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Types of Power Plant
Types of Power Plant
Power Plant
Energy provides the power to progress.
The natural resources of a country may be big but they can only be turned into wealth if
they are developed, adopted, and exchanged for the other goods. This cannot be
achieved without energy.
The availability of enough energy and its proper use in any country can result in its
people rising from the capital level to the highest standard of living.
The development of the power generation industry is a sign of growing gross national
products which reflects the prosperity of the people. The lack of it and insufficient
measure can throttle the whole economic activity and well being of the country.
Continuous efforts have been made to develop the power plants in a country in
different sections such as hydro, thermal, nuclear, solar, wind and tidal to meet the
present as well as future power demand.
The definition of a power plant is, It is a system where electric power is generated by
using energy resources such as solid fuels, liquid fuels, natural gas, hydro, nuclear,
solar, wind, tidal, etc.
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Types of Power Plants
Sources of Energy:
Generally, we can find the following sources of energy:
1. Solid fuels
2. Liquid fuels
3. Natural gas
4. Hydropower
5. Nuclear power
6. Solar power
7. Wind power
8. Tidal power
9. Geothermal energy
10. Hydrogen energy
11. Biomass energy
12. Wave energy.
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Types of Power Plants
This is the power plant which works individually and supplies the power to the whole
load. This type of plant takes the load on the base portion of the load curve. The load on
the plant remains more or less constant throughout the operation period. Baseload
plants are large in capacity. The load factor of these types of power plants is high.
The peak load plants are designed for taking care of the peak load of the demand curve.
These plants supply the power to the load premises when there is a peak load period
only. Rest of the time the power is supplied by main plants. In these types of power
plants, the main power plant is always required and hydropower plant works as
secondary plant and shares the load of two to three hours.
In hydro-power plants, the energy of water is used to move the turbines which in turn
run the electric generators. The energy of water used for power generation may be
kinetic or potential. Hydro-power is a conventional renewable source of energy which
is clean, free from pollution and has a good environmental effect.
It requires a large investment and involves increased cost of power transmission. The
main aim of the hydro-electric power plant is to harnessing power from water flowing
under pressure. This power plant has a high useful life of about 100-125 years. It
requires low maintenance cost compared to the thermal power plant. It can be started
quickly and synchronize the plant.
The steam power plant is also known as a thermal power plant. In which the heat
energy is converted into electrical power with the help of a steam turbine. The water is
heated, converted into steam and rotates a steam turbine which operates an electric
generator.
The fuel cost of the thermal power plant is relatively low. The heat production system is
very simple compared to the other system. We can produce thermal energy almost
everywhere in the world. These are located in a place where the movement of people is
minimum.
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Types of Power Plants
The diesel power plants are placed where the supply of coal and water is not available.
Or where power is to be generated in small quantity. Or where standby sets are
required for continuity of supply such as hospitals, telephone exchanges etc. These
plants in the range of 2 to 50 MW capacity are used as central stations for small supply
authorities and works.
The design and installation are very simple of these plants. It occupies less space
compared to other power plants. This plants can be easily started and put on a load
quickly. There is no problem with ash handling. It requires less quantity of water for
cooling purpose.
A nuclear power plant is a thermal power station in which the heat source is a nuclear
reactor. As in one of the thermal power stations, heat is used to produces steam that
drives a steam turbine attached to a generator that generates electricity.
The gas turbine is the most satisfactory power developing unit among various means of
generating mechanical power. It is done due to its excellent reliability, freedom from
vibration, and capability to produce large power from units of small size and weights.
The geothermal power plants are related to other steam turbine thermal power plants.
In this heat from the fuel source is used to heat water or any other working fluid. The
working fluid is then used to rotate on the turbine of a generator, for producing
electricity.
Tidal power or tidal energy is a form of hydropower that converts energy derived from
tides primarily into useful forms of electricity. Although not yet generally used, tidal
energy has the potential to generate future electricity.
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Types of Power Plants
A solar power plant is based on the conversion of sunlight into electricity either directly
photovoltaics or indirectly using concentrated solar power. Concentrated solar power
systems use lenses, mirrors and tracking systems to focus a large area of sunlight into a
small beam.
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Types of Power Plants
The nuclear power plant can be selected to set up near the sea, river, lake, etc. So that
the nuclear disposal can be done very safely without creating pollution to the
environment. When the load is smaller than the diesel power plant is preferred. If the
wind energy is available with sufficient hilly area then the wind power plant is
preferred. With the availability of solar energy, the solar power plant can be preferred.
The choice of a power plant further depends upon the availability of labour,
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Types of Power Plants
accessibility and transmission cost, etc. While choosing the type of power plant
following points are considered:
1. The type of fuel available or availability of suitable sites for water power
generation.
2. Fuel transportation cost.
3. Land required.
4. Foundation cost.
5. The availability of cooling water.
6. The type of load to be taken by the power plant.
7. Reliability in operation.
8. Plantlife.
9. Cost of transmitting energy.
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