All in One

MR.
Samir Ashour
Chapter (1)
Exam (1)
Q1
A. Write the scientific term for each of the following;
a. The physical quantity equivalent to the resistance of a conductor of length 1 m, area 1 m 2
at certain temperature. [SPECIFIC RESISTANCE]
b. The electric potential difference at the terminals of an ohmic resistance of 1 ohm that
supports current of 1 Ampere. [VOLT]
c. The electric resistance of a conductor that supports an electric current of 1 Ampere at a
potential difference of 1 volt at its ends. [OHM]
d. The law stating that "the passing current across a conductor is directly proportional to the
potential difference at its ends". [OHM'S LAW]
e. The quantity of electric charge flowing through a given sectional area each second
providing an electric current of intensity 1 Ampere. [COULOMB]
B. First; write down two affecting factors upon each of the following quantities:
a. The electric conductivity for a substance. [TYPE OF MATTER/ TEMPERATURE]
b. The electric resistance of a conductor. [LENGTH / SECTIONAL AREA / TEMP.]
c. The electric current intensity through a closed circuit. [e.m.f of source / equivalent circuit
resistance]
Second; compare between each of the following;
a. The electric resistance [ohm] and the specific resistivity [Ω.m] (due to the measuring unit).
b. The electric current intensity [Ammeter] and the potential difference [Voltmeter] (due to
the apparatus used for their measurement).
c. Kirchhoff's 1st. [conservation of electric charge] and 2nd. Law [conservation of electric
energy] (due to the scientific principle on which each is based)
C. A voltmeter of resistance 500 Ω is joined in parallel with an unknown resistance, then an

ammeter is joined in series with the combination, and the set is then joined with an electric
source, the reading of ammeter is 0.01 A, and the reading of voltmeter is 3 volt, determine the
value of the unknown resistance. [Ans; 750 Ω]
𝑉 3 𝑉 3
Answer; I voltmeter = 𝑅 = 500 = 0.006 A, I resistance = 0.010 – 0.006 = 0.004 A, R = 𝐼 = 0.004 = 750 Ω.
Q2;
A. Mention the scientific reason for each of the following;
a. The decrease in the total resistance for a group of resistors being joined in parallel.
[as the reciprocal of total resistance for a group of parallel joined resistors equals the sum of
their reciprocals]
b. The increase in the total resistance for a group of resistors being joined in series.
[as the total resistance for a group of series joined resistors equals the sum of these
resistors]
c. Changing the terminal voltage at the ends of an electric source by changing the total
circuit resistance.
[as V = VB – Ir, so by increasing the total external resistance decreases the total current, this
decreases the voltage lost inside the source, increasing the terminal voltage]
Page 1 of 59 Mr. Samir Ashour 1

d. The changing the resistance value of rheostat "variable resistor". [by changing
the length through which the current travels, changes the resistance value of rheostat]
e. Joining the domestic appliances and lamps in parallel. [so, each
device works independently, if one failed or switched off all other appliances work normally,
also, all work on similar voltage, decreasing total resistance, increasing total current].
B. First; write the mathematical relation for each of the following:
a. Kirchhoff's 1st. law. [Iin = Iout]
𝒆 .𝑳
b. The electric resistance of a metallic wire in terms of its resistivity. [R = ]
𝑨
c. Ohm's law for a closed circuit. [VB = I(R+r)]
Second; write down two equivalent measuring units for each of the following;
a. The electric resistance. [Ohm / volt.Ampere-1]
b. The electric current intensity. [Ampere / C.S-1]
c. The electric power. [Watt / volt.Ampere]
C. In the given electric circuit, find out:

a. The electric potential difference between a and b (Vab).
2 = I + 0.5 , I = 1.5 A,
Vab + 2(1 + 4) – 12 = 0 , Vab = 2 volt.
b. The e.m.f of the unknown source (VB).
2 – (1.5 × 4) + VB = 0 , VB = 4 V.
c. The value of the unknown resistor (R).
For the right path: 1.5(3 + 1) – 4 – 0.5R = 0 , R = 4 Ω.
Q3
A. Choose the correct answer;
a. The magnitude of voltmeter resistance in the given figure
is 100 KΩ, its reading = … volt.
i. 4
ii. 3
iii. 2
iv. Zero
b. On joining a group of identical resistors in series, their equivalent resistor is 100 Ω, so on
joining them in parallel their equivalent resistor is 4 Ω, each of them = …. Ω.
i. 40
ii. 30
iii. 20
iv. 10
c. In the opposite figure; the reading of voltmeter = …. volt.
i. 4
ii. 6
iii. 8
iv. 12
d. Three identical lamps are joined in series with an electric source of negligible internal
resistance, then they were joined in parallel with the same source, so; the ratio between
the consumed power in the two circuits is …...
i. 1 : 2
Mr. Samir Ashour 2

ii. 1 : 3
iii. 1 : 6
iv. 1 : 9
e. In the given figure; what happens for the
illumination of lamps A and B, on moving the
slider P from the points X to the point Y?
[Neglect the internal resistance of the source]
LAMP "A" LAMP "B"
A Unchanges Increases
B Increases Increases
C Decreases Unchanges
D Increases Decreases
B. First; the given graphical relation for voltage current of two metallic
wires (A and B), as the two wires are similar in length and sectional area:
a. Which wire has a greater ohmic resistance? Why?
Wire (A), as it has a greater slope.
b. On joining the two wires in parallel with an electric source, which
wire consumes more electric power? Why?
Wire (B), as the electric power is inversely proportional to the electric resistance at constant voltage.
Second; you have a copper wire rolled as a circular coil, its radius is (r) and its number of turns
(N), Ammeter, voltmeter, connecting wires and a ruler" using the previous tools only explain the
practical steps used to determine the specific resistance of copper.
1. Join the copper wire with a battery, a switch and an ammeter with connecting wires.
2. Join a voltmeter in parallel with the copper wire.
3. Switch the circuit ON, and record the readings of ammeter and voltmeter.
𝑉
4. Determine the resistance value of the copper wire, as R = 𝐼 .
5. Use the ruler to measure the length of wire, then calculate the radius of the wire as: L = N.2r.
6. Determine the cross-sectional area A = r2.
𝑅.𝐴
7. Determine the specific resistance: e = .
𝐿
C. A thread of mercury of length 106.3 cm, its sectional area is 1 mm2, has a resistance of 1 Ω,
calculate:
a. The specific resistivity of mercury.
𝑅.𝐴 1 ×1 × 10−6
e = = = 9.4 × 10-7 Ω.m.
𝐿 1.063
b. The electrical conductivity of mercury.
1 1
= = = 1.063 × 106 Ω-1.m-1.
𝑒 9.4 × 10−7
Q4
A. Give reasons for;
a. A potential difference is needed to transfer electric charge between the ends of an electric
conductor.
As a work is needed for the electric charges to flow through the electric resistance.
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b. The electrical conductivity for a conducting material doesn't change due to the change in
its dimensions.
As it is a characteristic property for matter and depends only on its type and temperature.
c. The terminal voltage at the ends of an electric source equals its e.m.f as no current flows
in the circuit.
As; V = VB – Ir, in case of open circuit, no current (I = 0), V = VB.
d. Rheostat can control the intensity of passing current through the circuit.
As the passing current in the circuit is inversely proportional to the total resistance that is
changeable due to the adjustable value of rheostat.
e. The electric resistance of a conductor decreases by increasing its sectional area at constant
length and temperature.
As the ohmic resistance of a conductor is inversely proportional to its sectional area, and the thick
wire acts as a group of resistors joined in parallel.
B. First; what is meant by each of the following;
a. A work of 500 Joule is needed to transfer a charge of 50 Coulomb from one point to another.
500
The electric potential difference is = 10 volt.
50
b. The electric current intensity at a point is 5 A.
A charge of 5 Coulombs crosses the given sectional area per second.
c. The specific resistance of copper at certain temperature is 1.68 × 10 -8 Ω.m.
A copper made conductor of 1 m long, sectional area 1 m2 has a resistance of 1.68 × 10-8 Ω.
Second; prove that "in series joining the equivalent resistance for three resistors is determined
using the relation: R equivalent = R1 + R2 + R3". See the text
C. The following table relates the terminal voltage at a source and passing current;
V (volt) 8 7 5 3 1 B
I (Ampere) 0.5 1 2 a 4 4.5
Plot a graphical relation between
voltage on Y-axis and current on X-axis,
then use the graph to determine the
magnitude of:
a. a = 3 A and b = 0.
b. The e.m.f of the source = 9 volt.
c. The internal resistance of the
0−8
source = - Slope = - [4.5−0.5] =2 Ω.
Mr. Samir Ashour 4

Exam (2)
Q1
A. Write down the scientific term for each of the following:
a. The reciprocal of the electrical resistance of conductor whose length 1 m, area 1 m 2 at
certain temperature. [Electric conductivity of substance]
b. The work needed to transfer a charge of 1 Coulomb at the ends of a conductor.
[electric potential difference]
c. The terminal voltage at a source in an open circuit. [e.m.f]
d. The law states that "the algebraic sum of currents entering a point in a closed circuit
equals the sum of currents that emerge from it". [Kirchhoff's current law]
e. A flow of electric charges through a conductor. [electric current]
B. First; mention one factor affecting each of the following;
a. The specific resistance of a conductor. [type of material / temperature]
b. The electric current intensity passing through a conductor joined with a battery of
negligible internal resistance. [the potential difference / the resistance of conductor]
c. The direction of electric current flow between two points in the electric circuit.
[current flows from point of high potential to point of low potential]
Second; compare between:
a. Specific resistivity [decreases on cooling] of silver and its electrical conductivity [increasing
on cooling].
b. The potential difference at the ends of two identical wires in length and sectional area,
one made of copper [smaller potential difference] and the other is platinum [greater
potential difference], as they are joined in series with an electric source. [knowing that; the
resistivity of copper is smaller than the resistivity of platinum].
c. The electric potential difference between two points [the work needed to transfer a charge
of 1 Coulomb from one point to another] and the e.m.f of a source [the total work needed
to transfer a charge of 1 Coulomb along the whole circuit] (due to the physical meaning).
C. In the given circuit; using Kirchhoff's laws find out:
a. The current intensity passing through each branch.
Applying KCL at point A; I1 + I2 – I3 = 0 …………………….. eqn. (1)
Applying KVL at the left loop; 0 I1 + 5 I2 + 3 I3 = 7 …….. eqn. (2)
Applying KVL at the right loop; 6 I1 - 5 I2 + 0 I3 = 3.5 … eqn. (3)
Solving the three equations; I1 = 1 A , I2 = 0.5 A , I3 = 1.5 A.
b. The electric potential at the point (A) = the drop-in voltage from point A to Earth where the
voltage is zero value, so; VA = I.R = 1.5 × 2 = 3 volt.
Q2
A. Define each of the following:
a. Kirchhoff's 2nd. Law. [the sum of voltages along a closed loop equal zero]
b. The electric resistance of a conductor. [the opposition of a conductor against the flow of
electric charges]
c. Ampere. [the electric current intensity as a charge of 1
Coulomb is flowing through a given sectional area per second]
d. Electric current intensity. [ the quantity of electric charges flowing through a
given sectional area per second]
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B. First; write down the mathematical relation presenting each of the following;
a. Ohm's law. [V = IR]
b. Electric power. [P = VI]
st
c. Kirchhoff's 1 . law. [ I = 0]
Second; mention the physical quantity being measured by each of the following units, then write
an equivalent unit for each.
a. A.Ω. [electrical potential difference / volt]
b. A.s. [Quantity of charges / Coulomb]
c. Ω .m .
-1 -1 [electric conductivity / A.V-1.m-1]
C. In the given figure; what is the reading of ammeter and voltmeter in the following cases?
a. Opening both of key S1 and S2. [V = VB = 2 volt]
2
b. Closing both of key S1 and S2. [V = IR = 3 × 0 = 0]
2
c. Closing key S1 and Opening S2. [V = IR = 8 × 5 = 1.25 volt]
Q3
a. In the opposite figure; as the passing current through the
resistor R1 is 2 A, so the equivalent circuit resistance is … Ω.
i. 3
ii. 4
iii. 6
iv. 12
b. In the given circuit; the value of resistor R is … Ω.
i. 2
ii. 4
iii. 6
iv. 8
c. In the given circuit; the current passing through the 2 Ω resistor is 1 Ampere, so the
current passing through the 12 Ω resistor is …
Ampere.
i. 0.5
ii. 1
iii. 1.5
iv. 2
d. In the given circuit; the battery is joined with the points X and Y, so; the equivalent
resistance between X and Y = … Ω.
i. 2
ii. 4
iii. 6
iv. 8
e. In the previous figure; on replacing the 7 Ω
resistor with the battery, so; the equivalent resistance between X and Y = … Ω.
i. 40
ii. 41
iii. 42
iv. 43
B. First; when could the following quantities are equal numerically?
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a. The electric resistance of a conductor and the electric resistivity of its material.
[as the length is 1 m and the sectional area is 1 m2 at fixed temperature]
b. The electric current intensity through a conductor and the voltage at its ends.
[as the conductor resistance is 1 Ω]
c. The electric current intensity through two different resistors in value that are fitted in one
circuit. [as both are joined in series]
Second; in the given figure; three identical lamps joined with
a source of negligible internal resistance, what happens for
the illumination of lamp (B) on closing the key (S)? why?
[No change in illumination of B, as the voltage at which doesn't change]
Also; if the source internal resistance is not negligible, what happens for the illumination of lamp
(B) on closing the key (S)? why? [illumination decreases, due to the decrease in terminal voltage]
C. in the given circuit; use Kirchhoff's laws to determine:

