J17/4/PHYSl/SP2/ENG/TZ0/XX

Paper 1 and 2 (combined) Name:-------------------------------------------

Monday 30 January 2017 (morning)

2 hours 15 minutes

Paper 2 ONLY.

81

22 pages

Page 1 of 22
J17/4/PHYSl/SP2/ENG/TZ0/XX

Part I: Answer the following: (1mark each)

1. Two satellites of equal mass, S1 and S2, orbit the Earth. S1 is orbiting at a distance r
from the Earth’s centre at speed v. S2 orbits at a distance 2r from the Earth’s centre at
v
speed 2 . The ratio of the centripetal force on S1 to the centripetal force on S2 is

1
A. 8.

1
B. 4.

C. 4.

D. 8.

2. A particle P is moving in a circle with uniform speed. Which one of the following
diagrams correctly shows the direction of the acceleration a and velocity v of the
particle at one instant of time?

A. a B. a
v

P v P

C. D.

a P a P
v

Page 2 of 22
J17/4/PHYSl/SP2/ENG/TZ0/XX

3. The centripetal force that causes a car to go round a bend in the road is provided by

A. the force produced by the car engine acting on the wheels.

B. the friction between the tyres and the road.

C. the weight of the car.

D. the force exerted by the driver on the steering wheel.

4. The centripetal force F acting on a particle of mass m that is travelling with linear speed
v along the arc of a circle of radius r is given by

v2
.
A. F = mr

B. F = mv2r.

C. F = mr2v.

mv 2
.
D. F= r

5. Which of the following expressions correctly relates the radius R of the circular orbit of
a planet round a star to the period T of the orbit?

A. R 3  T2

1
B. R 3  T2

C. R 2  T3

1
D. R 2  T3

6. A satellite of mass m and speed v orbits the Earth at a distance r from the centre of the
Earth. The gravitational field strength due to the Earth at the satellite is equal to

v
A. r.

v2
B. r .

mv
C. r .

Page 3 of 22
J17/4/PHYSl/SP2/ENG/TZ0/XX

mv 2
D. r .

7. For an object to be in translational equilibrium

A. it must be at rest.

B. it must be moving with a constant acceleration.

C. no external force must be acting on it.

D. the net force acting on it must be zero.

8. A mass is suspended from the roof of a lift (elevator) by means of a spring balance, as
illustrated below.

lift (elev ator)

m a ss

The lift (elevator) is moving upwards and the readings of the spring balance are noted as
follows.
Accelerating: Ra
Constant speed: Rc
Slowing down: Rs

Which one of the following is a correct relationship between the readings?

A. Ra > Rc

B. Ra = Rs

C. Rc = Rs

D. Rc < Rs

Page 4 of 22
J17/4/PHYSl/SP2/ENG/TZ0/XX

Page 5 of 22
J17/4/PHYSl/SP2/ENG/TZ0/XX

9. A ball of weight W is dropped on to the pan of a top pan weighing balance and rebounds
off the pan.

p an

0 0 .0 0

At the instant that the ball has zero velocity when in contact with the pan, the scale will
read

A. zero.

B. a value less than W but greater than zero.

C. W.

D. a value greater than W.

10. A body of weight 2W hangs vertically from a string attached to a body of weight W.
Weight W is released and both bodies fall vertically.

2W

Air resistance may be neglected. What is the tension in the string during the fall?

A. Zero

B. W

C. 2W

Page 6 of 22
J17/4/PHYSl/SP2/ENG/TZ0/XX

D. 3W

11. The heat capacity of a solid body is defined as

A. the thermal energy required to increase the body’s temperature by one degree.

B. the maximum thermal energy that must be supplied to melt the solid.

C. the total kinetic energy of the solid’s molecules.

D. the average kinetic energy of the solid’s molecules.

12. A fireman is holding a hosepipe so that water leaves the pipe horizontally. The hosepipe
has a constant cross-sectional area. The magnitude of the force that the fireman exerts to
hold the hosepipe stationary is F.

