3 科 技實驗 High Technology

詳解 P13~P19

一、綜合測驗
　　The moment Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin in 1928,
he has set a medical revolution in motion. Yet, things were not
always so easy as expected. Just three years after the f irst mass-
production of penicillin, resistant bacteria began to appear. Now,
some bacteria which was once 　　 have evolved resistance, and
many of the antibiotic drugs are losing their effectiveness.
　　Some strains of tuberculosis, for example, are now resistant to all available
antibiotics. 　　, tuberculosis is not the only resistant microorganism on the public
health horizon. The reason these drugs are losing their power is that they’re being
overused. Bacteria become resistant to antibiotics through overexposure to them.
　　Strong strains of the bacteria 　　 the exposure and pass on that resistance trait
to the next generations. And they also pass the trait across to other bacteria that are
unrelated, some of 　　 cause human disease.
　　Eventually the antibiotic 　　 all the weak bacteria, and only resistant bacteria
remain. Then the drug is no longer effective. Drug resistance, to its extreme, could
actually take human beings and modern medicine back hundreds of years prior to the
time when we had effective antibiotics.
1  biological  progressive  obedient  vulnerable
2  Identically  Unfortunately  Consequently  Simultaneously
3  survive  f lourish  forbid  govern
4  which  what  them  others
5  results from  brings about  wipes out  blends with

　　The amount of information available on the internet is

amazingly huge. The best way to access this information is to
submit queries to one of the many search engines, among
which the most popular is Google. It is roughly 　　 that

26 主題 3 　科技實驗
Google performs over 200 million searches per day.
　　Larry Page and Sergey Brin are the founders of Google. Page and Brin were then
graduate students at Standford University when they f irst had the idea of creating their
Google search engine. They began the project in Page’s dorm room and later moved
into a garage. They launched the f irst 　　 of Google search engine in 1998. Page
and Brin’s company stays 　　 the competition by fostering creativity in a fun
atmosphere.
　　The word “Google” has now been adopted by the English language. People who use
the search engine are known as “Googlers,” and “to google” is beginning to be 　　
a verb. For example, I want to google some reviews on the book.
　　More users now rely on Google to acquire information they need on the web 　　
the pains in sorting out useful information. It is thus hardly surprising that Google sits
securely among the top 10 in the global web property list. Why not “google” your own
name and see if it makes a hit in the cyber world?
6  assembled  overlooked  estimated  summarized
7  auction  faculty  resume  version
8  similar to  ahead of  inferior to  along with
9  recognized as  dedicated to  composed of  translated into
10  while  besides  though  despite

二、文意選填

 intended  crucial  inconclusive  conf irmed  emerged

 potential  account  enhance  relation  expand

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　　The controversy over the application of nanoparticles in

everyday products, such as cosmetics, has been going on for a
while now. The evidence is 　　 — it is too early to conclude
whether there is a risk or not. The cosmetics industry of course
maintains that their nanoparticle-containing products are perfectly safe because no

主題 3 　科技實驗 27
problem has 　　 so far. Consumer, health and environmental groups beg to differ
and claim that there is a 　　 risk because we just don’t know enough about this issue
and that we would rather overreact on the side of caution.
　　Cosmetic products are primarily 　　 for use on skin, hair or in the mouth
(toothpaste). Cosmetics manufacturers claim that nanoparticles serve various purposes.
They 　　 the formulation properties and acceptability, or have a direct effect on skin
and hair, like moisturizing or anti-aging formulations, make-ups and hair-conditioners,
or protect the skin, like UV-f ilters in sunscreens. One of the 　　 factors in assessing
possible risks associated with nanoparticles is their possible uptake. In other words,
the entrance of a particular nanomaterial into the human body and what subsequently
happens has a close 　　 with its accumulation in organs, effects on metabolism, and
excretion. Before any result can be 　　, consumers can never be too careful in using
nanoparticle-containing products.
　　On the other hand, experts suggest that the application of nanoparticles in
cosmetics should be supervised carefully, taking into 　　 those important factors
such as the physical and chemical characteristics of nano-materials used, and their
interaction with the cells. Moreover, the concerns of the use of nanoparticles should
　　 to all the other materials like organic solutions. Those materials have been
traditionally used in cosmetics and that are known to be non-safe in spite of their
accepted massive use.

