\ 2 3 3 3 2 > 2 > 2 3 J ] > ; ; > > > > , ee hs ene em Sewn sh lg ‘een oes 1+ pase mnt ang pie Ad] “ + Deere term beet gape ae a oo Sait : seman nn bates ote ‘steht ner een 7 [imamate fone |, lena imeem oyna) fiers nares i jar | 1 inmate inane lied Beare aa, Piece fe ism [Eee ann peor [ase 7 Jowietinenre Foie) ‘ee Time ina [mr lanes 1 7 fiesta retamrror ft Hacc PHOOH MekBr papas tet 1 ugetSratnanteren, ‘eon t06 nent “SHE 0 Hs}e ae soft 4 rasta saan) wets . 122 Samant esol Kuch et: a 2 susp eliusetts sep sien stapes rms 1 eng sent na soe Torr conte peedbece ceded gee eae [nner [seo © [aumserteate | acoret) ete. [neti | cata =e Tis pre sel Steps 10 teen 7 mt | (Costa Fae weal er cet eh moor ere [ena aoonrat |) Toasts) et) Coe) [ssa |) Fee ty See mate on aan [on EEO Amen puwapy ‘Smoot et topo Peerdaain caisjste sorta Chest, ava: ee seize teh Suen nazisar Ss hscaneran| oeatentnoneht nt a gn (ch oe gl eet [Somsrae ree + Santee ager Strano orc eee oem nsenhd oooh see ‘rene agi ee) Bede ea + Med sttiaetn erie bee cea] beer cstman | degra ttnesan al [ae [SEE roman [NOTE NRF ariesy as [saturate mbm 2 frminan a 5 [2 as ss [ree fe EOP |aeTTET lst ERH ftom Se sors 124 DESTON OF SHAFT BASED ON Creal apcr se Sem s ce yr tana maint | nets it vem at tas ss fergie su ‘eters 226) Gong of Sa sed on Tio Bo! sam Svs fo) saeayat trite eid oayonorst Nano + Tener ite “ena lo ese es Dastecceecoh zoos 242 Dag of Sh Bas 69 Late Tamper temdiesedn.te| Rolly Sh + Rye hd «red nerf 1s aghtapenettascte pao | EDEN cram pg Sr ig es Snes cpr Shasta Minature + tiaras anurans Te omuaasest 40 vee tipsSF peusins tan iy 240 sUtaanY OF DESION oF KEYS 1+ esteem sen coy onto aaa rela aT oo oy 7 Ja roa be cata im fetyrena T lieaneno ecg [nomena [eat ine 7 eset, on irae ess se nt eb [totes ia pei Tea srr] leh Hpi a ses eg nt |= Ear ro Int me vo [one TEICRT eR ne aia acta TTT Hiaasen nase Blea oy 1 RPT “ATTA te ea TF eH sin nie cet seein tan: e Sent Beit nets gee |SY epee tems a. Sept soa mieages, “un: eo Se en 3 poets Terie rahe ee inate |= nate a OST + Rein ort n| | a sé ct erste | Raleelgesdte — a “ete dra ta ed in tests tin oe pote | tena semi 0 | aula ete eee ow storm oe 1, [aerate oon fo meme Redeem | thpironaiae loon econ ee i ictus tipaectowenti | tonnes ee cre et te eerste FRE sonny oO HOF g ‘era crane 9 akeaviniee [agacrnpcmnin | retinengcaaaow fen ow etetaganincrain [enews oo Seatsieemeteen™|powonicaccal meting | maegpteaye fminstieeennie leon tiene: ssc 2.12 MUFF @EEvE|coUPLNG ——_|2521 SndgnltatCaig ln net 21 Seat toda wt ome ema | a om 1 fommeottun) mnsrnd eae + Neale bg one 2 lng rtd oe = Pececetersterart Mi = pisos Sepoctmencitemrntcnas | [ESA Jy oma yn les ‘Bid tetsu 2 ee of eee emt itmerattned [pow cae 2. Duper senate firsts) |e aeaae en ‘bain pies ie 1 bare 2 feramaane io hi rn leucine: eokas Fennec ain: ecir0) rrr rasiateertnn on parabens loners fo et eee eater nieentio | rpmmin freee mts eutamendien D* ae) i ceaseusies tmetdte bask rete ae win ds aor J emewenin — (yesh re188s tmnt i Foe Cs eosin errr) magna [rere eset PILIALALLPPIAL LS TYP L PLP fF 2Epona meme ea home » estan ‘ [Peseweritecionic | Seewined | Aaa «ELA SAE SaaS heerel ewe Pee ete aa a Toe 2 Hy Tab AL A TONIEN