The volume of water delivered by the hose per second doubles, the force that the
fireman must now exert is

A. 2F .

B. 2F.

C. 4F.

D. 8F.

13. A ball, initially at rest, takes time t to fall through a vertical distance h. If air resistance
is ignored, the time taken for the ball to fall from rest through a vertical distance 9h is

A. 3t.

B. 5t.

C. 9t.

D. 10t.

14. A raindrop falling through air reaches a terminal velocity before hitting the ground. At
terminal velocity, the frictional force on the raindrop is

A. zero.

B. less than the weight of the raindrop.

C. greater than the weight of the raindrop.

D. equal to the weight of the raindrop.

Page 7 of 22
J17/4/PHYSl/SP2/ENG/TZ0/XX

15. A stone is thrown horizontally from the top of a high cliff. Assuming air resistance is
negligible, what is the effect of gravitational force on the horizontal and on the vertical
components of the velocity of the stone?

Vertical component of velocity Horizontal component of velocity

A. increases to a constant value stays constant

B. increases continuously stays constant

C. increases to a constant value decreases to zero

D. increases continuously decreases to zero

16. Juan is standing on the platform at a railway station. A train passes through the station
with speed 20 m s–1 in the direction shown measured relative to the platform. Carmen is
walking along one of the carriages of the train with a speed of 2.0 m s–1 measured
relative to the carriage in the direction shown. Velocity is measured as positive in the
direction shown on the diagram.

C a rm en
2 .0 m s – 1
20 m s – 1

Ju a n
p latfo rm

ve lo city m easu red a s a

p o sitiv e in th is d irectio n

The velocity of Carmen relative to Juan is

A. –22 m s–1.

B. –18 m s–1.

C. +18 m s–1.

D. +22 m s–1.

Page 8 of 22
J17/4/PHYSl/SP2/ENG/TZ0/XX

17. An object is falling, in air, towards the Earth’s surface.

What changes occur in the acceleration and in the velocity of the object as it approaches
terminal velocity?

acceleration velocity
A. decreases to zero increases continuously
B. decreases to zero increases to a constant
value
C. constant increases to a constant
value
D. constant increases continuously

18. Which one of the following is a scalar quantity?

A. Pressure

B. Impulse

C. Magnetic field strength

D. Weight

19. The resistive force F acting on a sphere of radius r moving at speed v through a liquid is
given by

F = cvr

where c is a constant. Which of the following is a correct unit for c?

A. N

B. N s–1

C. N m2 s–1

D. N m–2 s

Page 9 of 22
J17/4/PHYSl/SP2/ENG/TZ0/XX

20. Two objects X and Y are moving away from the point P. The diagram below shows the
velocity vectors of the two objects.

Velo city v e cto r for o b ject Y

P
Velo c ity v e cto r fo r o b je c t X

Which of the following velocity vectors best represents the velocity of object X relative
to object Y?

A. B.

C. D.

21. The length of a page of the examination paper is approximately 30 cm.

Which of the following gives the order of magnitude for the time taken for light to
travel the length of the page?

A. 10–7 s

B. 10–8 s

C. 10–9 s

D. 10–10 s
Page 10 of 22
J17/4/PHYSl/SP2/ENG/TZ0/XX

22. The variation with speed v of the force F acting on an object is given by the expression

F = pv2 + qv,

where p and q are constants.

What quantity should be plotted on the y-axis of a graph and what should be plotted on
the x-axis in order to give a straight-line graph?

y-axis x-axis
F
A. v
v
F
B.
v v2

C. F v

D. F v2

M
ρ
23. The density of a metal cube is given by the expression V where M is the mass and
V is the volume of the cube. The percentage uncertainties in M and V are as shown
below.

M 12

V 4.0

The percentage uncertainty in the calculated value of the density is

A. 3.0.

B. 8.0.

C. 16.

D. 48.

Page 11 of 22
J17/4/PHYSl/SP2/ENG/TZ0/XX

24. Joe is standing on the surface of a frozen pond and he throws a ball horizontally.
Considering Joe and the ball together, which one of the following correctly describes
the change in the magnitude of the momentum and the change in the kinetic energy of
Joe and the ball immediately after the ball is thrown?

Magnitude of momentum of Joe and Kinetic energy of Joe and

ball ball
A. No change Increases
B. Increases Increases
C. No change No change
D. Increases No change

25. A ball of mass 2.0 kg falls vertically and hits the ground with speed 7.0 ms–1 as shown
below.

7 .0 m s – 1

3 .0 m s – 1

before after

The ball leaves the ground with a vertical speed 3.0 ms–1.