三、篇章結構
　　If you touch your f inger to a hot stove, you know it is
going to hurt. 　　 According to a recent study, the part of
your brain that reacts to severe pain is largely the same part
that reacts to expectation of pain.
　　Researchers in this study worked with 10 volunteers, aged 24 to 46, and each
volunteer wore a device that gave out 20-second-long pulses of heat to the right leg.
There were three levels of heat, producing mild, moderate, or strong pain. During
training, the volunteer would f irst hear a tone, followed by a period of silence, and then
feel a heat pulse. 　　 The longer the pause, the stronger the heat pulse would be,

28 主題 3 　科技實驗
causing more severe pain.
　　A day or two later, the real experiment began. 　　 These were mainly the
same areas that became active when participants actually felt pain. Interestingly, when
the volunteers expected only mild or moderate pain but experienced severe pain, they
reported 28 percent less pain than when they expected severe pain and actually got it.
　　 Understanding how pain works in the mind and brain could eventually give
doctors tools for helping people cope with painful medical treatments.
䕷 The new study emphasizes that pain has both physical and psychological elements.
虲 They then learned to associate the length of the silent pause with the intensity of the
upcoming heat pulse.
 However, if you convince yourself beforehand that the pain won’t be so bad, you
might not suffer as much.
蚲 The researchers found that the parts of the brain involved in learning, memory,
emotion, and touch became more active as the volunteers expected higher levels of
pain.
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主題 3 　科技實驗 29
一、綜合測驗
　　Imagine that how convenient and fantastic it would be to send data through
your own body. Well, this is not a dream anymore. Scientists have been conducting
experiments by using the human body to 　　 information. With a portable device
close to some part of your body, data will be sent over the electric f ield on the surface
of your skin. Such a body network possesses the 　　 advantages.
　　To begin with, it will replace cables and make it possible to exchange pictures or
f iles with others just by shaking hands, dancing cheek to cheek, or kissing. Besides,
you don’t have to worry about the interception of information. The reason 　　 the
fact that the transmission through body network has to be within 20 centimeters from
your body. 　　 other people attempt to pick up the signals sent from you, they must
get very close to your body and you will get alerted.
　　Most important of all, the future body networking may serve as a means of
communication within the body. All you need to do is get numerous small devices like
chips 　　 under your skin. In this way, you may well send email by controlling your
own nervous system. Is that amazing?
1  transport  transform  transmit  transfer
2  ambiguous  upcoming  previous  following
3  trades with  tumbles over  consists in  prefers to
4  Even if  For fear that  Ever since  As though
5  implanting  implanted  implant  to implant

　　Malaria has existed since prehistoric times, and half of the world’s population is
still at risk of contracting it. What’s worse, hundreds of thousands of people die of it
each year, 　　 in Africa. It is a great pity that there are currently no effective or
approved malaria vaccines. Now scientists are trying to engineer mosquitoes to kill
malaria parasites, 　　 eliminating diseases via genetic modif ication.
　　The malaria parasite is carried by the female Anopheles mosquito. When a human
is bitten by an infected mosquito, the parasite travels f irst to the liver and then on to
the bloodstream, 　　 it destroys red blood cells. To “kill” malaria, scientists are
modifying a bacterium in mosquitoes so that it 　　 toxic compounds, making the
mosquito incapable of infecting humans with malaria.

30 主題 3 　科技實驗
　　Despite this, scientists are faced with the challenge of giving the modif ied
mosquitoes a competitive advantage so that they can eventually replace the wild
population. If some of the parasites 　　 the mechanism, then their next generation
will likely become resistant to it. If so, all efforts are in vain.
6  barely  mostly  fairly  tightly
7  in the hope of  in contrast to  at the risk of  with regard to
8  which  where  that  when
9  organizes  destroys  releases  processes
10  depart for  involve in  concern with  slip through

二、文意選填

 relieve  odor  required  sector  diaper

 inspired  indicate  place  teamed  waste

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16 17 18 19 20

　　Have you ever wondered how astronauts answer their natural

call out there in the space? The JAXA, Japan Aerospace Exploration
Agency, has 　　 up with engineers to develop a next-generation
space toilet at the beginning of the 21 st century. Though this
invention is not popular with astronauts obviously, we can still get
　　 by this innovative idea.
　　Clean and easy to use, the space toilet is designed to be worn like a 　　 around
the astronaut’s waist at all times. Sensors detect when users 　　 themselves,
automatically activating a rear-mounted suction unit that draws poop away from the
body into a separate container. In addition to washing and drying the wearer after each
use, it will incorporate features that eliminate unwanted sound and 　　.
　　JAXA’s space toilet research group includes engineers from the private 　　,
including toilet and chemical manufacturers. Plans are to test working prototypes
of the space toilet in Japan’s Kibo lab aboard the International Space Station (ISS).
The developers 　　 their next-generation space toilet may also prove useful in
earthbound settings — particularly in hospitals with bedridden patients.