a. The reading of ammeter.
b. The potential difference between A and B.
c. The point potential at X.
Applying KCL at point C; I1 + I2 – I3 = 0 ……………………... eqn. (1)
Applying KVL at the loop (1); 20 I1 + 0 I2 + 10 I3 = 30 … eqn. (2)
Applying KVL at the loop (2); 0 I1 +10 I2 + 10 I3 = 20 … eqn. (3)
Solving the three equations; I1 = 0.8 A, I2 = 0.6 A, I3 = 1.4 A.
a. The reading of ammeter = I1 = 0.8 A.
12
b. The current through the point A = 18 × 0.6 = 0.4 A, the current through point B = 0.6 – 0.4 = 0.2
A, The potential difference between A and B = (0.2×8) – (0.4×2) = 0.8 volt.
c. The point potential at X = the potential difference between XY as VY = 0;
VX = -30 + (8×0.8) - (4×0.4) = -26 volt.
Q4
a. The resistance value changes for a conductor by raising its temperature.
[As on raising the temperature of a conductor, the amplitude of vibrating molecules increases,
increasing both of resistance and resistivity].
b. The specific resistance doesn't change by changing the sectional area of a conductor.
[As the specific resistance of a substance is a physical property for such substance only depends
on type of matter and temperature]
c. On joining three identical lamps in series with a battery, the illumination intensity of them
differ from there illumination when being joining in parallel with the same source. [As in
series joining the total resistance increases decreasing the total current, and the delivered
power from the source decreases decreasing the illumination of each lamp, while in parallel
joining, the total resistance decreases, increasing the total current, and the delivered power
from the source increases, increasing the illumination of each lamp]
d. Terminal voltage at the poles of a battery in a closed circuit is always smaller than its e.m.f.
[As (V = VB – Ir) so, a part of the total work delivered from the source is used up inside the
source to overcome the internal resistance(Ir), V < VB]
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e. The electric resistance of a conductor increasing by increasing its length at constant sectional
area and temperature.
[As electric resistance is directly proportional to the conductor length at constant area and
temperature, and the long wire behaves as a group of resistors being joined in series]
B. First; mention the results for each of the following;
a. For the resistance value on doubling the passing current at constant temperature.
[no change, as the resistance value, only the potential difference at the ends of the
conductor is doubled]
b. For the specific resistance of a conductor on doubling its length at constant temperature.
[no change, as the specific resistance of substance is characteristic property of matter at
constant temperature, doubling length of a conductor only double its ohmic resistance]
c. The total resistance in an electric circuit, on adding more resistors in series.
[Total resistance increases, as the total resistance equals the sum of added resistors]
Second; write down the slope value for each of the following graphs;
Resistance (R) - r [(-ve) internal resistance] 𝑒

𝐿
C. The following table provides the relation between the electric resistance and reciprocal of areas
for many wires of similar length = 12 m, type and temperature but of different areas.
R (Ω) 5 7.5 10 15 23 30
𝟏 2 2.5 3.3 5 7.7 10
× 106 (m2)
𝑨
Plot the graphical relation between the resistance on the vertical axis, and the reciprocal of area
on the horizontal axis, then use the graphical relation to determine:
a. The resistance value for a wire of similar length and material of sectional area 0.0025 cm 2.
b. The electrical conductivity for the wire's material.
30 − 7.5
Slope = R.A= (10 −2.5) × 106
= 3  10-6 .m2.
𝑆𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 3 × 10−6
𝐞 = = = 2.5  10-7 .m.
𝐋 12
𝐞 .𝐋 2.5 × 10−7 × 12
𝑅= = = 12 .
𝐀 25 × 10−8
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•
D Choose the correct answer of the given answers
1. To move 6.25 x 10 18 electron between the terminals of a resistor in two seconds
, the potential difference should be 12 V, so the value of resistance is .. • · .... • •
a.240. b.120. c.6n. d. 3.84 Q.
2. What will happen to the reading of the devices shown
in the figure when the value of rheostat (Ri) increases ? · · · · · · · · · •
Ammeter's Voltmeter's Voltmeter's

reading (A) reading (V) reading (V 1)
a. decreases decreases increases
b. doesn't change decreases doesn't change
C. decreases decreases decreases
d. decreases increases mcreases
3. The resistance of the voltmeter in the figure is 100 kn (neglecting

the internal resistance of the battery) what is its reading ? ··········
a.O b. 2 V.
c.3V. d.4V.
4. In the opposite figure:

When connecting a battery to points X, Y, the equivalent
resistance between X, Y equals•·······
· ·
a.2Q. b.4Q.
C. 6Q. d. 8Q.
5. In the previous figure, if the resistor 7Q is replaced by a battery, the equivalent
resistance of the circuit becomes ..........
a.40Q. b.41Q. c.42Q. d.43Q.
If the electric current passing through a resistor 2Q is 1A,
so the current intensity passing through the resistor 12Q
equals······ ....
a.0.5 A. b. lA.
C. 1.5A. d.2A.
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7. The reading of voltmeter in the opposite circuit ..........
a.4V. b.6V.
C. 8V. d.12V.
8. In the shown circuit: What will happen to illumination of the two

bulbsA, B during sliding (P) from point X to point Y ? ..........
(neglecting the internal resistance of the battery).
Bulb (A) Bulb (B)
a. doesn't change mcreases
b. mcreases increases
C. decreases doesn't change
d. mcreases decreases
9. If three identical lamps are connected in series to a battery, its internal resistance
is negligible, then it is connected again in parallel to the same source, so the ratio
between the consumed power in each of the two circuits respectively ..........
.1 b. 3 1 c. 1 d. 1
a 2 6 9
10. When two resistors R, 4R are connected in parallel to a battery, so the consumed power
through the resistance R is .......... the consumed power through resistance 4 R. (Booklet 4)
a.four times b.double c. equal d.quarter
11. In the circuit shown in front of you, when switch (S) is closed, so . . . . . . . . .. Vi
a. The reading of the voltmeter decreases and the reading of
the ammeter decreases.
b. The reading of the voltmeter decreases and the reading of the ammeter
increases.
c. The reading of the voltmeter increases and the reading of the ammeter
decreases.
d. The reading of the voltmeter increases and the reading of the ammeter
increases.
II Give reason for:
1. Potential difference between the terminals of the conductor must be existed to transfer
electric charges through it.
2. The electric current intensity passing through an electric circuit can be controlled by
using rheostat.
3. The resistivity of a conductor material doesn't change by changing its cross-sectional
area.
Mr. Samir Ashour 10

4. The conductivity of a conductor material doesn't change by changing its dimensions.
5. If three identical lamps are connected in series to a battery, so the illumination of each one differ
from the other unless it is connected in parallel with the same source
6. The potential difference between the terminals of the electric source changes by changing the
total resistance of its circuit.
11 When do the following quantities equal each other:
1. The electric resistance of the wire and the resistivity of a conductor material.
2. The current intensity passing through a conductor and the potential difference between
its ends. (Booklet 2)
3. The electric current passing through two different resistances which are connected
together in a closed electric circuit.
ii Miscellaneous questions:
I. Compare between : The potential difference between the terminals of two identical
wires in length and cross-section area, one of them is made of copper and the other is made
of platinum and they are connected in series with neglecting the change in temperature
(Knowing that the resistivity of copper is less than that of platinum).
2. If you have a bully coiled with copper wire in form of a circular loop and its ends
appears from the wire, explain the procedure to determine the resistivity of the wire by
knowing that the radius of the wire is (r) and number of turns (N) by using ammeter,
voltmeter, connecting wires, battery and ruler.
3. The graphical relation represents the relation between the
potential difference across each of the two wires A, B and
the current intensity passing through each of them if the
two wires have the same length and cross-sectional area.
(a) Which of the two wires have large resistance? And why?
(b) If the two wires are connected together in parallel with
the same source? Which one consumes large power? And why?
Three identical lamps are connected to a battery of
negligible resistance
(a) What will happen to the illumination of lamp (B) at
closing switch (S) with explanation?
(b) If the internal resistance of the battery isn't neglected, what will happen to
the illumination of lamp (B) at closing switch (S)? With explanation.
5. Write two factors affecting the current intensity passing through the battery at closing
its circuit.
Mr. Samir Ashour 11

b Problems:
1. A column of mercury in a tube of length 106.3 cm, cross-section area 1 mm2 and
resistance 1 Q, calculate:
(a) The resistivity of mercury.
6 -1 . -1
(b) The electric conductivity of mercury. (9.41 x 10-7 Q.m, 1.06 x 10 Q m )
2. A voltmeter of resistance 500 Q is connected in parallel to an unknown resistance
then an ammeter is connected in series to them, when the terminals of the group are
connected to an electric cell, so the reading of ammeter is 0.01 A and the voltmeter is
3 V, find the value of the unknown resistance. (750 Q)
R
3. If the reading of ammeter in the opposite circuit was 2 A.
calculate: 6Q
12V
(a) The current intensity passes through the circuit.
(b) The value of resistance (R). (3 A, 2 Q) (Booklet 2)