pene hanes Merreane ee ee | ° : = ont aos 2 See niet, w + $-lPerasnmertSom | prewncnngeentericents oa? 0 tient farms (nase ; oe ev siamnctrin larmocin [yes agus,» «Fee besesem too | mats easnr cd roy —_|rne oy rer = ge 1543509 maraneirt [arn inte 1 putnartine paied | rebels 2 emmrtton [ryopein [mente [icee =e) 9 west enaaitngs — factor |. megs sits oy sean) forme | onts eee Sree ve gt ote | Eto ee ov emerson es Be * Tae «Gay sentnt feed tae rename ernbiat J 1 xine See oe 1 ttmrten 0 7 Thiegeeaaanaies |= ar oe a Ecouocemaeinenoos] (coer 1H oat ee Sein taemswmrae| eur | Ae J watabit + demote boas =(stein [eat { ay lacie | ana rs rs ==5 east: [o gimass |rrecin fase y | tris y | ess rein (ease | ferent faetamis age ese 7 ara [rset Jot tein |p omit ameter rarice 2 ar lotta |r oat Pi a em —— [ia sora itor eee a aa [TO cen meen 7 leno: eg jmation oman ame | Far lene am rare # lee” iced sae; oun + commen tecntiren, wie y scrim ier eam 4 adr paar a _ om sprnepmiatis - av restatin Tubal Fi enema [sine (emer veto or IE aor se RTO S228 Want Bt 2 Dry contain Thins |, leh oe baa fl ee ERPIT fn OCA i ee toa 7 ae + samen tates Cts : em a ge: 0) Sontrgenoion: renaa 5 my cee oun | nti a as + rete teats a mang. ant Pe vs simak 7 3 tacts: 7 i rar a eestor aan eee tote tie on Cree aia ‘TAB UST OF FORMULAE veede ee - a (Standard proportions 1 tn on tnt: —— a tn iter : ee mt Taal [ Sos TS aaa ieee ge preter eee 1 ASME et, Aine ek pe vai Pes roomed (tigen sre tare ne RE | = ce i «se mo cnet spn: ated roa = (9 Sr + ent lal women fee TR eek! vane on 1 FE (ocr + meter36 Ss Design of Power Serans 1 bccign ot Machine Elements (SPPU) «Advantages of recirculating bal ser (il) Total torque required to raise the load against (0 tn recirculating ball screw, as the sliding thread and collar friction: thread friction is replaced by a rolling reton, Weg the efficiency is very high. (i) As the mut or screw is preloaded in one direction to reduce the backlash, high positional accuracy is obtained (ii) Because of the low coefficient of tition, the conversion of the rotary to linear motion can bereversible, ‘+ Limitations of recirculating bal screw: ()) Costis high; and (@)_ Manufacturing is eitficu «Applications of recirculating ball screw: (NO-CNC machine tools; and (i Automobile steering gears. (il) Aircrafts: and (iv) Misiles 3.18 LIST OF FORMULAE 4. Terminology : © Pitch: 1 e reads per unitength oF serew > umber (i) Mean diameter: 4, =d-p/2 (li) Core diameter : d.=d-p (iv) Lead 1ENp (©) Leadangle tan (vi) Frictonangle : 2. Torque Analysis [Square Threads] : ( Torque required to raise the load against thread friction: Wa, % Fan (+7) 1 (i) Torque required to lower the load against thread friction ; according to uniform pressure theory ye 2 [BFBecon to uniform wear theory (iv) Total torque required to lower the load against ‘thread and collar friction : Wd. T = “pRtan (2) tHe W Re 3, Efficiency : (0 Screw efficiency: wna ___Wh Ts = tan (+) 2RT, (4) Overall efficiency: Wa, nh, 2 * Wa Moan (¢63) + WR, Self-Locking and Over-Hauling Serew : + Forself-locking screw: >). ‘© Forover- hauling screw: % + Forovershauling serew: 6) $% 6. Stresses in Screw Body : {i) Direct compressive or tensile stress: (i) Torsional shear stress: _ ist “ad (Gi Maximum shear stress: tex = VO E 3.54 Design of Power Screws. (iv) Buckling load for screw: wre) q = We * tas,[1 Tone whore, C = 0.25 forone end fixed and other end free7, ‘Stresses in Screw Threads : (i). Bearing pressure: —t F@-aye (ti) Direct shear stress in. screw threads t WwW % * ndtZ (ii) Direct shear stress in nut threads: _w * patZ (iv) Helght of mut: h = ap oooTotal Number of Coils, n’ n n Free Length, Ly pnd pn pn+3d pn+2d Solid Length, L, (n+1)4 Nd (nt3)a (n+2)4| $F _Design of Machine Elements - il (SPPU) 4-23 Spur Gears Syllabus Topic : Velocity Factor, Estimation of i Pinay j Dynamic Tooth Load by Velocity Factor and |! ad Buckingham’s Equation ea ||: 4413.5 Methods of Estimation of Dynamic = ne Load sind Eltective Load : seo | msn | aenitogs | wsvens | 5255 scy | inbing | > (Feb 16 (In Som), May 16) (© | tatomd by CENTS ae sath i cee = ©. ‘How-to estimate: the éllectve lose. on Spur gear |] Cw"? | Maser | Faiteby | 840639 | Sey i SG sigh ering fod tooth ? - SERRE SOMEISE seomay | byateog ©. Explain the metiods of estimiaion of djnainis lass io {or spur gear. GSEDUEANEAE ||) cs | oien | rinisea by veo Aeey | avg Clive + There are two basic methods fo estimate the dynamic lod co __| ose and oiletive load: ural | Fried by fine | 40s V<200 | Us ouss £_[oynamts oat anaes Load (an | tty i> _|L wt 4, Preliminary Estimation of “Dynamic Load and | * Effectivetuad un: Effective Load by Velocity Factor: ‘The effective load betwen the meshing teeth in tangential 1s Inthe preliminary stages of the'gear design, te dynamic food direction is given by, is approximately accounted by the inuliplyng factor “Ky ne fe = Ke 134 mown as velocity factor. The velocity factor °K,’ depends JK ) spo te ich ine wey and he ecu of pear tech, | 2 Prone Estimation of Dyan Loa and Etcive Load by Buckingham's Equation : «The velocity factors or dynainie Factors for vaions aecursey ‘+ Inthe final sages ofthe gear design, when gear dimensions levels are given in Table 1.13.5. i “Fable 1.43: 1s | pecuraey | Sonutcurng | Perit]! Nein | Grado | teveh fo sabi | Pid] 7 Baar | J yaar Po, ws are known at well as geae pair teeth error are specified, the locity Factor K, for Spor Gears dynamic ood can be more accurately determined as an ineremenial load’ by using Buckingham’s equation or dyna oa 1 ©The Buckingham’ equation for the dynamic toad in the very ew} Casing or yen ‘angen divston is given by DUN (WC + Ban) UV+YOC+ Ra where, Fy = dynamic Load, N ‘scuraey | moshing ® Low} stobing ven sccrcy_| sar or ‘oon AU tangential fore, N= ” ito, langentat fee, 8 HF tet3 _vesign of Machine Eons 1 (SPPU) High capacity gear units are usualy provided with pressurized spray lubrication and enteral ll cooler, 41.18 MULTI-STAGE GEAR REDUCER Ina multistage gear reduce, the total reduction ratio ean be split by one of the following two methods ethods for Spiiting Total Reduction Ratio 1. Spllting of reduction ratio by geometric progression 2, Spilting of reduction ratio for compact arrangement 1... Splitting of reduetion ratio by geometric progression : + Ina multi-stage gene reduction unit one way of splicing the otal eduction ratio is by using geomeuie progression 1 suck case, the reduction rato is same forall stages and is givenby, | G = G=...