主題 3 　科技實驗 31
　　The current ISS toilet is a Russian-built, western-style commode that sucks 　　
away like a vacuum cleaner. Lots of practice concerning the usage of that toilet is
　　 before heading to space, particularly because an improperly seated user has the
chance to create a messy situation.
　　Long-term stays in space 　  　 signif icant stress on the mind and body. The
toilet is expected to play a crucial role in maintaining good health in space.

三、篇章結構
　　In science f iction TV programs such as Star Trek, tractor beams are used to tow
spaceships and move objects. 　　 In 2013, they succeeded. A team of British and
Czech scientists, led by Dr. Tomas Cizmar, say they have created a real-life “tractor
beam,” like the kind from Star Trek, which uses a beam of light to attract objects, at
least at a microscopic level.
　　Light manipulation techniques have existed since the 1970s, but this is thought
to be the f irst time a light beam has been used to draw objects towards a light source.
　　 After many years’ research, Dr. Cizmar’s team discovered a technique that
allows for the radiant force of light to be reversed and to use the negative force to draw
out certain particles.
　　Dr. Cizmar says that even though it is a few years away from practical use, the
technology has huge potential for medical research. 　　 Therefore, it can pick up
particles that have specif ic properties, such as size or composition, in a mixture. Dr.
Cizmar told BBC News, “Eventually, this could be used to separate white blood cells,
for example.”
　　It has been a primary plot device in science f iction TV programs and movies to
allow objects like spaceships to be trapped in a beam of light. 　　 A transfer of
energy happens in the process. On a microscopic scale that is OK, but on a large scale
it would cause huge problems.
䕷 For years, scientists have labored to replicate this feat.
虲 In particular, the tractor beam is highly selective in the particles it can attract.
 But Dr. Cizmar said this particular technique would not eventually lead to that.
 Usually when microscopic objects are hit by a beam of light, they are forced along
the direction of the beam.
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32 主題 3 　科技實驗
一、綜合測驗
　　Here’s something to think about the next time you ask your teacher for help:
struggling with schoolwork on your own can help you learn. According to a recent
study, the more you struggle while you are learning new information, 　　 you can
remember it later. When teachers are presenting new information, they often give
students lots of help, but this may not be a good way to 　　 learning.
　　Education expert Manu Kapur tested this 　　 out on students in Singapore. He
separated students into two groups — the f irst group solving math problems with the
teacher’s help 　　 the other by helping one another without help from the teacher
in the beginning. The result was that students in the second group did not solve the
problems correctly like the f irst group. Instead, they did 　　 a lot of good ideas
and later scored much higher than the group who had help. So, put a lot of effort into
learning something new rather than going to your teacher for help instantly.
1  the better  at best  what’s better  best of all
2  overcome  motivate  circulate  exaggerate
3  formula  evidence  ambition  theory
4  since  though  while  unless
5  look up to  speak out for  come up with  make up for

　　Wireless car charging is the latest trend in transportation technology. In the near
future, drivers can have electric cars recharged without having to do anything.
　　According to Eric Giler, the CEO of wireless EV charging company WiTricity,
Toyota will begin to 　　 WiTricity wireless charging into its cars soon. WiTricity’s
approach to wireless charging is magnetic resonance. Its biggest advantage lies in
f lexibility. Carmakers have been exploring ways to make sure drivers can 　　
with the charging pads through the wireless connection. Now with WiTricity wireless
charging, no precise 　　 between the ground transmitter and car receiver is required,
which is the disadvantage of the old charging way. This new technology will surely set
Toyota cars apart from those of other carmakers 　　 their own seamless operation
and convenience.