What are the readings of ammeter and voltmeter in 2V
the following cases?
(Knowing that the internal resistance of the battery is
3Q
negligible).
(a) at opening two switches S 1 , S 2 together.
(b) at closing two switches S 1 , S2 together.
(c) at dosing switch S1 and opening switch S2. (0, 2 V, ff A, 0, 0.25 A, 1.25 V)
5. In the circuit shown in the figure, calculate 2Q
the equivalent resistance and also the reading

of ammeter. (2 Q, 5 A)
IQ
H
2V
H�
12V
2A a 0.5A
6. In the opposite electric circuit, calculate :
·1l
I
(a) The potential difference between two points a, b (Vba).
30
(b) The electromotive force (V8) 1 (Vs\= 12v
V
( 9)1 r1= to
(c) The value of resistance (R). (2 v, 4 v. 4 Q) r2= IQ
7. In the electric circuit shown in the figure and by 13
using the two Kirchhoff's laws, find each of:

(a) The electric current passing through each branch. 2
(b) The electric voltage at point (A). Earth
( I A , 05 A . 1.5 A , 3 V)
Mr. Samir Ashour 12
8. In the circuit shown in the figure and by using
Kirchhoff's laws, find each of:
(a) The reading of the ammeter.
(b) The potential difference between points A, B.
(c) The electric voltage at point X.
(0.8 A , 0.8 V, 26 VJ
9. In the opposite circuit, calculate :

(a) The electric current intensity passes
through the resistor R3 .
(b) The consumed power in the electric circuit.
( j A, 8.57 W) (Booklet II
__ Booklet Model  of the Ministry of Education 9
201
Booklet Model  of the Ministry of Education 2019
 Define:
@ The electrical conductivity of a conducting material.
@ Electromotive force (emf) for an electric cell.·
 Give reason:
@ The value of the electric current in a closed circuit that contains a capacitor, a coil
and an ohmic resistance reaches maximum at resonance.
 Choose the correct answer :

 The opposite figure shows the relation between the potential difference across
the poles of a cell in a closed circuit and the current intensity through the circuit. The
internal resistance of the cell is ....................
01.sn @0.5Q
(D2n
@)40
 In the circuit shown, the reading of the ammeter (A) is......
 0.38A
 1A
1.25A
 2.14
Mr. Samir Ashour 13
 In the opposite figure the equivalent resistance
of this group of resistors is ------
0 IQ
@ 9n
(s)6Q
@3Q
 In the circuit shown in the figure below, the value of

the _resistance (Rfthat makes the reading of ammeter 5A
when the key (K) is closed equals ------
02 Q
@4Q
@)6Q
,,.._; ·:.·•
@8Q
 In the circuit shown in the figure below, the value of the
resistance (R) that makes the reading of the voltmeter 5 V
is------
·0·1.5.Q,
@5 Q
(s)5.5Q
@6Q
 In the circuit shown in the figure, calculate the value of

the current ½ and 13
 @ Prove without drawing that the equivalent resistance R of three resistors R 1 , R2 , R3

. 1
, connected .m para11e1 1s
. given
. .... -1R
by the re1ation --= 1 1
R I + -R2 + R 3
@ The graph represents the relation between voltage V(volt)

and current through two metal wires (A) and (B) that (A)
are of the same material and with the same length,

(B)
which of the two wires has
First: more resistance.
Second: greater cross-sectional area.
Mr. Samir Ashour 14

Booklet Model  of the Ministry of Education 

Mr. Samir Ashour 15


Booklet Model  of the Ministry of Education 


Mr. Samir Ashour 16


Booklet Model  of the Ministry of Education 


Mr. Samir Ashour 17

Booklet Model  of the Ministry of Education 

Booklet  2018 
The electric resistance
 of the wire decreases 16
@It means that the total work
done inside and
times but its resistivity
outside the electric cell to remains the same.
transfer an electric charge of 1 C
in the electric circuit =1.5 volt
@ It means that the electric
current passing in that
conductor=10 A
Mr. Samir Ashour 18

Mr. Samir Ashour 19
Mr. Samir Ashour 20
Mr. Samir Ashour 21
Mr. Samir Ashour 22
0 + 2 12 + 5 13= 20 G)
Substitute from@) in G)
 @ ·: I= I + 1 + 1 I 2 3
y V1 V, V3
: . R = � + R: + R3
·: v = v 1= v2= V3
:. ':
R
=�+�+�
R R R
:. + = J_ + J_ + J_
1 2 3
R R1 R2 R3
Booklet  2019

  It is the quantity of
electric charges passing through a
cross-section of a conductor in
one second.
@ It is the reci�rocal of the
resistance of a conductoriof
length one meter and its cross
section area 1 m2 at a certain
temperature.

Booklet  2019
 @@21 V.
 @@2.SA.
 Ita co;, theductor
rec;�rncal of the res;stance of
of le gth one meter a d  @@6.Q.
cross-section area I m at a certain temperature.
n n n
2
@ It is the total work done to transfer a quantity of

®@2ov.
electricity of l coulomb through the whole circuit. 

 @0.5Q. @lA. @3.Q.
@4.Q. @5.5 n. 

1 1 - 12 + 13= 0 CD
From loop (1):
0 + 212 + 0= 12
:. 12=6A(2)
From loop (2)
Mr. Samir Ashour 23

 
 When the value of the current becomes

zero (i.e. the circuit is open)
Booklet  2018
 @15V.
 ' When we increase the value of R 1 V I increases

and V2 decreases.


Booklet  2018
 @Electromotive force.
@ The conductivity.
 
Mr. Samir Ashour 24

EXAM 1
Q1
A. Write down the scientific term.

a. It equals the magnetic torque affecting a coil carrying d.c and is placed parallel to a magnetic flux of
density 1 Tesla. [magnetic dipole moment]
b. A small resistance joined in parallel with the coil of galvanometer for being converted to ammeter.
[shunt]
c. The angle of scale deflection per unit current intensity in its coil. [sensitivity of galvanometer]
d. The magnetic flux density that produces a magnetic force of 1 Newton on a wire of 1 m long carrying
current of 1 Ampere and placed perpendicular to the field. [1 Tesla]
e. The ability of a medium to transmit the magnetic flux lines. [magnetic permeability of medium]
a. The magnetic flux density along the axis of a solenoid carrying d.c. [number of turns / passing current]
b. The type of the magnetic force between two parallel long wires carrying d.c. [direction of currents]
c. The magnetic dipole moment. [passing current / number of turns / …
Second; compare between each of the following;
a. The sensitivity of galvanometer before [HIGH] and after being converted to ammeter numerically
[LOW].
b. The total resistance of galvanometer [MORE] before and after being converted to ammeter [LESS].
c. Fleming's left hand's rule [determining the direction of force affecting a wire carrying current and
placed perpendicular to a magnetic field] and right-hand screw rule [determining the direction of
the magnetic field due to current in a straight wire] , due to usage.
C. In the given figure; an insulated metallic ring and a metallic wire are
placed along the plane of page, as the total magnetic flux at the center of
the ring is zero, calculate;
a. The normal distance between the wire and the center of ring.
µ𝐼𝑁 µ𝐼 5 20
As the center of the ring is a neutral point, so; 2𝑟
= 2𝑑
, 2 × 0.0785 = 2 × 3.14 × 𝑑
,d
= 0.1 m.
b. Determine the direction of current in the wire. [is from up to down]
Q2
A. write down the mathematical relation presenting each of the following:

a. the magnetic flux intercepting a given area in terms of the magnetic flux density. [m = A.B.sin]
µ𝐼𝑁
b. The magnetic flux density at the center of a circular coil carrying d.c. [B= 2𝑟
]

c. A galvanometer sensitivity. [sensitivity = 𝐼 ]
𝑉𝐵
d. The unknown resistance value using an ohmmeter. [RX = – R internal of ohmmeter
𝐼
𝐼𝑔 .𝑅𝑔
e. The shunt resistance of ammeter. [Rs = 𝐼− 𝐼 ]
𝑔
B. First; Mention the scientific idea for each of the following:
a. Converting the sensitive galvanometer into a voltmeter.
Increasing the resistance of the device to a very high value, decreasing its sensitivity, by joining a multiplier resistor
of big value with the coil of galvanometer in series.
b. The work of sensitive galvanometer.

The magnetic torque affecting a coil carrying a d.c and able to rotate within a magnetic field.
Mr. Samir Ashour 

c. Using an ohmmeter to measure the value of an unknown resistance.
The passing current intensity is inversely proportional to the total circuit resistance.
Second; mention the function of each of the following:

a. The standard fixed resistance in ohmmeter.
To increase the total resistance of ohmmeter circuit, making sure that the passing current through its circuit doesn't
exceed the Ig value, protecting the coil of galvanometer from damage.
b. The iron cylinder in the sensitive galvanometer.
To concentrate the magnetic field lines, due to its high magnetic permeability.
c. The two spiral springs in galvanometer.
They lead current to coil, on passing current in the coil they provide a counter mechanical torque against the
magnetic torque stopping the pointer at certain reading and returns the pointer back to zero as the current ceases.
C. A battery of e.m.f 14 volt, [r = 0], it is joined with a 50 turns coil of diameter 20 cm, as the specific
resistance of the wire material is 7 × 10-7 Ω-1.m-1, and the radius of wire is 1 mm, calculate the magnetic
torque affecting such coil when placed parallel to a magnetic flux of density 0.5 T.
L wire = N.2r = 50 × 2 × 3.14 × 0.1 = 31.4 m.

𝐿 7 × 10−7 × 31.4
R= 𝐴
= 3.14 × (1 × 10−3 )2
= 7 Ω.
𝑉𝐵 14
I= 𝑅
= 7
= 2 A.
 = BIAN = 0.5 × 2 × 3.14 × (0.1 + 0.001)2 × = 1.57 N.m.
Q3
A. Choose the correct answer

a. To determine the magnetic pole of a circular coil carrying d.c we use ….. rule.
i. Fleming's left hand's
ii. Fleming's right hand's
iii. Clock wise
b. The concentration of magnetic flux increases at the center of a coil carrying d.c, by increasing its …
i. Radius
ii. Number of turns
iii. Length
c. The magnetic flux pattern due to d.c passing through a solenoid is like the magnetic flux pattern of ….
i. U-shaped
ii. Disc
iii. Bar
d. The magnetic torque affecting a coil carrying d.c vanishes when placed … with an external magnetic
field.
i. Parallel
ii. Perpendicular
iii. With an angle of inclination
e. The direction of the magnetic force affecting a wire carrying current and placed perpendicular to a
magnetic flux is perpendicular to ….
i. The current direction and parallel to the field direction
ii. The directions of both current and field
iii. The field direction and parallel to the current direction
Mr. Samir Ashour 

1
B. First; when could each of the following vanishes? [= 0]
a. The total magnetic flux density at the common center of two concentric coils carrying current, the
outer has a diameter double the radius of the inner coil.
The current intensity of the outer coil is double that of the inner and opposite in direction.
b. The total magnetic flux at a point between two parallel long wires carrying d.c.
As they are carrying currents of similar direction.
c. The magnetic force affecting a wire carrying d.c and placed within a magnetic field.
As the wire is placed parallel to the magnetic field lines.
Second; write down the value of slope for each of the following graphs:
Slope = maximum current of Slope = magnetic flux density. µ𝐼

