Name: Ch.

Varun
Roll No: CCE21007
Date: 18-08-2003

FREQUENCY SHIFT KEYING

Abstract
Write the aim of the experiment, what you are going to do, and how you are going to carry out
the experiment, what are the required components/software in 5 to 6 lines.
Introduction
Write a general introduction about a paragraph to the experiment. Justify the paragraph
alignment. There is no limit to the number of paragraphs. It is instructed to include the most
important definitions, equations and sample diagram and expected results in the introduction
part. The ideal introduction is expected to be 3 to 4 paragraphs.
Frequency-shift keying (FSK) is a digital modulation technique in which the frequency of a
carrier signal is shifted between two or more discrete frequencies in accordance with a digital
message signal. The simplest form of FSK is binary FSK (BFSK), in which the carrier is shifted
between two frequencies, one for binary 1 and the other for binary 0. FSK is a very common
modulation technique used in a variety of applications, such as: Radio telemetry, Caller ID,
Garage door openers,RFID tags, Wireless networking,Marine communication.The main
advantages of FSK are its simplicity and robustness to noise. It is also a relatively efficient use of
bandwidth. However, FSK has a lower data rate than some other modulation techniques, such as
QAM. Here is an example of how FSK works. Suppose we want to transmit the binary message
"1010" using FSK. We could use two frequencies, 1000 Hz for binary 1 and 2000 Hz for binary
0. The modulated signal would be a continuous wave that alternates between these two
frequencies. The frequency would be 1000 Hz for the first bit, 2000 Hz for the second bit, 1000
Hz for the third bit, and so on. The demodulator would recover the original message by detecting
the frequency of the modulated signal. If the frequency is 1000 Hz, the demodulator would
decode the bit as a 1. If the frequency is 2000 Hz, the demodulator would decode the bit as a 0.
 Fig.1 Expected Output Wave

Algorithm
1. Write the Step-by-step algorithm for the experiment in a numbered format.
2. Provide the steps you follow during the experiments.
Reference Diagram

Fig.2 circuit diagram

Output

Fig 3 Message Signal and modulated -10010001

 Fig 4 Modulated and demodulated -10010001

Fig 5 Message and Modulated Signal- 01101010

Fig 6 Modulated and Demodulated signal - 01101010

Fig 7 Message and Modulated Signal- 10000001

 Fig 8 Modulated and Demodulated signal - 10000001

Inference
Provide your inference from the experiment. What is the result of the experiment and what are
the points you have learned from the experiment (4-5 lines).