=0,=[61" (Lis) \ where, G =. foul rediction ratio fn = tuber of stages 2. Spliting of reduetion ratio for compact arrangement + Foramul-stage gear reduction unt inorder to aeieve the compecnes,the centre dances should be nearly same for all sages. ‘This is, in fact, a necesary condition in co-axial gearbox 4+ order 1 msn the cents dstanes nearly sine for sil stages, and hance to achiev the compactness, Is ecesstry to use higher etuton to in fist stage than the second age. Te rato soul decrease fru he fist stage othe Sil aye. + For a ovo sage gear reductlon nit, the fist stage seduction roi given by an enya relion, a+ ofS)” wy 4-58 Spur Gears + Hence, the second stage rdvetion rai i, a+% llt83) Where, G = total retin to O, = first stage reduction ratio G, = second stage reduction ratio Ky = lond-stres factor for sage, N/m Ky = loudstrss fate for 2 sage, N/a? LIST OF FORMULAE 2 am 2. Module mm 3. 4 Gear etio 122 eo 5. Centredistnce a 6. Minimum number of teeth on spur pinion to avoid the testa fe aks 2. Pite tae veloity + P,0, Emo, + Y= Gpsetogo * ox000" ™* ain RmaG, ° Ve Seat ox T000 * Gx t090* 8... Forces acting on spur geur tooth: ee an ae 18 £, ve a + Res Retng,n 9, Beam strength ofspur gear tooth: R= Obes ¥N meeS 6 ws, | M_Dolgn machine Eamon (SPU) 157 Spur Goars Vlocliy Calor Dynamic Factor K, for Spar Cavs be ee Veto Pato oF Dy ° rey 18. | Accuracy | Nanulaetring | Parmissbie'| Velooty 0) + ae 7 hd db Giades |» Leve |: Methods | lich Lino | Factor Veto, V" + oms oe ae 5 ore for20°fttdephinvototes [42 | vey tow | casing or] Vet | 535 i aa ; Aeurey | mauiing 9 + ye 095-28 fr att nahin ® 2 é vo ye ant toor | tow | Habing, veo | 5 11 | Aeauaey | seping or | mating for14stcomposte and flldeph invoete —— - ero | wacan | Fre nasing | ansvees | 35 + os Yq 6° Vy + Binion swester in bending eeuany | ocbobbng ae f (| lefoweatby 5 + oye Yy2-0y. Vy + sears wakein bending shaving 36 We rieeagh tan peattoot a7 | Wedim | sraing | svew | — > High | fofoved by sae R= Gb Q kN ‘Accuracy | grinding e > @ ~ Wier, 2 gos | Hin | shevng v2.90 > +0 = Zab Gretel ger ‘evry | flowed by | SE (6) | fregindng je £0 == foreman gre t.2er | uratgh | Fnegindng | aosve | oaiooss : , : 2 | aecuaey | tloweety | 200 esingcoro [1560-5], wa | boring | ; xe Tair +N! 2 12. Presie estimation of effective load on spur gear loth: +k = 016 spur gear tot i (0 Dynami nd by Buckinghon’s appeoae {or sel pinion - ste gear and 2° pressure angle 2 BVOC +f i ee pay WVeyoC+ Fe, & Where, {ot CA. pinion Cl. gear and 20° peso angle, rs HN" +k = 018 [ip 1. gest snd 20" pressure angle 7 { for ste! pinion i 11, Preliminary estimation of effective lad on spur gear tooth: KhaB fg = Pete stel gear 10000 , Ninn for steel pinion CX gear ant 20 + Ks O11 for 20% depth tnvolte: oaatagtWF dosan of Machine oman (SPPU) 159 sourGoars © K = 0118 for20°stbinvohtes 13, Safety of gear pate: + K = GOT or 145" composite and + Parsafay against bending lure: Py Ny Pop fatepth inva, + Forsafey sins piting lire, + Fe = Ke Kat AN 14, Standard tooth proportions: (i) Btectve toad: oe bom Fa = Keka Reh N + = 125m, a0 ever cn az ERT RSHOR