Slope = [ 2 ], OR; = [ 2 × 10-7 I]
galvanometer, (Ig)
C. A sensitive galvanometer of coil resistance 4 Ω, pears current up to 16 mA, it is changed to be an

ohmmeter using a source of 1.5 volt, and internal resistance 1.75 Ω, calculate;
a. The value of standard resistance used.
𝑉𝐵 1.5
R Standard = 𝐼
– (Rg + r) = 16 × 10−3 – (4 + 1.75) = 88 Ω.
b. The external resistance being measured providing current of 10 mA, in ohmmeter circuit.
𝑉𝐵 1.5
R External = 𝐼
– (Rg + RSt + r) = 10 × 10−3 – (4 + 88 + 1.75) = 56.25 Ω.
c. The current intensity through the ohmmeter circuit on joining a resistance of 300 Ω.
𝑉𝐵 1.5
I=𝑅 = 4 + 88 + 300 + 1.75
= 3.8 × 10-3 A.
𝑔 + 𝑅𝑆𝑡 + 𝑅𝐸𝑥𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎𝑙 + 𝑟
Q4

a. A wire carrying current and placed perpendicular to a magnetic field is affected by a force.
Due to the difference in total magnetic flux densities about the two sides of wire, so the repulsion between flux lines
is greater at one side originate such force.
b. The magnetic torque affecting a coil carrying current and placed in a magnetic field decreases
gradually on rotation from the parallel position till vanishing.
Due to the decrease in the normal distance between the two forces by rotation, or due to the decrease in the angle
between the normal of coil plane and the magnetic field lines.
c. The disability of motion for a straight wire carrying d.c placed parallel along the axis of a solenoid
carrying d.c.
As the wire is placed parallel to the magnetic field, so the angle between the magnetic field and current = 0o.
d. Two parallel long wires carrying d.c attract.
Mr. Samir Ashour 

1
As the resultant magnetic flux density between wires is smaller than that outside wires.
e. Two parallel long wires carrying d.c, don't have a neutral point.
As their currents are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction.
B. First; mention the results of:

a. Increasing the value of multiplier resistor joined with the galvanometer.
The sensitivity decreases, so it will be able to measure high voltage, (extending the range of scale to a great value).
b. The absence of rheostat from the circuit of ohmmeter.
It is not possible to adjust passing current, nor the zero ohm.
c. Decreasing the value of shunt resistor joined with the galvanometer.
The sensitivity decreases, so it will be able to measure high current intensity, (extending the range of scale to a great
value).
Second; when could it be …?

a. The repulsion of two long parallel wires carrying d.c.
As they are carrying currents in two opposite directions.
b. The absence of magnetic flux density at the center of a circular coil carrying d.c.
The coil is double wounded.
c. The disability of rotation for a coil carrying d.c and placed within a magnetic field.
As the coil is placed in normal position to the magnetic field.
C. The following table relates the magnetic flux density (B) of changeable value and the magnetic torque ()
upon a coil carrying d.c of intensity (I) its turns number (N) and sectional area (A) and placed parallel to the
magnetic field.
Magnetic flux density (B) / Tesla 0.1 0.2 X 0.5 0.6 0.8
Magnetic torque () / N.m 20 40 80 100 Y 160
Plot the graphical relation placing the magnetic torque () on the vertical axis and the magnetic flux
density (B) on the horizontal axis,
then use the graph to determine:
a. X = 0.4 Tesla,
and Y = 120 N.m.
b. The magnetic dipole moment

160−20
= Slope = 0.8−0.1 = 200
Mr. Samir Ashour 

EXAM (2)
Q1
A. Write down the scientific term.

a. The magnetic flux passing normally through a unit area at a given point. [magnetic flux density]
b. A large resistance value joined with the galvanometer to convert it into a voltmeter. [multiplier]
c. A device used to detect the presence of small currents, measuring their magnitude and determine
direction. [moving coil galvanometer]
d. A device used to determine the magnitude of an unknown resistance directly. [Ohmmeter]
e. The magnetic pole results at one terminal of a coil carrying d.c in a clock wise direction. [North]
a. The magnetic torque affecting a coil carrying current and placed within a magnetic field.
[number of turns / magnetic flux density / passing current intensity / sectional area]
b. The magnetic flux density at a normal distance from a long straight wire carrying d.c.
[passing current intensity / the normal distance from the wire]
c. The magnitude of the magnetic force affecting a wire carrying current and placed within a magnetic
field. [passing current intensity / the magnetic flux density / the length of wire]
a. The location of the neutral point for two parallel wires carrying d.c of different values (due to the
direction of current in both).
As currents are in similar direction; neutral As currents are in opposite direction; neutral
point is located in between the wires nearer point is located outside the wires to the side of
to the weaker current wire. weaker current wire.
b. Shunt [in parallel to the coil of galvanometer] and multiplier [in series with the coil of galvanometer].
c. The magnetic flux density along the axis of a solenoid before [higher] and after [lower] separating its
turns uniformly.
C. A circular coil of N turns, carrying current of intensity I and diameter 10 cm, it produces a magnetic field at
its center of density (B), so as the turns of the coil is uniformly separated along its axis to form a solenoid
with a similar current. Calculate the length of the solenoid that provides a magnetic flux of density equals
(0.25 B).
µ𝐼𝑁 µ𝐼𝑁
B Solenoid = 0.25 B Coil , 𝐿
= 4 × 2𝑟 , L = 40 cm.
Q2
A. What happens in the following cases? Mention the reason.

a. Passing a.c in the coil of sensitive galvanometer. [due to the deflection of pointer]
Pointer vibrates about its zero reading, and at higher frequency pointer doesn't move due to its inertia, as the work
of galvanometer depends on the magnetic effect of electric current, a.c produces a variable magnetic field.
b. Placing a cylinder of soft iron inside a solenoid carrying d.c. [due to the magnetic flux density along
its axis]
It increases as iron has a high magnetic permeability.
c. Joining ammeter in parallel with an ohmic resistance in a closed circuit. [due to the potential
difference at its terminals]
Measurement will not be accurate. As ammeter has a very small resistance value so it drags part of circuit current
and the measured voltage will be incorrect.
Page 13 of 59 Mr. Samir Ashour 

1
MODELS 2017 COMPLETE MODEL ANSWER
d. The passage of d.c through a long straight wire placed perpendicular to a uniform magnetic field.
[due to the direction of wire motion]
The wire will move in a direction perpendicular to both of current and magnetic field directions, due to the effect of
magnetic force resulted from the unbalanced repulsion forces around the wire between magnetic field lines.
e. Passage of high intensity d.c through a sensitive galvanometer. [due to the expected damage].
The thermal effect produces spoils the coil, as the resistance of coil is big.
B. First; mention the mathematical relation used to determine each of the following;
a. The magnetic dipole moment for a coil. [|𝑚𝑑 | = IAN]
2×10−7 𝐼1 𝐼2 𝐿
b. The mutual magnetic force between two wires carrying d.c of different values. [F12 = 𝑑
]
c. The magnetic force affecting a wire carrying d.c and placed within a magnetic field. [F = BILsin]
Second; what is meant by …?
a. The sensitivity of galvanometer is 0.2 o/µA.
The angle of scale deflection is 0.2 o from zero position as a current 1 µA to pass through its coil
b. The multiplier resistance = 700 Ω.
A series joined resistor of 700 Ω with the coil of sensitive galvanometer converting it into a voltmeter.
c. The magnetic dipole moment = 8 N.m/Tesla.
A magnetic torque of 8 N.m affects a coil carrying current and placed parallel to a magnetic field of density 1 T.
C. A galvanometer of coil resistance 5 Ω, gives full scale deflection at a potential difference of 0.1 volt,
calculate:
a. The maximum current being measured on joining a shunt of 0.1 Ω.
𝑉𝑔 0.1 𝐼𝑔 𝑅𝑆 0.02 0.1
Ig = = = 0.02 A, = , = , I = 1.02 A.
𝐼𝑔 5 𝐼 𝑅𝑆 +𝑅𝑔 𝐼 0.1 + 5
b. The multiplier resistor being added enables it to measure a voltage of 5 volt.

𝑉− 𝑉𝑔 5−0.1
Rm = 𝐼𝑔
= 0.02
= 245 Ω.
Q3

a. In the given figure; I1 > I2, so the magnetic flux density at the mid distance
between the two wires equals …
i. B2 – B1.
ii. B1 – B2.
iii. B1 + B2.
b. The equivalent resistance for the voltmeter = …
𝑅𝑔 + 𝑅𝑚
i. 𝑅𝑔 𝑅𝑚
ii. Rg.Rm
iii. Rg + Rm
c. A galvanometer of coil resistance R, the shunt resistance added to decrease its sensitivity to third
is …
i. R
ii. R/3
iii. R/2
Mr. Samir Ashour 

1
d. As a resistance of 100 Ω joined with ohmmeter, pointer provides a half scale deflection, so the
resistance joined to provide a quarter scale deflection is … Ω.
i. 100
ii. 200
iii. 300
e. As a current flow through a circular coil providing a magnetic flux density at its center B, so by
increasing the passing current to double, and increasing its diameter to double without changing
the number of turns, so the magnetic flux density at the center of coil is …
i. B
ii. 2B
iii. B/2
B. First; Whan could each of the following equals zero?
a. The magnetc force affecting a straight long wire placed within a magnetic field.
The wire is placed parallel to the magnetic field lines.
b. The passing current inside the ohmmeter circuit.
The external resistance being joined has an infinite value, or the circuit of ohmmeter is opened.
c. The deflection of ohmmeter pointer from zero scale position.
As the measured external resistance has a zero value, or its circuit is closed though no external circuit being joined.
Second; prove that the magnetic torque affecting a coil carrying d.c and placed parallel to a magnetic flux
is determined using the relation:  = BIAN.
See the text
C. An ohmmeter circuit consisting of a galvanometer of coil resistance 250 Ω, bears current up to 400 µA, a
source of e.m.f 1.5 volt, a standard fixed resistance of 3000 Ω, and a rheostat 6565 Ω all in series.
Calculate;
a. The value from rheostat being used to obtain zero-ohm position.
𝐕𝐁 𝟏.𝟓
Rh = − (Rg + Rst. )= − (250 + 3000)=500 .
𝐈𝐠 𝟒𝟎𝟎  𝟏𝟎−𝟔
b. The external resistance joined with the terminals of ohmmeter to provide a half scale deflection.
𝐕 𝟏.𝟓
Rx = 𝐁 − (Rg + Rst. +Rh) = − (250 + 3000 + 500) = 37500 .
𝐈 𝟐𝟎𝟎  𝟏𝟎−𝟔
Q4

a. The magnetic poles of galvanometer are concave.
To provide a uniform radial magnetic field, this ensures that the plane of coil is always parallel to the magnetic field
and so the angle of scale deflection is proportional to the passing current intensity.
b. The regular scale of ammeter, while it is irregular for ohmmeter
As the angle of scale deflection is proportional to the passing current, while in ohmmeter the passing current is
inversely proportional to the total resistance not with the added external resistance.
c. The presence of spiral springs in galvanometer.
Lead current to coil, and on passing current a counter mechanical torque is produced opposes the magnetic torque
providing a fixed scale reading due to current, and returns pointer back to zero when current stops.
d. A source of fixed e.m.f is fitted inside the ohmmeter.