The magnitude of the change in momentum of the ball is

A. zero.

B. 8.0 Ns.

C. 10 Ns.
Page 12 of 22
J17/4/PHYSl/SP2/ENG/TZ0/XX

D. 20 Ns.

Leave this page blank

Page 13 of 22
J17/4/PHYSl/SP2/ENG/TZ0/XX

Part II: Answer the following questions:

26. This question is about measuring the permittivity of free space ε0.

The diagram below shows two parallel conducting plates connected to a variable
voltage supply. The plates are of equal areas and are a distance d apart.

+
v ariab le v o lta g e su pp ly
d V
–

The charge Q on one of the plates is measured for different values of the potential
difference V applied between the plates. The values obtained are shown in the table
below. Uncertainties in the data are not included.

V/V Q / nC
10.0 30

20.0 80

30.0 100

40.0 160

50.0 180

Page 14 of 22
J17/4/PHYSl/SP2/ENG/TZ0/XX

(a) Plot a graph of V (x-axis) against Q (y-axis).

(4)

(b) Draw the line of best fit for the data points.
(1)

(c) Determine the gradient of your best-fit line.

(2)

....................................................................................................................................
Page 15 of 22
J17/4/PHYSl/SP2/ENG/TZ0/XX

....................................................................................................................................
.

(d) The gradient of the graph is a property of the two plates and is known as
capacitance. Deduce the units of capacitance.

....................................................................................................................................
.
(1)

The relationship between Q and V for this arrangement is given by the expression

ε0 A
V
Q= d

where A is the area of one of the plates.

In this particular experiment A = 0.20 m2 and d = 0.50 mm.

(e) Use your answer to (c) to determine a value for ε0.

....................................................................................................................................
.

....................................................................................................................................
.

....................................................................................................................................
.

....................................................................................................................................
.
(3)
(Total 11 marks)

Page 16 of 22
J17/4/PHYSl/SP2/ENG/TZ0/XX

27. Two identical springs A and B each have a force constant (force per unit extension)
of 2.5Ncm–1. One end of each spring is attached to a trolley and the other ends are
attached to rigid supports, as shown.
sup p o rt tro lle y

sprin g A sp rin g B

The springs are horizontal and, when the trolley is at rest, the extension of each spring is
3.0 cm. The trolley is displaced 1.2 cm to the right.
su p p o rt tro lley

sprin g A sprin g B

d isp lace m en t 1 .2 cm

Page 17 of 22
J17/4/PHYSl/SP2/ENG/TZ0/XX

(a) Calculate the magnitude of the force on the trolley due to

(i) spring A alone.

..........................................................................................................................
.

..........................................................................................................................
.
(2)

(ii) spring B alone.

..........................................................................................................................
.

..........................................................................................................................
.
(1)

(b) The trolley is released. Determine the initial acceleration of the trolley of mass
0.75 kg.

....................................................................................................................................
.

....................................................................................................................................
.

....................................................................................................................................
.
(2)
(Total 5 marks)

28. This question is about circular motion.

A stone is attached to an inextensible string. The stone is made to rotate at constant

speed v in a horizontal circle. Diagram 1 below shows the stone in two positions A and
B.

Page 18 of 22
J17/4/PHYSl/SP2/ENG/TZ0/XX

D ia g ra m 1 D ia g ra m 2

B A

A v

Diagram 2 above shows the velocity vector of the stone at point A.

(a) On diagram 2, draw vectors to show the change in velocity v of the stone from
point A to point B.
(3)

(b) Use your completed diagram 2 to explain why a force, directed towards the centre
of the circle, is necessary to cause circular motion.

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 5 marks)

29. This question is about circular motion.

Page 19 of 22
J17/4/PHYSl/SP2/ENG/TZ0/XX

A geo-stationary satellite is one that orbits the Earth in an equatorial plane in the same
direction of rotation as that of the Earth and with an orbital period of 24 hours. Since the
period of rotation of the Earth is 24 hours, this means that the satellite is stationary
relative to a point on the Equator.

(a) The diagram below shows a geostationary satellite in orbit about the Earth.

n o t to scale
sate llite

E arth

On the diagram above, draw an arrow to show the direction of acceleration of the
satellite.
(1)

(b) State the name of the force causing the satellite’s acceleration.

...................................................................................................................................
(1)

(c) The distance of the satellite from the centre of the Earth is 4.2  107 m. Calculate
the acceleration of the satellite.

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................
(3)
(Total 5 marks)

Page 20 of 22
J17/4/PHYSl/SP2/ENG/TZ0/XX

30. This question is about gravitational fields.

(a) Define gravitational field strength.