I NM i ees pena tamtwtateromnireenaensn i& Design of Mastin laments = (SPP) 1. Application tr + she values ofaptiation fctror service fctr ar give a “Table {1341 (Chapt tion fetor or load concentra 2, Lond distr actor (K,)? -Tabie 2.101 gives the values of the load dstbuton for 1K, for helical sea. 11 RactorK, for Heeal Gees “Table 2.10.1 Load Dist ace With, it “blo | opto | Ute 156: 1. | acouatemounings smal | 12 | 19,] 14 teasing ews, snr deesion, — ie Less rigid mounting, less sceurte eas contact cross the fl face 3, | Accuracy and mounting ver2.0 such that es than ull ace 244, Preliminary Estim: Etfective Load BY Factor): ‘tube 240.2 Velocity Factor Helical Gears ration of Dynamic Load and velocity Factor (Bart iy feos for various acces Hrs of able 2.102: K, for Helical Gears The vel etcal gears are given in ‘aceon Tpeemissble | Yeon ‘iaonecig| ect Ph plchve |” Paco Re Melbods Medium ecursey | wanted by hobbing fatlowosby shavig Toes | tien | Gear tinibed 7 +20 ‘Accu | by saving ~ fotlowed by asading Tae | une | Cesistritas | an (ay 17) Effective Load (Fy): ‘Te effective load between the meshing helical teeth in tangetil directions given by, Kits Kilkee fa EY 2103) 2.” Precise Estimation of Dynamic Load by Buckingham’s Equation: “The Buckingham's equation for the dynamic toad on tia gear tooth in agent directions given by, AV [COSY + Fg 1008 “There ave iv baie mths 10 este the dyna la se te fei d= aveficatr ie TWainods to Falinate Dynami : = masta tangential force, N 7, Prelinar estimation by veloeytacor . . — = Kr Ka ki semen] F, = tangential ee, N eet prerenenetEbest ol Machine Bement I (SPPU v1 ofc! Gans + Weaestrength: 10. Forces ueting onlin gear tooth 2 2x80 : Om abt ais K = 0.16 [DHN/ 100), Nim > pons "Toate + RetetanysN _ VIS 112 16 0.16 HN / 10 : a +R, "cong, Gq | pear is weaker in bending. 12, Wear strength of htial gear tooth ; bi Qk omy : wnt «Qe tect ae 2 . = Fr lorinteral gear pair. er ea of sin gy cos q(t VE, +118) Tana Neos 0 +2016 [EY est pon sa a2 sos ps ge puny? a ie oat [EST frst tn in eat oe ged 20° normal posse angle eae ivats ¥F_Design of Machine Elements -1I(SPPU) 2.35 Helical Gears a +e 018 [ES frst pin =o ear a 0 Where,» noma pressure angle ! " 3 + © = 11500 Ninn for set pinion ~ set 18 Prtiinary etination of eetve loon hele! gear gear and 220" woth: eer + C= 8900 e, Nin for tel pinion ~ Cl i ian ane ear ond,=20° \etocity Factor or Dynan Pactor Ky fr Hetil Gears + C= 1000 eNom for steel pinion — CL * 5; x xT and §, = 20” 181 | Accuracy | Martactaring | Perssibte | Veloty ee Graves | Level | tooag | cn in|) Foto 6K = 0.11 or 20 fl ep ino j aoe. i i Paedel kK (0,115 for 20° stub-tooth. j 67.807 gum [ers j a |e + K = 0.107 fr 145° composite ad fale by bing involue j tlowey ca: 2 Fn = KEK, 4015 [High | Gears frished ve%0 [35 — Perea b eres: leah a (i), Biietve oad : Itowaty | fg = Kok ghtFeX ) eng. =| 283 Tora High [Gears tished | 40s Vs 200,| 0.85 009s || 15: Safety of a gear pair : ccuacy [byw gndng i pu facie + Forsfey asin bending fle: Fy, honing. | 2 erst agin ping flare ; 1a. Prec etiman at eect tant oneal asa T° | 6 standard nth papers 6) Dynaieload by Buckingham’ approach: ZIV [[oC cos” y +F,,.,} cosy N a DV + eC