THE

Transition Elements
by Anaaya, Aryan & Krish
 Definition
transition metal, any of various chemical elements
that have valence electrons—i.e., electrons that can
participate in the formation of chemical bonds—in
Vanadium
two shells instead of only one.
They occupy the middle portions of the long periods
of the periodic table of elements between the groups
on the left-hand side and the groups on the right.
Specifically, they form Groups 3 (IIIb) to Group 12 (IIb)
Scandium

Ruthenium Mercury Tungsten Titanium

Examples
Scandium
Titanium
Vanadium
Chromium
Manganese
Iron
Cobalt
Nickel
Copper
Zinc
Yttrium
Zirconium
Niobium
Molybdenum
Technetium
Ruthenium
Rhodium
Palladium
Silver
etc
 Properties
The most striking similarities shared by the 24 elements in question are that
they are all metals and that most of them are
hard & strong
lustrous
have high melting and boiling points
are good conductors of heat and electricity.

Many of the elements are technologically important: titanium, iron, nickel,

and copper, for example, are used structurally and in electrical technology.
Second, the transition metals form many useful alloys, with one another and
with other metallic elements.
Third, most of these elements dissolve in mineral acids, although a few, such
as platinum, silver, and gold, are called “noble”—that is, are unaffected by
simple (nonoxidizing- Dont combine chemically with oxygen) acids.
Elements
The elements in the periodic table are often divided into
four categories: (1) main group elements, (2) transition Iron
metals, (3) lanthanides, and (4) actinides. The main group
elements include the active metals in the two columns on
the extreme left of the periodic table and the metals,
semimetals, and nonmetals in the six columns on the far
right. The transition metals are the metallic elements that
serve as a bridge, or transition, between the two sides of the
table. The lanthanides and the actinides at the bottom of Nickel
the table are sometimes known as the inner transition
metals because they have atomic numbers that fall between
the first and second elements in the last two rows of the
transition metals.
Manganese
 The electronic configuration

In general, electrons are removed from the valence-shell s orbitals before they are removed from valence d orbitals
when transition metals are ionized.

Tranistion Elements Atomic number Electronic configuration

Sc 21 [Ar] 3d1 4s2

Ti 22 [Ar] 3d2 4s2

V 23 [Ar] 3d3 4s2

Cr 24 [Ar] 3d5 4s1

Mn 25 [Ar] 3d5 4s2

Fe 26 [Ar] 3d6 4s2

Co 27 [Ar] 3d7 4s2

Ni 28 [Ar] 3d8 4s2

Why were they given this name
The term dates back to 1921, when English chemist Charles Bury referred to a
transition series of elements on the periodic table with an inner layer of electrons
that was in transition between stable groups, going from a stable group of 8 to one
of 18, or from a stable group of 18 to one of 32. Today these elements are also known
as d block elements. The transition elements all are metals, so they are also known
as transition metals.

While the metals get their names because of what's going on in their valence
electron shell, it's easiest for students to remember these elements act as a bridge
between the highly metallic alkali metals and alkaline earths on the left side of the
periodic table and the nonmetallic nonmetals, halogens, and noble gases on the
right side of the periodic table. So, they transition between metallic and nometallic
properties.

 Transition metals are relatively stable. They don't

react quickly with water or oxygen, which explains
why they resist corrosion. A transition metal is one
that forms one or more stable ions which have
incompletely filled d orbitals. On the basis of this

are they definition, scandium and zinc do not count as

transition metals even though they are present in

stable?
the D-block of the Periodic Table.

Transition metals also include Lanthanoids [La],

they are relatively reactive for transition metals,
and Actinides [Ac], which are all radioactive. This
means that they are unstable, so they decay into
different, more stable elements. Many of the
actinides do not occur in nature but are made in
laboratories.
 Sources
https://www.google.com/search?
q=transition+metals+examples&rlz=1C1CHBF_enIN1013&oq=transiti
on&aqs=chrome.1.69i57j35i39j0i131i433i512l3j0i512j69i61l2.4300j0j7&so
urceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8
https://www.britannica.com/science/transition-metal
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transition_metal
https://study.com/academy/lesson/transition-metals-definition-
list-properties.html
Thank you!!