Global Navigation Garctlite System Cass) Lee os ERO v — dekeeming Rositien asd ei lnfe . Voocite GPS — O5n b GNSS-41 Pedtionol GLOWASS— Russia Golites — Evsee Grpsss— ching GNsso3) Ceeidouy Quasi - 2, : Un deeveloced, i> Taran caxsgy b> BONE Genes). eae PORTS derdetse~ PRance Contonenes A GNss — ted,’ ee ass © seoce Smee, - Sareltites, Froce Velie, ~ Serds gh, ah. Statens Moniterio Station. Groung Aoterng CO) CET Seperent- Gog Vealvers = Antenna| Space segment | User's segment | | | J 2.2: GPS Segments-space segment, ground segment and uyer segment (source: www.kowoma.de/en/gpslerrors.htm)TAC masitt sysrern-Ush ¥ . GI & Porter Counties, st based Maw. s¢stens TRansat - 45* sotelite bes, 5 aed T Mse cated mavsat Su, - [aes ]— MausTaR - usa te Meo + 20000 tr T X altiwwe 22606 SS Soleltite lawan~ 1988 Glave Satelite tinal ~ 24 “sarellite Crersttinal ~ 24 +4 Gatdlite teh i 6 OMbited Planes ful, — de.14q3 + OAtita) plone :, 1 rad oo ‘elopmane is Chases Ancingdr. S5° bo 3 A equator Phese-t 4 “1974 oe we Bestia species hose-r "9%8-lo7q_ MEPL ValiPation ‘ Fine (Whee q (ol biC See Phere he 1929 -l995- cus 9We & Tess i MO. G Sobetite . Visine @ wen BCT 98s i pea Te 5 Netley Rime oka Hine. ¢ - "7 BU Ok ecto) Sctdtites Sed | setedein Total 6, Sateclites lanehed t~ Gps ¢ e tion ot at Gnas ~ See tang ‘ ¢ + PiCferential GES bev et aBased om Gakellite Functioning of GPS * Fun) i a eae TailobereRon system — see. Aig ~ S$ Seberre intersection, For aeurere Posttiae, ov Surface Precise lecats op © POY more COMALE Position with eee Ie QMSINE Suite i anni ait We aust ree 3 of these > Satelite nee : , © Location - Slewation, © ® dined re © A wae ty aes ian 2 ollseing ~ heculebe es aes oa 5 aclUncbe — Bhat of SQletivePosition Fig. 24: (a) Interseetion of three i Y spheres (Leica Geosystems, 1999) (b) Gi trilateration concept-position is determined at the point where three spheres fersect (source: wwww.zoge-jm.ch/Dateien/ GPS_CompendiumGPS-X-02007,pdf)PETES rrr wuetenees pee ¥ Indian Ges * GAGan — GPS aided Ges mepeenented ae as u Sy seo 4 aay tos. Hipne Navigation, Palett fates ecg: 334 ow Shs Gagan fapeod — Gsatig _ wth cor, eae —— 4547-15 - ooh * Tense _ Tediag Rytona) Navipateoes Sabdiite sre, 7 Nanze — wit, Newnen of Temss 4g RB Pew. 2016 Gehry 3 eee Ges —L SetBonte for naw: patinn Gol ubien by cone.Navigation Geotagging ie Application of \ = GPS — Surveying Fig. 87Table 1. Comparison of the most important properties of three existing GNSS systems-GPS, GLONASS and Galileo (source: www:zoggim.ch/ Dateien/GPS_CompendiumGPS-X-02007.pdf) Properties GPS ONASS, Galileo. Start of development 1973 1972 2001 Ist Satellite Launch February 22, 1978 October 12, 1982 December 28, 2005 Number of Satellites Minimum: 24 / Maximum: 32 Planned: 24 +3 passive reserves Planned; 27 + 3 active reserves Orbitals 6 3 3 Inclination 58° 648° 56° Altitude 20,180 km 19,100 km, 23,616 km Orbital Period 11 hr 58 min Ihr 15.8 min | 14 br $ min Time System GPS-Time GLONASS-Time | GST Galileo System Time) Signal Characteristic | CDMA FDMA CDMA Frequencies 2 frequencies, with a 3rd frequency planned 2 frequencies, with a 3rd frequency planned 2 frequencies, with a 3rd frequency planned Integrity Signal but planned Encryption Military Signal | Military Signal 8, CS, Sol. and PRS services Services 2 (civiliant military) | 2 (civilian+military) | _$ Responsibility US Department | Russian Defense of Defense Ministry Governments of the EU Currently none | None Planned