Class 9

Chapter 1
Chemistry
HW till 18 April 2023

• Matter is something which has Mass and Volume.

• Mass is the amount of material in an object.
• Volume is the space occupied by the matter.

Physical nature of matter:

Matter is made up of particles .
The particles of matter are very small.

Characteristics of Particles of Matter

1. Particles of matter have space between them.

2. Particles of matter are continuously moving.

Particles of matter are continuously moving, ie they possess the kinetic energy. As the
temperature rises, the kinetic energy of the particles also increases. The intermixing of
particles of two different types of matter because of movement from high
concentration to low concentration is called
diffusion. On heating, diffusion becomes faster.

3. Particles of matter attract each other.

Page 3 Question 2.

Give reasons for the following observation:

The smell of hot sizzling food reaches you several meters away, but to get the smell from
cold food you have to go close.

Answer: The smell of hot sizzling food reaches severed meters away, as the particles of hot
food have more kinetic energy and hence the rate of diffusion is more than the particles of
cold food.

Page 3 Question 3
A diver is able to cut through water in a swimming pool. Which property of matter does
this observation show?

Answer: A diver is able to cut through water in a swimming pool. This shows that the water
is made up of particles and the particles have space between them.

Page.6 – Q.1
The mass per unit volume of a substance is called density (density = mass/volume). Arrange
the following in order of increasing density − air, exhaust from chimney, honey, water, chalk,
cotton, and iron.
Answer: Air < Exhaust from chimney < Cotton < Water < Honey < Chalk < Iron

Page.6 Q.2 (a)

Tabulate the differences in the characteristics of states of matter.
Sr. Property Solids Liquid Gases
No
1 Interparticle Very small, Comparatively large Very large
spaces particles are very
closely packed
2 Interparticle Very strong Weak Weakest, Particles
forces are very loosely
packed
3 Nature Very hard and Fluid Highly fluid
rigid
4 Compressibi Negligible Very less Highly
lity compressible compressible
5 Shape and Definite shape and Indefinite shape but Indefinite shape
Volume definite volume definite volume indefinite volume
6 Density Highest density Lesser than solids Lowest density
(mass/volum
e)
7 Molecular Lowest Comparatively high Very high
motion /
Kinetic
energy
8 Diffusion Negligible Slow Very fast

P – 6. Q – 2 (b)
Comment upon the following: rigidity, compressibility, fluidity, filling a gas container, shape,
kinetic energy, density and diffusion.
1. Rigidity - The tendency of matter to resist a change in shape.
2. Compressibility - The ability to be reduced to a lower volume when force is
applied.
3. Fluidity - The ability to flow.
4. Filling a gas container - The attainment of shape of the container by gas.
5. Shape defines a definite boundary.
6. Kinetic energy - the energy possessed by a particle due to its motion.
7. Density is mass per unit volume.
8. Diffusion is the phenomenon of intermixing of the particles of one substance in the
other substance.

P – 6. Q – 3 (a)
Give reasons: A gas fills completely the vessel in which it is kept.
Answer: There is little attraction between particles of gas so the gas particles move freely in
all directions and hence the gas completely fills the vessel in which it is kept.

P – 6. Q – 3 (b)
Give reasons: A gas exerts pressure on the walls of the container.
Answer: Particles of gas move randomly in all directions at high speed because the
interparticle force of attraction is lowest. As a result, the particles hit each other and also hit
the walls of the container with a force. Therefore, gas exerts pressure on the walls of the
container.

P – 6. Q – 3 (c)
Give reasons: A wooden table should be called a solid.
Answer: A wooden table has a definite shape and volume. It is very rigid and cannot be
compressed i.e., it has the characteristics of a solid. Hence, a wooden table should be called a
solid.

P – 6. Q – 3 (d)Give reasons: We can easily move our hand in air, but to do the same through
a solid block of wood, we need a karate expert.
Answer: because the particles of air have large spaces between them. Wood has little space
between its particles and it is rigid.

P – 6. Q - 4
Liquids generally have lower density as compared to solids. But you must have observed that
ice floats on water. Find out why.
Answer: Density = mass / volume. As the volume of a substance increases, its density
decreases.
Though ice is a solid, it has large number of empty spaces between its particles. These spaces
are larger as compared to the spaces present between the particles of water. Thus, the volume
of ice is greater than that of water and hence, the density of ice is less than that of water.
Therefore, ice floats on water.