So that passing current is fixed, and is inversely proportional to the total resistance.
e. Ammeter is fitted in series while voltmeter is joined in parallel inside the electric circuit.
Mr. Samir Ashour 

Ammeter is fitted in series so the measured current passing through it is that of the circuit, while voltmeter is joined
in parallel so that its terminal voltage equals the voltage being measured.
B. First; mention the results for:

a. Using an ammeter of maximum reading 10 A for measuring a current of 0.5 mA.
It might not affected by weak currents, so the pointer doesn't defelect.
b. Placing an iron core inside a solenoid carrying d.c.
It concentrates the magnetic flux lines due to its high magnetic permeability.
c. Passing d.c through a rectangular coil placed parallel to a magnetic field.
The coil is affected by a maximum magnetic torque value, causing its rotation if possible.
Second; how to obtain…?

a. A maximum force affecting a wire carrying current and placed within a magnetic field.
As the wire is place perpendicular to the magnetic field lines.
b. A point where the magnetic flux density vanishes between two parallel long wires carrying d.c at a
distance from one wire quarter the separating distance.
As they have currents in similar direction, and the further wire carries current three times as much as that of the
nearer wire.
c. Decrease the sensitivity of a galvanometer to half.
By joining a shunt resistance in parallel with the coil of galvanometer of value equals that of galvanometer
resistance.
C. A wire of 1 m long, carries current of 10 Ampere, placed within a magnetic field of intensity B. the
following table relates the magnetic force on the wire and sine the angle between the field direction and
the wire.
F (N) 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
Sin  0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6
Plot the graphical relation for the acting force

on vertical axis and sine the angle on abscissa,
then use the graphical relation to determine:
a. The magnitude of the force as the wire

is placed perpendicular to the field.
F = 2 N.
b. The magnetic flux density affecting the

wire.
𝑆𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 (1.2−0.2)
B= 𝐼𝐿
= (0.6−0.1)×10 ×1
= 0.2 Tesla.
Mr. Samir Ashour 

1
SELECTED QUESTIONS
U Choose the correct answer of the given answers X y
1. Two currents I, 2 I pass through two parallel wires as in 21 I
the figure, when the wire (Y) moves away from wire (X) C•
the magnetic flux density at point C ·········· (Booklet])
a. decreases. b. doesn't change. c. increases.
2. An electric current passes through a circular coil so a magnetic field of flux density (B)
is produced at the center of the coil, when that electric current increases to the double
and the diameter of the coil increases to the double without changing the number of
turns, so the magnetic flux density at the center of the coil equals ··········
c.-B
a.B b.2B
3. To determine the polarity of a circular coil which passes through it an electric current,
·········· is used.
a. Fleming's left hand rule
b. Fleming's right hand rule
c. clockwise rule
4. The magnetic flux density increases at the middle of the axis of a solenoid when ··········
increases.
a. radius b. number of turns c. length
5. The direction of the acting force on a wire which carries an electric current and is
placed perpendicular on the direction of the magnetic flux is perpendicular on ··········
a. direction of the current and parallel to the direction of flux.
b. the directions of flux and current.
c. the direction of flux and parallel to the direction of current.
Mr. Samir Ashour 

1
6. The resultant of the acting torque on the galvanometer's coil when its pointer-settles in
front of a certain reading equals · ······ · ··
a. BIAN b. 2 BIAN c. zero.
7. When the scale of a sensitive galvanometer is divided into 20 divisions and its pointer
deflected to its middle when an electric current of intensity 0.1 µA passes through its
coil, so the galvanometer's sensitivity equals ··········
a. 20 µA/division. b. 10 µA/division. c. 5 µA/division. d. 2 µA/division.
8. If 2 % of the current in the circuit passes through a galvanometer's coil of resistance
R g' so the shunt resistance equals · · · · · .. · ..
a.& b.�
50 49
9.A galvanometer is converted into ammeter to read 0.03A by using shunt resistance 4 Rs
and reads 0.06A by using shunt resistance Rs, what is the maximum current that can be
carried by a galvanometer in case of no shunt resistance? ......... .
a.0.08A. b. 0.04A. C. 0.02A. d. 0.01A.
fJ What would happen in the following cases, mention the reason :
I. Placing a rod of wrought iron inside a solenoid that carries DC current.
2. Passing an electric current in a rectangular coil placed parallel to the magnetic field.
3. Replacing two spring coils in the galvanometer by another two of less torque
concerning the galvanometer's sensitivity. (Booklet I)
4. Connecting ammeter in parallel between the two ends of an ohmic resistance in a closed
electric circuit concerning the effect of potential difference between their ends.
El Compare between each of the following :
1. The neutral point position between two parallel straight wires carrying different electric
current and the position of neutral point is outside them (in terms of the direction of
the current in each of them).
2. The magnetic flux density at a point on the axis of a solenoid that carries an electric
current before and after stretching its turns away from each other.
3. The galvanometer before and after converting it into an ammeter (in terms of
the sensitivity of the device).
4. The galvanometer before and after converting it into an ammeter (in terms of
the resistance of the device). (Booklet 4)
5. Analog measuring devices and digital. measuring devices (in terms of the way of reading).
(Booklet 4)
U When each of the following values equal zero?

1. The flux density at the common center of two metallic rings and in one plane if
the diameter of the first is double that of the second and an electric current passes
through each of them. (Booklet 1)
Mr. Samir Ashour )

1
2. The current intensity passing through ohmmeter's circuit.
3. The deflection of the pointer of ohmmeter's device from zero position on its scale.
D Miscellaneous questions :
1. Mention the mathematical relation which expresses each of the following :
(a) The magnetic flux passing through a certain area concerning the flux density. (Booklet 3)
(b) The mutual force between two parallel straight wires carrying two different electric
current.
(c) Galvanometer's sensitivity.
(d) Shunt resistance in ammeter.
(e) Calculating unknown resistance by knowing the resistance of ohmmeter which is
connected to it.
2. How can we :
(a) Obtain a point where the flux density between two parallel straight wires carrying
an electric current in one direction is vanished where one of the two wires moves
away quarter the distance between them.
(b) Get a large possible force acting on a straight wire carrying an electric current in
a magnetic field.
(c) Decrease the galvanometer's sensitivity to half its value.
3. Determine the case in which the magnetic flux density at the center of a circular coil
carrying an electric current is vanished. (Booklet 2)
4. Two circular copper rings have the same center and carry
the same electric current (I) as in the figure, what is the change
required to the electric current in the internal ring to make
the common center be the neutral point of the two rings?
Explain your answer. (Booklet4)
5. Mention one factor affecting the mutual force between two
straight wires carrying two electric currents.
2A 4A
6. Which one is bigger, the force of wire (X) acting on wire (Y) or
the force of wire (Y) acting on wire (X)? And why?
X y
7. Explain why a rectangular coil placed perpendicular on the direction of the magnetic
field isn't affected by a torque when an electric current passes through it. Although its
sides are affected by a magnetic force. (Booklet4)
8. Mention the function of the constant resistance in the ohmmeter.
Mr. Samir Ashour !

1
0 Problems:
=--"
• 1. In the opposite figure :

An isolated connecting wire and a metallic ring are placed 20 A
in the plane of the page if the resultant of the generated
magnetic flux density due to passing an electric current in
each of them at the center of the ring equals zero.
(Knowing that : :7t = 3.14)
(a) Calculate the distance between the wire and the center of the ring.
(b) Find on the drawing the direction of the current in the wire.
2. In the opposite circuit :
A wire in the form of half of a circular ring, its radius is 3.14 cm
n
and is connected in series to a resistance of 3.72 and they are
connected by wires of negligible resistance to a source of emf
n.
equals 24 V and internal resistance 2 When the switch (K)
is closed if the flux density at the center is m due to passing of
electric current in half the circuit = 2.4 x 1o-s T (Knowing that :
:7t = 3.14), calculate :
(a) The current intensity passes through the circuit.
(b) The resistance of the wire of the ring.
(c) The resistivity of the wire's material if the radius of the wire is 0.1 mm.
(2.4 A, 4.28 n, I .36 x Jo-6 n.m)
3. 1\vo parallel straight wires, the distance between them in air is
..
l
20 cm, a current of intensity (11) passes through the first wire and
11
a current of intensity 10 A passes through the second wire in the
I
direction shown in the figure if knowing that the total flux density p. 20cm
at point (P) at the middle between the two wires is 6 x 10-5 T,

calculate the mutual force between them if the length of each is
..
12
50 cm. (Knowing that the magnetic permeability coefficient of air
is 4 :7t x 10-7 Wb/A.m) ( Jo-4 N)(Booklet 3)
Mr. Samir Ashour @

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Mr. Samir Ashour #
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Mr. Samir Ashour $
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Mr. Samir Ashour %

1
Mr. Samir Ashour ^
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1
Mr. Samir Ashour &

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1
2
G Prove that the multiplier resistance (Rm) required to convert the galvanometer into
4
V-Vg
a voltmeter is given by the relation : Rm = (Accompanied with a drawing)
I
g
G A sensitive galvanometer has a coil

5 3
of resistance 40 Q and its pointer deflects to full
scale by a current of 5 x 10- A. A shunt resistance (RJ is connected to it to be converted
into an ammeter measuring a current of maximum 1 A.
Calculate the total resistance of the ammeter.
G) A straight wire is coiled as a circular coil of 5 turns. An electric current of intensity (I)
6
has passed through it to produce magnetic flux of density (B ) at its center. The wire
1
is recoiled another time as one circular turn and the same current intensity is passed
. B1
through it. The magnetic flux density at its center becomes (B2). Find the ratio : -
B2
G A solenoid carries an electric current. What would happen to the magnetic flux density
7
inside it at a point on its axis when the spacing between its turns is reduced to half
(keeping the cross-sectional area and the current intensity unchanged).
Mr. Samir Ashour *

1
G
8A rectangular coil carries an electric current and placed in a magnetic field of flux
density 0.1 T at different angles. The table below records the torque acting on the coil (t)
and sine the angle between the direction of the magnetic dipole moment and the direction
of the magnetic field (sin 0)
't (N.m) 0.08 0.16 0.24 0.32 0.4
sin 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
(a) Plot the graphical relationship between torque (t) on y-axis and (sin 0) on x-axis.
(b) From the graph find the magnetic dipole moment of the coil.
Mr. Samir Ashour (

0 Give reason for :
1 The existence of a constant and known voltage in the ohmmeter circuit.
Ci) Mention the role of :

2 @ The soft iron cylinder in the moving coil galvanometer.
@ The shunt resistance in the ammeter.
Cl} Mention one factor that affects the direction of the magnetic dipole moment of a coil.
3
fl) Choose the correct answer :
4 I a
The figure shows two parallel wires. Points a, b, c and d
b
are drawn to a scale. At which point the magnetic flux >--- --- s___ --
21
density is zero ? ------
d
@a
@b
@)c
@ct
5e The midpoint of the scale of an ohmmeter between (0 - 00) marked as 1500 Q. If

the ohmmeter is composed of a galvanometer of resistance 250 Q, a fixed resistance 1 kQ,
a rheostat and a cell of negligible internal resistance. Find the resistance value taken
from the rheostat to make the pointer deflect to zero position of the ohmmeter.
G Which part of the galvanometer acts to fulfill the following co ndition :

6
@ The galvanometer coil is influenced by a constant magnetic field ?
@ Restoring its pointer to zero position after turning its circuit off ?
G A galvanometer has coil resistance of 200 Q. Its pointer

7 . deflects to full scale as a current
of 10 mA passes through its coil. ,,,., :• .
First : Cakullate the maximum voltage measured by the galvanometer.
Second : What is the value of the multiplier resistance required to increase its sc�!�
range to 20 V ?
G Choose the correct answer :

8
The magnetic flux density increases at the center of a circular coil carrying an electric current by
decreasing------
® cross-sectional area of the coil @ the number of the coil turns

Cs) the current intensity in the coil @) the permeability of the coil core
Mr. Samir Ashour Q

1
2
1
2
2
@Calibrating the ohmmeter by adjusting the pointer
to deflect to zero ohm at the maximum cmTent.
3
@ They serve m: current leads to the coil and also 1 Toadjusting
keep the electric current intensity constant during
control the motion of the coil as they return the coil
to its original position when the current is cut off.
the pointer of the galvanometer or during
using it thus the electric current intensity inversely·
proportional to the total resistance based on Ohm's law.
3 2 @It concentrate the radial magnetic flux lines.

