel lines ÿ page 122
The system always admits the same solution for all values of and the answer is
ÿ
yours. Therefore the
wrong.
For example, if you arrange the triangles as in the figure, the overlapping portion of the surface is
a trapeze.


126
Question 86
Aldo, Bea, Carlo, Dario, Ebe, Franco go by train and find a compartment for six
vacancies. Considering that Aldo and Bea have to stay near the window, how many ways
different have the six friends to arrange themselves in the compartment?
A. 48 ÿ page 106
B. 4 ÿ page 100
C. 240 ÿ page 128
D. 8 ÿ page 108
E. 10 ÿ page 91
the number of people in equals = 36 ÿ 12 = 24. So the number of people in equals
= 100 ÿ (12 + 39 + 24) = 25. Therefore the answer is right.
equations:
ÿ 2 2 = 0 or ÿ 2 = 0 or + 2 = 0.

If we make use of the equality sin2 + cos2 = 1 and of the properties of logarithms, we deduce that the
answer is wrong.
ÿ2
> 0.

127
Question 87
Positive integer data, yes the solution of the equation
+1 +2 +
+ +ÿÿÿ+ =
1 2
A. ÿ 0 for each B. if 1 ÿ page 106

<2 then 1
<
2
ÿ page 109
then >
C. if 1 < 2 1 2
ÿ page 102
D. = +1 for each E. = +1 for ÿ page 92
each ÿ page 93
sin + = 0,
and, being ( ) = sin + an odd function, it suffices to consider the values ÿ 0. If you use
from the properties of the function sin it follows that the answer is wrong.
,
friends have four seats available. If you make use of the formula to calculate the number of
permutations of 4 people out of 4 places, it is deduced that the answer is wrong.
a hexagon.
128
Question 88
The inequality cos2 ÿ cos ÿ 2 ÿ 0 holds for:

A. no real value of ÿ page 102
B. = + 2 for any integer C. = 2 for ÿ page 112
any integer D. any real value ÿ page 91
of E. = 3 for any integer ÿ page 114
ÿ page 107

a right triangle.

equations:
ÿ 2 2 = 0 or ÿ 2 = 0 or + 2 = 0.

129
Question 89
In Jeremiah's piggy bank there are €1 and €2 coins, for a total of €60. Which of the following
statements is true?
A. If the piggy bank contains at least 30 coins, then most of them are ÿ page 116
and 2 €
B. The number of €1 coins cannot be equal to the number of €2 coins ÿ page 91 C. If the
piggy bank
contains less than 40 coins, then most of them are ÿ page 93
and 2 €
Q. The number of €1 coins is certainly less than the number of €2 coins

ÿ page 107 E.
The number of €1 coins is certainly greater than the number of €2 coins ÿ page 105
answer is wrong.
130
Question 90
The equation ( ÿ ) = 1 has two distinct solutions

A. if and only if ÿ 0 ÿ page 116
B. if and only if ÿ1 < < 1 ÿ page 105
C. for no real value of D. for all ÿ page 88
reals E. if and only if ÿ2 ÿ page 106
<<2 ÿ page 94
It cannot be = ÿ2 because it is rational, while ÿ2 is not. On the other hand, if > ÿ2,
one could choose rational such that > > ÿ2 obtaining a contradiction. So it must
be worth < ÿ2. Therefore the answer is right.
131
You have finished reading the mentor booklet.
132

Mentor Di Matematica

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Mentor Di Matematica

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Curators of the Mentor Collection:

Logic: Luisella Caire, Paola Suria Arnaldi

Mathematics: Gioconda Moscariello, Vincenzo Ferone

Physical and chemical sciences: Roberto Piazza, Paolo Sarti

Reviewers: Claudio Beccari, Claudio Casarosa

Organization: Giuseppe Forte, Giorgio Filippi

Pagination and layout: Claudius Beccari

How to use the mentor

Mathematics 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . 8

Mathematics 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . 87

Start from the page containing the

Answer C to question 20 is correct

2 = 1 Therefore the answer is right.

Answer A to question 48 is wrong

area( ) = 2 ÿ area( )=2ÿ =ÿ .

Answer A to question 11 is wrong

Answer D to question 52 is wrong

Answer E to question 6 is wrong

Answer D to question 40 is wrong

Answer E to question 48 is wrong

area( ) = 2 ÿ area( )=2ÿ =ÿ .

Answer B to question 42 is correct

Answer E to question 59 is wrong

Answer A to question 31 is wrong

Answer B to question 53 is correct

2 log10 1000 = log10 103 = 3 log10 10 = 3,

Answer A to question 47 is wrong

Answer A to question 29 is wrong

Answer A to question 26 is wrong

The number 7 is not a divisor of 30. Therefore the answer is wrong.

An angle measures 2 radians, so

A. its sine is positive B. its ÿ page 15

Answer B to question 44 is correct

Condition Set of points

(3) +ÿ0 half-plane under the line + = 0 3ÿ

Therefore the answer is right.

In the set of real numbers the inequality

Answer B to question 12 is correct

Answer D to question 17 is wrong

first order polynomial. Therefore the answer is wrong.

Answer D to question 45 is wrong

value of . Therefore the answer is wrong.

Answer C to question 42 is wrong

Answer B to question 8 is correct

Answer C to question 24 is wrong

Answer D to question 29 is wrong

Answer E to question 17 is correct

Answer A to question 3 is correct

OK <2< , so sin 2 > 0. Therefore the answer is right.

Answer C to question 12 is wrong

Answer E to question 11 is wrong

Answer E to question 27 is wrong

Answer D to question 39 is correct

means that ÿ ÿ1 or ÿ 2. Therefore the answer is correct.

Answer E to question 49 is correct

We write the inequality in an equivalent form:

The solutions are obtained by solving the following systems:

Put the three numbers 7, ÿ47, ÿ3 + ÿ27 in ascending order

A. ÿ3 + ÿ27 < ÿ47 < 7 B. ÿ47 ÿ page 17

Answer C to question 54 is wrong

Answer A to question 6 is wrong