主題 3 　科技實驗 33
　　 　　 Toyota, Nissan is also a client of WiTricity and plans to release its new
cars soon. With the rapid development of this technology, consumers can envision a
world where vehicles become cleaner and greener. In light of the problem of pollution
caused by burning fossil fuels, wireless car charging may provide a great alternative.
6  assemble  install  converse  speculate
7  line up  bring up  raise up  catch up
8  suspension  persistence  alignment  occurrence
9  rather than  in addition to  instead of  because of
10  Besides  Against  Except  Through

二、文意選填

 suggestion  negative  masters  stable  physical

 manipulated  fragile  succeeds  exhibits  total

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　　Are you interested in discovering how the brain works? Do you know how easily
the brain can be 　　 ? There are many videos online to present experiments that
show the views our minds may not be our brains’ 　　.
　　In one of the videos, Boeree, a mind control expert, 　　 her talents and
demonstrates how to use psychological tricks and mind control on the public to get
them to do surprising things. She challenges a strong man named Adam to some 　　
tasks such as jumping rope and weightlifting. She also measures his punching strength.
Controlled by some 　　 hints like “You cannot lift the pink weights,” Adam could
barely lift the dumbbell. Then, Boeree beats him down at a punching.
　　In another video, we can see another expert Lewis show his power of 　　 over
people’s memories. In the instance of Sam and Anna. He 　　 in making Sam forget
who Anna is, though the couple has been dating for a year. To Anna’s surprise, Sam
does not know who she is when she steps forward to talk to him, and he even falls
in love with Liv, a 　　 stranger to Sam. Through these events, Lewis shows that
memories are not 　　 at all.

34 主題 3 　科技實驗
　　These mind control experts reveal how 　　 and vulnerable our mind is and how
it can be controlled by using a range of techniques and tricks. Not as strong as people
think, our minds are usually inf luenced by external forces.

三、篇章結構
　　Nature is the most amazing nanotech engineer. 　　 It is just that people
previously knew what they could do but didn’t know how they worked. But now that
we can create nanotech, the mysteries are beginning to be exposed.
　　For instance, human teeth can survive for 1000 years without disintegrating
because the surfaces of the teeth have nanometric crystalline structures. An insect can
walk on water because of its nanometric structure. What’s more, the belly of a bee
has magnetic nanometric particles, which it uses like a compass to track its position in
relation to f lowers, its nest and other bees. 　　
　　Lotus is another good example. Why don’t water lilies get wet and dirty in the
mud? 　　 Since the phenomenon of self-cleaning is best studied in the lotus, it has
come to be known as the “Lotus effect.” Many nanotech experts wish to construct a
manmade world that is as clean and elegant as the good example that nature sets for us
human beings.
　　The lotus effect has been reproduced on various surfaces, such as wood, plastic,
glass, and metal. The applications are totally benef icial in everyday lives, contributing
to extend the life of different materials, improve their appearance, and avoid constant
investment in maintenance and cleaning. 　　
　　The unseen, untouchable realm of nanotech has already captured the imagination
of the world. Now, a fourth wave of technological innovation is looming. Toward
what future will nanotech push the world?
䕷 Everywhere in nature, there are fantastic nanometric structures.
 Their secret is a nanostructure on the surface of their f lowers and leaves.
蚒 If applied to a car, for example, it can be perfectly protected, extending durability
and avoiding fogging on rainy days.
蚲 Similarly, sea turtles also have similar kinds of particles, which enable them to
navigate vast distances in the ocean without getting lost.
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主題 3 　科技實驗 35
一、綜合測驗
　　In the desert of central Turkmenistan lies a massive gas crater dubbed the Door to
Hell. This aptly-named landmark is 　　 70 meters wide and 20 meters deep. The
f ires have been burning since 1971 and show no signs of going out. It was discovered
by a group of scientists who believed there were 　　 reserves of oil or gas beneath
the rock. However, when drilling started, the ground fell down into the center. No one
was hurt, but the incident 　　 the release of large amounts of poisonous gas. This
was both an environmental problem and a menace to those who live nearby.
　　The scientists decided to light f ires that would burn off the gas, f iguring that
it would only be a few weeks 　　 the gas was all gone. They evidently made a
miscalculation, as the f ires have been burning constantly for over 40 years. In 2010,
the president of Turkmenistan 　　 that the crater be f illed in to limit the amount
of gas that is burned. However, no action has yet been taken. Thus, the Door to Hell
remains f irmly open, drawing tourists to gaze into its f iery depths.
1  ultimately  respectively  approximately  constantly
2  miniature  suburban  destructive  abundant
3  triggered  consented  sponsored  exploited
4  until  when  before  since
5  exclaimed  recommended  diagnosed  contemplated