co W+ Fam aga ? Wake o-- wae neataenrose iin @2 Pitch cone angl 3. "3 Design of Machno Elements 11 (SPPU) 397 ‘he plsions mounted overhung o he berigs, which nay be of snglerowedeep- grove Type, tye roller [type with hacksto-back sagging conted ‘ore + Because ofthe ovérhung mowing, he deflection ofthe Pin shaft is high: Hence, though dhe arangement is ‘Simple. itis wed for medium a ight fos ol. Fig. 3.182: Overhung Mounting of Pinion and Stade Mounting of Gear 3. Overhung Mounting of Pinion and Gear : 1 this rangement, both the pinion and gear we inunted ‘overhung. Tough the arangement ie very simple, the deflection of bot the shafts under the load is large and hence is stable only {or light toads, 3.14. LIST OF FORMULAE i neat 1 Soft angle + C= Yy+%, Fitch cone distance: A, Gene etio: Formative mimber af eth on straight eve gears : ok ‘heey + At cy, ‘Minimum ober of (eth on stright bevel pinion to avoid the fnterference: Bnsees% fea ‘Mean rai of bevel gears: 4 being, + tg Ee 4 bse ‘Mean ple ine velocity + 000 * Ga 1080 Pitch tine veo tthe large end ofthe teeth = nnd = “Gos 1005* Gose00 Fores acting on straight bevel gear pair ieer ee ‘8 _Dosionof Machino Elements Il (SPPU) 2.90 Bevel Gears : ne bari a . : 6 ieee ee se Whee 6K, = FE « forstaght bevel gears = se Sag tentoene n For 3" fulcetinvotte, Yt is weaker in bending gear is weaker in being Oy VO 14, Wear strength of straight bevel gear toth and 20° presure ange. and 20° pressure ange, : Bit ‘ + K = 018 |T55 | tose! pinion Cl gear nd 20° pressure angle Eifetive load on straight bevel gear tooth Sinished by grinding clapping. Precis estimation by Buckingham’s eyatio Ry = KKB FAN AV (C4 Fina) MV eyoce _ iE Ven Bee, oy © = 11500 e, Nm for see pinion — steel ger and 9= + C= $9002. Ninn forCl pinion C2. gear d= 20" = 100006, Wm for pinion = Cg mady=20" k 11 for 20° Fulah ivoue. K = 0107 for 145° fthpthinoltes Raat Ky Ka Fo 16. Safety of ear pai: + Forse sunt heating ules, = Ny + Forsufey agnins pining itu: Fy, a Peek, 17, Standard tooth proportions: Reva sgn oh atay syst iulela} swChapter Ends 3 lat3 _ design of Machine ements =I (SPPUL 43, oling Contact Bearings Fiction! power os, eet, Ber 10x06 Pee Roxio cox ion “CONS oe Ty = OOS cs 4.3 TYPES OF LOADS ON ROLLING CONTACT BEARINGS 44 (9 Rail Low @) Asal Lond (Combined Lond “Fig 4.1: Typesef Loods on Rolling Contct Bearings “Te rolling contet bearings ae subjected 0 one of te following hse types of loads (Fig 43.102 "Types of Leads on Raling ‘Contact Bearings 1. Fadia Load (F,) i rolling cont bein 4.4.1, Ball Bearings : j ‘Combined Load (F and Fy) 1s he combination of ras and avs fads Fig 4.3.10) shoo the betng subjected combined loa Spiobus Topies Types of Roling Contact ering ‘TYPES OF ROLLING CONTACT BEARINGS Depending vpn the (pe of te cling cleats we, the assed it wo egos “ypee of Raling Contact Bearings 1. Baa Beam [Ba Bears 2 RalerBaaings | Ball bearings se the spherical ila the rsing elements Te onc becca the ime ace and he al the eter race che all pot const | Some o ihe types of sande ball bearings re csi Tuble dt Tae Typeset Ball Bearings | “Type ot Bearings 2 dial Thess Loed( Fs) 3, Conbined Load (F,2"3 Fi) 4. RodialLond (Ee ‘The a tng onesie