@ It is connected in parallel to the galvanometer coil
to reduce the current that passes in it and convert it
4 lg into ammeter to measure larger electric current.
V=Vg +Vm
The direction of the electric current passing in the coil.
Rm -
-
V-IR
I
g g_
V-V
- I
g .-vg--..-vm-
•---- v----
3
g g
4
5
5 I= _R_+_V-=-
B
R -+ R-
g C V
1- I=____v....:s=------
2 250 + 1000 + R + 1500
1 VB = VB
6 BI- NI 2� 2 ( 250+1000+ R V ) 250 + 1000+ R V+1500
- µ 2r - µ 2r
2750+RV=2500+2RV
B -µ�
2- 2(5r) R =250 Q
�- J}_/ __ I_ 25
B 2 - µ 2r µ 2 Sr) - I
6 @The two concave poles of the permanent magnet.
@ The two spiral springs.
7 The magnetic flux density increases to the double 7 First : V g = IgRg = 10 x 10- x 200= 2 V
3
20 - (IO x I 0-3 X 200)

because its length decreased to the half based on
the relation: B =µ NI Second: R
[0 X 10-3
l
= 1800 Q
8 • I ® cross-sectional area of the coil.
Mr. Samir Ashour W

1
8 Give reason : The magnitude of the magnetic torque acting on the coil of a sensitive galvanometer
1
does not change as the pointer deflects from zero to the reading which ,indicates
the value of the current passing through it.
4D Give reason : The coil of moving coil galvanometer is connected to a high resistance in series to
2
e
convert it to voltmeter.
3 magnetic
A wire of length 1 m carries a current I A is placed in a uniform magnetic field of
flux density 4 T whose direction makes an angle 0 with the wire, the table below illustrates the
relation between the force (F) acting on the wire and the electric current (I) passing though it
F(N) 10 14 18 22 26
I (A) 5 7 9 11 13
Plot a graph between F (N) on the vertical axis and current I (A) on the horizontal axis and from the graph
find the angle 0 between the direction of the magnetic field and the wire.
fl) Choose the correct answer :

4
The magnetic dipole moment of a co1l whose length is 0 .3 m and width is 0 .2 m and
number of turns is 1000 turns and carries a cmrent of 2Ai& equal to ��---
070A.m
2
@80A.m
2
I(D100A.m
2
@) 120A.m2
5I Under what conditions the following values become zero :

The magnetic torque acting on the coil of electric motor during its. rotati9n.,
G The coil of galvanometer has resi�tance R and maximum current (full scale deflection)
6
is modified to measure a current I, prove without drawing the mathematical relationused
to calculate the value of shunt resistor needed.
G
7 Choose the correct aJrD§WteI! :
The pointer of an ohmmeter deflects to one third of its scale when a resistance = R
is connecting across its two ends, therefore the resistance of the ohmmeter equals
to ------
@2R
@)0.5 R
C!) Give reason :

8 The coil of galvanometer is connected in series with a large standard resistor wh�.n
converted into an ohmmeter.
Mr. Samir Ashour E

1
8 Give reason : The pointer of a sensitive galvanometer returns back to zero scale once the current is
1
turned off.
Mention two factors on which the magnetic flux density at the center of a circular coil
2
e
that carries an electric current depend.
3
( A sensitive galvanometer of coil resistance 6 Q reads up to 0.5 A, a shunt resistor (Rs) is
added to convert it into an ammeter.
The following table represents the relation between the ammeter reading (l) when
connected in series in a closed electric circuit and the current intensity (lg) through
the galvanometer
I (A) 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2
lg (A) 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5
Plot a graoh between (l) on y-axis and (lg) on x-axis, from the graph, find the value of
the shunt (RJ which is connected with the coil of the galvanometer.
fl) Choose the correct ans,ver :

4
The figure shown represents two parallel wires, the normal
distance between them is (2d), which carry currents (21) and
(I) in the directions shown. Which of the following choices
represents the relation between the values of the magnetic
flux densities B 1 , B2 and B3 -----
@B 1 >B2>B3 (BB2>B 1 >B3
@B2>B3>B1 @B3>B 1 >B2
G Mention only two factors affecting magnetic dipole moment

5 .
of a coif carrying' electric
:. .
current and placed in a uniform magnetic field.
-'6
G Choose- the correct answer :
In the figure below, two long parallel wires X, Y separated by
a normal distance 2d. The wire X carries current with intensity
(I= lA). What is the direction and the intensity of the current
that passes in the wire Y to obtain total magnetic flux density
at the point (M) equal to zero --- - -
@2Adown @2Aup
@)3Adown @3Aup
( $ Choose the correct answer :

7
The shunt resistance that is connected with the coil of the galvanometer to convert it into ammeter, leads to:
© decrease the sensitivity of device only @ increase the sensitivity of device only
© increase sensitivity and range of device @decrease sensitivity and increase range
Mr. Samir Ashour R

1
Answer of Booklet  2019 Answer of Booklet  2019
Because the magnetic torque acting on the coil of a
1 sensitive galvanometer balances with the torsion of 1 Because of the torsion of the two
the spring coils. spiral springs that returns the coil to
the zero scale.
2 Tolargeincreases the total resistance of the voltmeter to a
value, so it does not take a large part of the CD The number of turns of the coil (B oc N).
circuit current and affect the measured potential 2 � The radius of the coil (B oc +.).
difference, so the voltmeter can be used to measure
large potential differences. G) The intensity of electric current in the coil (B oc I)x 5 =
2.5 x 10-3 s 0
I (A)
3 3
F(N)-
30
25
2 ·��-��.....
20
1.5 13271-'2F�±ii'SS-:'Si":+i':+.'i'-
15
IO
l - _;-j! =��-�
�liirr
Hli ,iii
)
I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 IO 11 12 13 !(A .
@@L(n=2).
0 l[t 0.1 0.2 0.3 04 0.5
Slope = �F = 62 - IO =2 05
.
�I 13 - 5
_L = Slope = __
2 = .l @@absorption line spectrum.
sin 0 =
4x1 2
:. 0 = 30°
Bif Bf
G@
4 l @B2 > B I :> B3
4 @120A.m 2
G
The number of turns of the coil (lm:1 N).
5 When the plane of the coil becomes 5 (2)CDThe electric current passing in the coil (1ro:1
oc
oc 1).
perpendicular to the magnetic flux
lines.
6G@3Adown.
ode emf=NBA co
6 ·: RV =V
, R are co
s g
nnected in parallel.
I R 7
:.
s @ decrease sensitivity and increase range.
:. I R =I s Rs
g
R g g
g g s=-1-
·: I= I + I s
g
7 @o.sR 1
To decrease the current that could

8 pass in the galvanometer's coil and
protect it from damage.
Mr. Samir Ashour T

1
tu dent Evaluation Gu ide (2017).
Q1

• Booklet Models of the Ministry of Education . •
a. The average induced e.m.f for a coil as it rotates by 180o around its axis starting from the
normal position = …
i. Zero
𝟐𝐍𝐀𝐁
ii.
∆𝐭
𝑁𝐴𝐵
iii.
∆𝑡
While the average induced e.m.f for a coil as it rotates by 180o around its axis starting from the
horizontal position = …
i. Zero
2𝑁𝐴𝐵
ii. ∆𝑡
𝑁𝐴𝐵
iii. ∆𝑡
b. On increasing the magnetic flux lines intercepting a coil, a ……………… induced e.m.f originates
i. Forward
ii. Backward
iii. Alternative.
while on decreasing the magnetic flux magnetic flux lines intercepting a coil, a ………………
induced e.m.f originates.
i. Forward
ii. Backward
iii. Alternative
c. The direction of the induced current in a coil is determined using …………. (Fleming's right
hand's – Lenz's – Fleming's left hand's) rule, while the direction of the induced current in a
straight wire moving perpendicular to a magnetic field is determined using …………. (Fleming's
right hand's – Lenz's – Fleming's left hand's) rule.
d. The transformer doesn't work as the primary coil is joined with a ………. Source
i. unidirectional of variable intensity
ii. alternating current
iii. fixed magnitude and direction
e. The electric current induced in the dynamo coil that is joined with a commutator is …
i. Alternating current
ii. Unidirectional current
iii. Variable intensity current
B. First; prove that the e.m.f induced in a straight wire moving perpendicular to a magnetic field is
determined using the relation: e.m.f = B.L.v. [see the text]
Second; write down the mathematical relation used to determine each of the following:
a. The e.m.f induced in the secondary coil of an electric transformer whose primary coil is joined
∆𝑰
with an a.c. [e.m.f2 = - M. ∆𝒕𝟏]
𝑽 𝑰
b. The efficiency of electric transformer. [ = 𝑽𝑺 𝑰𝑺 ]
𝒑 𝒑
c. The e.m.f induced in a straight wire moving through a uniform magnetic field. [e.m.f = BLv.sin]
Mr. Samir Ashour 1

C. The electric power generated in a power station is 100 Kilowatt, at a voltage of 200 volt, an electric
transformer is used at the power station whose turns ration is 1:5, find the efficiency of the process of
power transfer on using connecting wires of ohmic resistance 4 Ω.
𝑃𝑆 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎𝟎
IP = = = 500 A.
𝑉𝑃 𝟐𝟎𝟎
𝑁𝑃 𝐼𝑆 1 𝐼𝑆
𝑁𝑆
= 𝐼𝑃
, 5 = 500 , IS = 100 A.
P Lost = I2R = 1002 × 4 = 40 000 Watt, P Consumed = 100 000 – 40 000 = 60 000 Watt,
𝑑𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 60 000
The efficiency of power transfer = = × 100 = 60%.
𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 100 000
Q2
A. Mention the results for each of the following:

a. Replacing the commutator joined with the coil of d.c motor with two slip rings.
The direction of current and force acting on each longer side of the coil is unchanged.
b. Connecting the terminals of primary coil in electric transformer with a d.c source. Secondary coil,
and no mutual induction as the d.c has zero frequency so it produces a fixed magnetic flux.
No current flow through the
c. The presence of high voltage at the terminals of fluorescent tube.
Electric energy produces a magnetic field which produces a magnetic field which ionizes the inert gas, such ions
collide with the fluorescent material producing light.
d. Wires of coils might be double wounded.
The magnetic flux is vanished at the coils, as current in one branch opposes that of another branch and the magnetic
field cancels each other.
e. The generation of induced e.m.f in the motor coil during its rotation within a magnetic field.
It is responsible for the uniformity of of motor coil rotation, as the induced current counters the main current.
B. First; mention two factors affecting:
a. The coefficient of self-induction of a coil. [number of turns / magnetic permeability]
b. The maximum e.m.f induced in the dynamo coil. [number of turns / magnetic flux density]
c. The efficiency of electric transformer.
[the type of iron core / the nature and thickness of connecting wires / the core is laminated or not]
Second; what is meant by …?
a. The effective voltage value of a.c is 15 volt.
The voltage of a d.c source of 15 volt produces a similar power in a resistor as much as the concerned a.c.
b. The coefficient of self-induction is 0.1 Henry.
An e.m.f of 0.1 volt is induced in the same coil due to a rate of change in its current by 1 A/s.
c. The efficiency of electric transformer is 85%.
The ratio between the power of secondary coil to the power of the primary coil is 85%.
C. A rectangular coil of 100 turns, its sectional area 70 cm2, rotates about its axis by 300 cycle each half
minute within a magnetic flux of density 1 Tesla, find out:
Mr. Samir Ashour 1