　　While scientists are racing to f ind ways of improving plants, medicine, and human
beings, many arguments are being brought about. Some arguments may be personal,
social, or economic but more likely, they 　　 be moral. And it is believed that
genetic engineering will keep on changing us throughout this century.
　　In general, people question the whole use of genetic engineering. Although
genetic engineering will improve the way we grow food and care for our environment,
people question its effect. There are bananas that produce human vaccines 　　
infectious diseases, f ish that mature more quickly, fruit and nut trees that yield years
earlier and plants that produce new plastics with unique properties. All these sound
good, but what may be questioned is how companies may 　　 their prof it and put
public health as the f irst consideration.

36 主題 3 　科技實驗
　　Also, genetically engineered plants may increase the world’s 　　, but biologists
worry that various species of viruses and bacteria may cause harm. On the other hand,
many people feel that genetic engineering is the inevitable wave of the future and
　　 we cannot afford to ignore a technology that has such enormous potential
benef its. How to strike a balance is still a big issue we have to face.
6  tend to  adapt to  owe to  contribute to
7  beyond  against  through  towards
8  show off  raise up　  get rid of　  put aside
9  whole population  birth rate  food supply  mass production
10  that  which  what  why

二、文意選填

 spot  effective  astonishing  measure  merely

 remain  reliability  practice  suff icient  monitor

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　　The police once in a while make use of technology to unveil the truth when
encountering crimes concerning lying, among which the polygraph test is the most
remarkable and common in use. It is used to 　　 changes in the body that can
indicate lying, such as blood pressure and heart rate. Though the 　　 of the test
may be doubted due to some savvy criminals, however, criminals nowadays may have
a hard time outsmarting “brain f ingerprinting.” That is, crime investigators can 　　
a suspect’s brain activity with scalp electrodes during questioning. With the aid of this
technique, investigators can detect whether the suspect has experienced the crime even
if he or she chooses to 　　 silent when only shown a photograph of a crime scene.
　　On the other hand, some people are capable of catching liars in a more 　　
way. For instance, at the University of California in San Francisco, deception expert
Maureen O’Sullivan tested over 13,000 people to see if they could identify liars 　　
by observing them. The result of the experiment showed that some police investigators
could 　　 liars in criminal cases up to 80 percent of the time. Fourteen others in
the study were even able to detect lies an 　　 90 percent of the time. In fact, the

主題 3 　科技實驗 37
average person rates around 50 percent. It seems that these people have an exceptional
power to perceive liars.
　　As with Olympic athletes, talent is a necessary, but not a 　　 condition for
athletic excellence. The development of even the greatest gifts takes 　　, and so
does detecting lies. There is no tricks, but a special talent with rich experiences.
　　Despite these ways to catch liars, that “honesty is the best policy” is a proverb
worthy of being kept in mind. After all, it is getting easier and easier for liars to be
captured in their own web of lies.

三、篇章結構
　　Space technology has advanced by leaps and bounds since its beginning in the
1960s. However, there are no more than f ive hundred people so far who have got the
chance to be out of Earth. 　　 Miraculously, it came into reality on June 21, 2004,
when Michael W. Melvill piloted SpaceShipOne into space.
　　This spacef light was the f irst privately funded one. 　　 Following the
success of the f light, Richard Branson, sponsor of SpaceShipOne, announced another
of his plans that a new space tourism company, Virgin Galactic, will f ly civilians
into suborbital space, with the Russian space program providing transport. 　　 It
is estimated that each passenger has to pay 190 , 000 dollars or so for a spacef light.
According to Virgin Galactic, the cost will mainly cover a two-week stay in space
and cosmonaut training in Russia, which includes adaptation to the gravity-free
environment, space-walk simulation, etc.
　　 　　 However, there is no doubt that many will still think the spacef light is
worthwhile despite such a high price. Due to the progress of space technology, the
dream of private spacef light is coming true. Watching Earth in outer space belongs to
the privileged astronauts no more. So, begin to save money, and count down to the day
you will be launched into space and take a look at the whole world.
䕷 It is thought to have initiated the Space Era in human history.
虲 Of course, the spacef light is still too costly for most of the masses.
蚒 The plan will make spacef light available to the general public by late 2007.
 To most people, travel in space is either news report on TV or a bizarre episode in
the sci-f i stories.
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38 主題 3 　科技實驗