pn erosion of eine fs know a5 rail load. ig 431 (9) stows the beasog subjected to ail xt 2, bial or Thustload (Fy ‘The load setng on bearing ia am axis recto is own xa or thrust od. Figd.1() shows ening sujet oan axa orshrst a, | ae Siagle Row Deep-Groove Dal Bes + Taker a wll astm od. Peet iPECECCLIE EET STAT ELECTYop tating nwt 41 ong Cone ern, {) Proper alignment beteen axon of shat and Ping a (Wi) Opening tho bearing within pernsatie sped Ais iting (epalting): Titlng i swthen fie fans dus to repay somfact esse 1 sts wen the toast Herts, contact sess Intieed on toner He0, cue HAO oe rolling clmris exceeds tho surface endirane strength, ‘Te pitng begins as @ mlererack on the surface and progressively develops into aig pion the src Remedies aglastpltng¢ The ptng canbe welded bye (Dreresing the sunties. hardness of roling clement and race and @) Miitining the 1 on te bearing wii the Tits, Scoring: Scoring is esemally a lubiation fur, Inadequate twbrieton slong with high loud and por sre nih results in rek-dowa ofthe lubrication film and canes ‘meta-to-mesal contact. Tis ess in excessive heat generation in the Jocalized region ef matalto-netal contact + This enuses rapid sltemate welding nnd tearing al high + Remedies: spots which skrown as slckaip phenomenon, sist scoring: Te Scring en be woided by Proving an adequate lobretion; (i) Providing the proper sree nish; (Gi) Maintaining he Tond within the i (iv) Maintaining the speed within te fii und ‘Abrasive wear: + Abrasive wears «suracedamoge caused by pais rapped between the rae sod rolling element, These particles may be: impuitsin lubricant, dnt enteing the bering fom outside or woniot particle of bering ill & ‘abrasive wene 1 the aheve wear () Providing the seas; A). Ineronsingthosucace hardness: and ‘i ‘Uso of high vicosity beating el, Corrosive wont: + Corrasive wene Is die tothe chemical action by the improper lubricant or vometines it may be de to the surrounding atrnospere which may be of cortosive ature ‘© Rensoles against corrasive wear : Te coxosive wear” can be avoided by (Using proper ubricant with proper adltives ; and (@)_ Providing complete enclosure forterng 4.23 LIST OF FORMULAE 1 3 where, # Equivalent static toad: Ft YoFa. Py = maxim or Fe Forstatc safety of bearing: C2 Equivalent dynamic load: = QVEFYEDK, whee, + V= LO forinner race otis + V=12forauterrre otis + Ve 10 forselfligning bearings Rating lite: ta = (S) itn etn Se 3 xtteige a © 103 frre bewings, ericaDosign of Machine Elements - Il (SPPU) 452 Rolling Contact Bearings 4 Relation between life In millon revolutions and lie | 7. Equivalent dynamic load for a bearing under cyctie In hours: fon buk@xn Nye Pay Ny (a AN (Pat NPR) tn 1a ne [ Hetenee iN, ‘] §, Life of bearing with roquired relly: Lop # NEN ON Hat + For three parnmeter for Weibull deibution + For three parameter for Well dati wher, #3 forbll bearings: b= aattaLiog (2) soe D forrtertearin 4+ Fortwo parameter Weibull distribution : Equivalent dynamle lead for a bearing under by yer varlable eyelle lond + | L = 6Htty[ on. (%)] te wy 6 Adjusted life of boar Re [ale o 3 Lye ayety tyele i ms at whe tk ge : wae, a, = aatfie I : 2 (i), + a trpterboxings aa w-Chupter Ends