a. The maximum e.m.f induced in the coil.
300
e.m.f Maximum = N.B.A.2f = 10017010-423.14 = 44 volt.
30
b. The effective value of e.m.f.
e.m.f Effective = 0.707 e.m.f Maximum = 0.707 × 44 = 31.11 volt.
c. The time taken to reach voltage of (22 volt) for the first time from the vertical position.
e.m.f Inst. = e.m.f Maximum .sin, 22 = 44 sin >>  = 30o,
30 1
 = 2ft >> t = = = 0.0083 second.
2×180×10 120
d. The time taken to reach voltage of (- 22 volt) for the first time from the vertical position.
e.m.f Inst. = e.m.f Maximum.sin, -22 = 44 sin >>>  = 210o,
210 7
 = 2ft >>> t =
2×180×10
=
120
= 0.058 second.
Q3
A. Write the scientific term;
a. It equals the magnitude of the e.m.f induced in a coil of current changes by 1 A/s.
[coefficient of self-induction]
b. The rule shows that the direction of induced current is always in a direction to oppose the change in
flux producing it. [Lenz's rule]
c. The rule used to determine the direction of the induced current in a wire moving perpendicular to a
magnetic field. [Fleming's right hand's rule]
d. An induced current in a metallic conductor subjected to a variable magnetic field. [eddy currents]
e. The electric transformer said to have no lost power on its work. [ideal transformer]
B. First; explain each of the following;
a. The presence of many coil symmetrically arranged with equal angles in between in d.c motor.
To increase the power of motor, as each coil has its own magnetic torque, so the more the coils used the higher the
efficiency of motor.
b. Dividing the cylinder of soft iron into thin insulated sheets in both of dynamo and motor.
Minimizing the effect of eddy currents, and minimizing the dissipated energy, improving the efficiency of the device.
c. Using a step-up transformer at the power stations.
Increasing voltage of a.c, decreasing its current, minimizing the power lost in the connecting power lines due to their
ohmic resistance [P Lost = I2 R], improving the efficiency of the process of power transfer.
Second; what is the physical quantities being used and an equivalent unit for each of the following?
a. Wb.s-1. [e.m.f / volt]
b. V.s.A-1. [coefficient of self-induction / Henry]
c. V.s. [magnetic flux / Weber]
C. In the given figure; a current of 2 Ampere flows through (A),
producing a magnetic flux of 2.5×10-4 Wb through coil (A),
and a magnetic flux of 1.8×10-4 Wb through coil (B), calculate:
a. The coefficient of self-induction.
L.ΔI = NA.ΔA , 2 L = 200 × 2.5 × 10-4 , L = 0.025 Henry.

b. The coefficient of mutual-induction.
M.ΔI = NB.ΔB , 2 M = 800 × 1.8 × 10-4 , M = 0.072 Henry.

c. The average e.m.f induced in coil (B), as the current flowing in coil (A) is vanished within 0.03 second.
𝛥𝐼 ∆ 0 −(1.8 × 10−4 )
e.m.f = - M. = - 0.072 × 0 − 2 = 4.8 volt. OR; e.m.f = - NB. ∆𝑡𝐵 = - 800 × = 4.8 volt.
∆𝑡 0.03 0.03
Mr. Samir Ashour 1

Q4
A. Compare between:
a. The reason for the presence of many coils in the d.c generator [to obtain a d.c] and the d.c motor[to
increase the power of motor].
b. The reason for the presence of a cylinder split into two halves in both of dynamo [to obtain a
unidirectional current] and motor [to continue the rotation in one direction].
c. Fleming's right hand's rule [to determine the direction of the induced current in a straight wire moving
perpendicular to a magnetic field] and Lenz's rule [to determine the direction of the induced current in a
coil subjected to a changeable magnetic field].
d. The electric transformer [mutual induction] and the electric motor [magnetic torque affecting a coil
carrying current].
e. Step up [NS > NP] and step-down [NP > NS] transformers.
B. First; in the given figure two coils wounded around an iron rod: explain the changes happened for the
illumination of the lamp in the following cases, if happened.
a. Switching the key (ON).
Illumination increases, as the induced backward e.m.f and

backward current by mutual induction is in similar direction to the current of battery joined with the lamp.
b. Raising the value of resistance R.
Illumination decreases, as the induced forward e.m.f and forward current by mutual induction is in opposite
direction to the current of battery joined with the lamp.
Second; an electric transformer of efficiency 80%, the number of turns in secondary coil is smaller those of
primary coil, thickness of wire in secondary coil is more than that in the primary coil.
a. What is the type of such transformer? Why?
Step down, as the number of turns in its secondary coil is smaller than that in its primary coil.
b. Why we make the secondary coil of thicker wire?
Thicker wires for smaller resistance that enable which to support higher current intensity.
C. The opposite figure shows the change in current with time from an
a.c generator, calculate;
a. The angular velocity.
22 1
 = 2f = 2 × 7 × 20 × 10−3 = 314.28 radian/second.
b. The effective value of current. I Effective = 0.707 I Maximum = 0.707 × 20 = 14.14 Ampere.
c. How to convert the given current into the two currents A & B.
A. Using a split ring commutator, producing a unidirectional B. using a step-down transformer.
current of changeable magnitude and fixed direction.
Mr. Samir Ashour 1

EXAM (2)
Q1

a. As the maximum induced current in dynamo coil is (I), so the average induced current within half
of cycle from the zero position is …
i. Zero
𝐼
ii. 2
𝟐𝑰
iii. 
𝐼
iv.
√2
b. The induced current in a coil due to the variation in the passing current of the same coil is due to …
i. Mutual induction.
ii. Self-induction
iii. Eddy currents.
iv. Magnetic torque.
c. For an ideal step-up transformer, the …. in the secondary coil.
i. current increases
ii. power increases
iii. current frequency increases
iv. current decreases
d. A rectangular coil revolves between two magnetic poles
about the axis (PQ) starting from the given position,
which of the following figures presents the variation of
e.m.f induced in the coil within one complete cycle?
e. For a dynamo coil, as the coil plane makes an angle 60o with the magnetic field the instantaneous
e.m.f induced in the coil is …...
√𝟑
i. 𝟐
e.m.f maximum
1
ii. 2
e.m.f maximum
iii. = e.m.f maximum
iv. = e.m.f effective
B. First; mention the factors affecting each of the following:
Mr. Samir Ashour 1

a. The induced e.m.f in Faraday's experiment. [The number of turns /
the magnetic flux density / the cross-sectional area / the relative speed between coil and magnet]
b. The intensity of eddy currents. [the rate of change in magnetic flux / the resistivity of solid material]
c. The effective value of e.m.f induced in dynamo coil. [The number of turns /
the magnetic flux density / the cross-sectional area / the speed of rotation]
Second; a solenoid of insulated copper wire is turned around a rod of soft iron, what happens for the rod
in the following cases?
a. A d.c flows through the coil. [it is magnetized and acts as a strong bar magnet]
b. An a.c flows through the coil. [the iron rod heats up due to the formation of eddy currents]
c. The coil is double wounded and an a.c flows through it. [it loses its self-induction]
C. A coil of 100 turn, a sectional area of 200 cm2, it is placed at 60o through the plane of a uniform magnetic
field of density √𝟑 Tesla, calculate:
a. The magnetic flux crossing the coil.
[m = A.B.sin = 200×10-4×√𝟑×sin60 = 0.03 Weber]
b. The magnetic torque affecting the coil when carrying direct current of intensity 2 A.
[ = BIANcos = √𝟑×2×200×10-4×100×cos60 = 3.46 N.m]
c. The e.m.f induced in the coil as the current ceases through 0.1 second.
∆ 0−0.03
[e.m.f = -N.∆𝑡 = - 100 × 0.1
= 30 volt.]
Q2
A. Write down the scientific term for each of the following:

a. The e.m.f induced in a coil is directly proportional to the rate of change in the magnetic flux
intercepting it. [Faraday's law]
b. A device used to transfer the electric power from the electric power stations to zones of consumption
without much loss. [electric transformer]
c. A device used to convert the mechanical energy to electric energy. [electric generator]
d. The process of converting a.c into a unidirectional current. [rectification of a.c]
e. The rule used to determine the direction of magnetic torque affecting the motor coil.
[Fleming's Left Hand's rule]
B. First; in the given figure, what happens for the lamp illumination in the following cases:
a. Approaching the magnet towards the coil.
Illumination increases, as the induced backward current in the
coil is in similar direction to that of the battery.
b. Presence of magnet inside the coil for a while.
No change in the illumination, as no change in magnetic flux and no e.m.f induced.
c. Removal of the magnet away from coil.
Illumination decreases, as the induced forward current in the coil is in opposite direction to that of the battery.
∆𝑰
Second; prove that the induced e.m.f in coil due to its self-induction is determined using the relation: e.m.f = - L.∆𝒕.
∆𝐼 ∆
• As the rate of change in magnetic flux is related to the rate of change in current inside the coil, so; ∆𝑡  ∆𝑡.
∆
• And as the e.m.f induced is related to the rate of change in magnetic flux, e.m.f  ∆𝑡.
∆𝑰 ∆𝑰
• So; e.m.f  , and: e.m.f = - L. , where; L is the coefficient of self-induction for the coil.
∆𝒕 ∆𝒕
Mr. Samir Ashour 1

C. An electric transformer of 90 % efficiency, it decreases voltage from 2400 volt to 120 volt, with a power of
13.5 Kilowatt, as the turns are 4000 in primary coil, calculate the number of turns of secondary coil, and
the passing current in both of its coils.
Ps =VS.IS, 13 500 = 120 IS, Is = 112.5 A
𝑉 𝐼 13500
 = 𝑉 𝑆 𝐼𝑆 , 0.9 = 2400 𝐼 , IP= 6.25 A
𝑃 𝑃 𝑃
𝑁𝑃 𝐼 4000 × 6.25
𝑁𝑆
= 𝐼𝑆 , NS = 112.5
= 222.22
𝑃
Q3
A. In the shown electric circuit;

a. Name the device. [Electric motor]
b. Name the components A and B. [A. Brush, B. commutator]
c. Mention the function of B. [keeps coil rotation in one
direction, as it reverses te current direction once each half cycle]
d. Determine the direction of the coil rotation. [Clock wise]
e. What happens on replacing the component (B) with two slip metallic rings? [stops at vertical position]
B. First; mention one function for each of the following;

a. Induction furnaces. [melting metals]
b. Fleming's right hand's rule. [determining the direction of the induced current in a
straight wire moving perpendicular to the magnetic field]
c. The backward e.m.f induced in motor coil. [responsible for the uniformity of coil rotation]
Second; A coil of sectional area 0.04 m2, 150 turns is

placed perpendicular to a variable magnetic field
due to the figure.
Calculate the induced e.m.f in the three given intervals.

