Analysis 1 Problems (Epiphany 2021)

Sheet 3: Differentiable Functions II

1. Verify the Mean Value Theorem for f (x) = 2x2 − 7x + 10 on [a, b] = [2, 5].

2. Let f (x) be differentiable on an interval I such that there is a constant a ∈ R

with f 0 (x) = af (x) for all x ∈ I. Show that there exists a constant C ∈ R
such that f (x) = Ceax . (Hint: Consider f (x)/eax ).

3. In a question below we obtain the inequalities x/(1 + x) ≤ log(1 + x) ≤ x

for x ≥ 0 (which really goes back to one of the problem sheets in term 1).
Ignoring all this use the corollary to the Mean Value Theorem to give a direct
proof.

4. (i) Let f (x) be a differentiable function on an interval I with |f 0 (x)| ≤ M

for all x ∈ I for some M > 0. Show that f is Lipschitz continuous with
Lipschitz constant M , that is, |f (x) − f (y)| ≤ M |x − y| for all x, y ∈ I.
(ii) Assume f (x) is continuously differentiable (i.e., f 0 is continuous) on an
interval [a, b]. Show that f is Lipschitz continuous on [a, b].
√
(iii) Explain why you cannot apply (ii) √ to the function f (x) = x on [0, 1].
Then show by contradiction that x is not Lipschitz continuous on [0, 1].
However, do show that f is Lipschitz von [r, 1] for any 0 < r < 1 (actually
on [r, ∞)).

5. Consider f (x) = 1/x on I = (0, ∞). Show that f is locally Lipschitz contin-
uous (more precisely, show that for all r > 0 the function f is Lipschitz on
[r, ∞) ) but not Lipschitz on all of I (by contradiction).

6. Let g be twice differentiable in an open neighborhood of x = 0. Set

(
g(x)
x
if x 6= 0,
f (x) =
0 if x = 0,

and g(0) = g 0 (0) = 0 and limx→0 g 00 (x) = 17. Find f 0 (0).

7. Fix α ∈ R. Show that the Lagrange remainder in Taylor’s Theorem for eα at

c = 0 vanishes as n → ∞ and conclude
∞
α
X αk
e = .
k=0
k!

1
 (n)
8. (i) Find the n-th Taylor polynomial Tf (x) at c = 0 for f (x) = log(1 + x).
(ii) Fix x = α with |α| < 1. Show that for these α the Lagrange remainder
vanishes as n → ∞ and give as a consequence an infinite series expression
for log(1 + α) for such α. In particular, considering α = −1/2 find an
infinite series expression for log(2).
(n)
(iii) Fix x ≥ 0. Explicitly write down Tf (x) for n = 0 and n = 1. Find
minimum and maximum for f 0 and f 00 in the interval [0, x] and hence
using Taylor Theorem’s for n = 0, 1 give estimates of the form h(x) ≤
log(1 + x) ≤ g(x) for some functions g and h (eg, for n = 0 you should
obtain x/(1 + x) ≤ log(1 + x) ≤ x). Give in each case a range for the
value of log(6/5).
√
9. Use Newton’s method to calculate 3 2 up four decimal digits.