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................
(2)

(b) The gravitational field strength at the surface of Jupiter is 25 N kg–1 and the radius
of Jupiter is 7.1  107 m.

(i) Derive an expression for the gravitational field strength at the surface of a
planet in terms of its mass M, its radius R and the gravitational constant G.

.........................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................
(2)

(ii) Use your expression in (b)(i) above to estimate the mass of Jupiter.

.........................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 6 marks)

Page 21 of 22
J17/4/PHYSl/SP2/ENG/TZ0/XX

31. This question is about driving a metal bar into the ground.

Large metal bars can be driven into the ground using a heavy falling object.

o b je ct
m a ss = 2 .0 × 1 0 3 k g

b ar
m ass = 4 0 0 k g

In the situation shown, the object has a mass 2.0 × 103 kg and the metal bar has a mass
of 400 kg.

The object strikes the bar at a speed of 6.0 m s–1. It comes to rest on the bar without
bouncing. As a result of the collision, the bar is driven into the ground to a depth of 0.75
m.

(a) Determine the speed of the bar immediately after the object strikes it.

....................................................................................................................................
.

....................................................................................................................................
.

....................................................................................................................................
.

....................................................................................................................................
.

....................................................................................................................................
.

....................................................................................................................................
.
(4)

Page 22 of 22
J17/4/PHYSl/SP2/ENG/TZ0/XX

(b) Determine the average frictional force exerted by the ground on the bar.

....................................................................................................................................
.

....................................................................................................................................
.

....................................................................................................................................
.

....................................................................................................................................
.

....................................................................................................................................
.
(3)
(Total 7 marks)

32. This question is about the collision between two railway trucks (carts).

(a) Define linear momentum.

....................................................................................................................................
.

....................................................................................................................................
.
(1)

In the diagram below, railway truck A is moving along a horizontal track. It collides
with a stationary truck B and on collision, the two join together. Immediately before the
collision, truck A is moving with speed 5.0 ms–1. Immediately after collision, the speed
of the trucks is v.

5.0 m s – 1

B
A

Im m e d iately b efo re collisio n

B
A

Im m e d iately after co llisio n

Page 23 of 22
J17/4/PHYSl/SP2/ENG/TZ0/XX

The mass of truck A is 800 kg and the mass of truck B is 1200 kg.

(b) (i) Calculate the speed v immediately after the collision.

..........................................................................................................................
.

..........................................................................................................................
.

..........................................................................................................................
.

..........................................................................................................................
.
(3)

(ii) Calculate the total kinetic energy lost during the collision.

..........................................................................................................................
.

..........................................................................................................................
.
(2)

Page 24 of 22
J17/4/PHYSl/SP2/ENG/TZ0/XX

(c) Suggest what has happened to the lost kinetic energy.

....................................................................................................................................
.

....................................................................................................................................
.
(2)
(Total 8 marks)

33. This question is about the breaking distance of a car and specific heat capacity.

(a) A car of mass 960 kg is free-wheeling down an incline at a constant speed of 9.0
m s–1.

sp eed = 9 .0 m s -1

15

The slope makes an angle of 15° with the horizontal.

(i) Deduce that the average resistive force acting on the car is 2.4×103N.

..........................................................................................................................
.

..........................................................................................................................
.

..........................................................................................................................
.

..........................................................................................................................
.
(2)

(ii) Calculate the kinetic energy of the car.

..........................................................................................................................
.

..........................................................................................................................
.
(1)
Page 25 of 22
J17/4/PHYSl/SP2/ENG/TZ0/XX

(b) The driver now applies the brakes and the car comes to rest in 15 m. Use your
answer to (a)(ii) to calculate the average braking force exerted on the car in
coming to rest.

....................................................................................................................................
.

....................................................................................................................................
.

....................................................................................................................................
.

....................................................................................................................................
.
(2)

(c) The same braking force is applied to each rear wheel of the car. The effective
mass of each brake is 5.2 kg with a specific heat capacity of 900 J kg–1 K–1.
Estimate the rise in temperature of a brake as the car comes to rest. State one
assumption that you make in your estimation.

estimate:

....................................................................................................................................
.

....................................................................................................................................
.

....................................................................................................................................
.

....................................................................................................................................
.

....................................................................................................................................
.

assumption:

....................................................................................................................................
.

....................................................................................................................................
.
(4)
(Total 9 marks)

Page 26 of 22