∆ ∆𝐵 (15 − 6) × 10−3
e.m.fab = - N.∆𝑡 = - N.A. ∆𝑡 = - 150 × 0.04 × = - 5.4 volt.
6 × 10−2
∆ ∆𝐵 (15 − 15) × 10−3

e.m.f = - N.∆𝑡 = - N.A. ∆𝑡 = - 150 × 0.04 × = 0, no change in flux, no e.m.f induced.
(10 − 6) × 10−2
∆ ∆𝐵 (0 − 15) × 10−3
e.m.f = - N.∆𝑡 = - N.A. ∆𝑡 = - 150 × 0.04 × (14 −10) = 2.25 volt.
× 10−2
C. A rectangular coil of 100 turn, its dimensions are (20 cm × 10 cm), the coil revolves within a uniform
magnetic field of 0.28 Tesla at a rate 3000 cycle per minute. Calculate:
22 3000
a. The maximum value e.m.f induced. [e.m.f Maximum = NBA = 100×0.28×0.2×0.1×2× 7 × 60
= 88v]
b. The e.m.f induced after 5 milliseconds from the zero position.
[e.m.f Instantaneous = e.m.f Maximum.sint = 88×sin(2×180×50×0.005) = 88 v]
c. The e.m.f induced after rotating 30o from the zero position.
[e.m.f Instantaneous = e.m.f Maximum.sin = 88×sin30 = 44 v]
d. The effective value of the induced e.m.f = 0.707 e.m.f Maximum= 0.707 × 88 = 67.76 volt.
Mr. Samir Ashour 1

Q4
A. When could the value of each of the following equals zero?

a. The e.m.f induced in a wire moving through a magnetic field. [as it is moving parallel to the field]
b. The magnetic flux intercepting a dynamo coil. [in the parallel (horizontal) position to the field]
c. The instantaneous e.m.f in dynamo coil. [in the normal (vertical) position to the field]
d. The average e.m.f in a rotating dynamo coil. [along one complete cycle from the
vertical position or through half cycle from the horizontal position]
e. The induced e.m.f in a solenoid at the instant of switching its circuit ON. [the coil is double wounded]
B. First; compare between:
a. Step up [IP > IS] and step-down [IS > IP] transformers.
b. D.c [one fixed direction] and a.c [changeable direction once each half cycle].
c. The average e.m.f induced in dynamo coil within a quarter cycle [4NBAf] and a three-quarter cycle
4
[3NBAf].
Second; in the given figure; explain what happens for the illumination of the lamp in the following cases:
a. Inserting an iron rod through the two coils. [illumination increases, as
iron has high magnetic permeability, that increases the mutual induction]
b. Increasing the frequency of rotation in dynamo coil. [illumination
increases, as the increase in frequency increases the e.m.f induced]
c. Increasing the turns of coil (2). [illumination decreases, as more turns added less current flowing]
C. An ideal transformer has 250 turns in its primary coil, its secondary coil has (N S) turns of changeable value, the
transformer is used to obtain a variable output voltage (VS), the following table relates both of (NS) and (VS).
(VS) volt 48 72 96 120 144
(NS) 50 75 100 125 150
Plot a graphical relation for (VS) on

Y-axis, and (NS) on X-axis, then use
the plot to determine:
144−48
a. The slope of line = 150−50 = 0.96.
b. The voltage of the primary coil.
𝑉𝑆 𝑉𝑃
𝑁𝑆
= 𝑁𝑃
,
VP = Slope× NP = 0.96× 250 = 240 volt.
c. The produced power from the secondary coil, as its turns is 200 turns and the coil resistance is 75 Ω.
𝑉2 1922
The voltage corresponds 200 turns, its voltage = 192 volt, P = 𝑅
= 75
= 491.5 Watt.
Mr. Samir Ashour 1

Exam (3)
Q1;

a. The secondary coil in the step-up transformer has a greater ….… compared with that of primary
coil.
i. Power
ii. Current intensity
iii. Voltage
iv. Frequency
b. As the a.c generator produces an e.m.f equals half the maximum value, the plane of coil is inclined
to the magnetic field with an angle of …
i. 30o
ii. 45o
iii. 60o
iv. 90o
c. As the effective value of a.c from a dynamo coil is 100 volt, so the average e.m.f e.m.f within a 1/4
cycle is … volt.
i. 50
ii. 63
iii. 70.7
iv. 141.42
d. As the time taken to reach half the maximum e.m.f from zero position by dynamo coil is (t), so the
time taken to reach maximum e.m.f from zero position is …
i. T
ii. 2t
iii. 3t
iv. 4t
e. The given figure for an ideal transformer, the primary coil of 4 turns is joined with a battery, as the
secondary coil has 8 turns, so the voltage at the secondary coil is … volt.
i. Zero
ii. 12.5
iii. 25
iv. 50
B. First; mention the physical quantity and an equivalent unit for
each of the following:
a. Tesla.m2/second. [e.m.f / volt]
2
b. Volt.Second/m . [magnetic flux density / Tesla]
c. Volt.Second/Ampere. [self-induction / Henry]
Second; mention one factor affecting each of the following:
a. The direction of the induced current in the dynamo coil. [direction of magnetic field / direction
of coil rotation]
b. The direction of motion for the motor coil. [direction of magnetic field / direction of current in coil]
c. The power of motor. [number of coils]
Mr. Samir Ashour 1

C. A dynamo coil of 420 turns, each of area 3×10-3 m2, it rotates through a uniform magnetic field of flux
density 0.5 Tesla, as the coil starts rotation from normal position to the field reaching the maximum value
𝟏
within second, find out:
𝟐𝟎𝟎
22 200
a. The maximum value of e.m.f. [e.m.f Maximum = NBA = 420×0.5×3×10-3×2× 7 × 4
= 198 volt]
b. The time needed to reach half the maximum value for the first time.
e.m.f Inst. = e.m.f Maximum .sin, 99 = 198 sin >>  = 30o,
30 1
 = 2ft >> t = = = 0.00166 second.
2×180×50 600
c. The effective value of e.m.f = 0.707 e.m.f maximum = 0.707 × 198 = 139.98 volt.
Q2
A. What happens if …?
a. The plane of motor coil is perpendicular to the magnetic field. [No acting torque upon the coil]
b. The plane of dynamo coil is perpendicular to the magnetic field plane, due to the rate of change in
magnetic field. [rate of change in magnetic flux = zero]
c. Doubling the length of a solenoid according to its self-induction. [self-induction decreases to quarter]
d. Passage of a.c through an insulated wire wrapped around a solid Aluminum cylinder.
[the Aluminum cylinder is getting hot, due to the formation of eddy currents]
e. Displacing the two brushes of the unidirectional current generator by 90o, so that the line joining
them is perpendicular to the field lines, without any other change in dynamo structure.
[no induced current obtained from dynamo in parallel position nor the vertical position]
B. First; compare between:
a. Dynamo [electromagnetic induction] and motor [the magnetic torque affecting a coil carrying d.c].
b. Transmitting the generated electric power to zones of distribution once directly [more power loss in
connecting power lines, and small efficiency of power transfer] and another using electric transformers
[little power loss in connecting power lines, and high efficiency of power transfer].
c. Lenz's rule [determining the direction of induced current in a coil subjected to a magnetic field] and
Fleming's right hand's rule [determining the direction of induced current in a straight wire moving
perpendicular to a magnetic field].
Second; The given figure (1) shows a coil rotates within a magnetic field for an a.c generator whose
terminals are T1 and T2 joined with an external circuit, while
figure (2) shows the variation in the generated e.m.f induced.
a. Which of the points A, B and C presents the e.m.f
induced in the coil on crossing the normal position?
Point (C), as in vertical position the e.m.f = zero.
b. Calculate the time needed for the coil to change its e.m.f
from 45 volt to 22.5 volt for the first time.
As the time needed to reach such positition from horizontal
position; e.m.f Inst. = e.m.f Maximum.cos
0.5 60 × 1.5 × 10−3
22.5 = 45cos(2×180×1.5 × 10−3×t), t = 180
= 5 × 10-4 s.
c. On increasing the velocity of coil rotation, what is the effect on:
a. The maximum value of e.m.f. [increases; as e.m.f  frequency]
1
b. The periodic time. [decreases; as T = 𝑓]
C. The ratio between the number of turns in a step-up transformer is 1:100, so as its primary coil is joined
with an a.c source of 200 volt, calculate:
𝑁𝑃 𝑉𝑃 𝟏 200
a. The e.m.f induced in the secondary coil. [ = , = , VS = 20 000 volt]
𝑁𝑆 𝑉𝑆 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝑉𝑆
Mr. Samir Ashour 1

𝐼 𝑁 𝐼
b. The ratio of currents of primary to secondary coils. [𝐼𝑃 = 𝑁𝑆 , 𝐼𝑃 = 100]
𝑆 𝑃 𝑆
c. The power of secondary coil as its current is 2 Ampere. [P = VI = 20 000 × 2 = 40 000 Watt]
d. What happens on replacing the a.c source with a d.c source of similar voltage.
[VS = 0, as the electric transformer doesn't work on d.c]
Q3
A. Mention the role of …:

a. Siliconic soft iron in the core of electric transformer. [it concentrates the magnetic flux, due to its high
permeability, also; the presence of silicon raises its specific resistance to minimize the eddy currents]
b. The two brushes in both of dynamo and motor.
[transmitting the electric current from coil to the external circuit and vice-versa]
c. Electric transformers at the generating power stations. [step up voltage, decreasing current,
saving the power lost in connecting wires]
d. Dynamo. [converting the mechanical energy to electric energy]
e. High potential difference at the terminals of the fluorescent tube. [generates a
suitable magnetic field to ionize the gas atoms, that collide with the fluorescent material emitting light]
B. First; In the opposite figure two metallic strips able to slide freely, both
are perpendicular to a uniform magnetic field, as the magnetic field is
starts to decrease gradually, explain the direction of their motion.
The two wires repel each other, X goes to the right, Y goes to the left.
Due to Lenz's rule, a magnetic field is induced to oppose the decrease in the original flux, to be of similar
direction, inducing a forward e.m.f and current that is opposite to each other in the two strips, so they repel.
Second; in the step-up transformer, the voltage at the secondary coil is greater than that of the primary
coil, is such fact defies the law of conservation of energy? Explain your answer.
There is no contradiction, as the increase in voltage is on the sake of current intensity, as voltage is inversely
proportional to voltage.
C. A metallic ring of radius 5 cm, its resistance is 10-3 Ω, its center is placed in common with the center of
another ring of radius 50 cm, at which an electric current grows from zero to 8 Ampere within 10 -6 second.
Calculate the magnitude of the induced current in the smaller ring. [As; µair = 4×10-7 Wb/A.m]
µ𝐼𝑁 4 × 3.14 × 10−7 × 8 ×1
B= 2𝑟
= 2 × 0.5
= 1 × 10-5 Tesla.
𝛥𝐵 𝛥𝐵 (1 × 10−5 −0)
e.m.f2 = IR = -N2.A. ∆𝑡 , I = -N2.A.𝑅.∆𝑡 = - 1 × 3.14 × 0.052 × 10−3 × 10−6
= 78.5 Ampere.
Q4
A. Mention the scientific idea upon which the work of each of the following is based on:
a. Induction furnaces. [eddy currents]
b. Electric motor. [magnetic torque affecting a coil carrying d.c and placed within a magnetic field]
c. Electric generator. [electromagnetic induction]
d. Electric transformer. [mutual induction]
e. Starting the illumination of fluorescent tube. [self-induction]
B. First; in the given diagram, at the instant of closing the circuit of primary coil:
a. Draw the direction of the current and magnetic field formed in the primary
coil (magnetic poles), name the rule used. [Ampere's right hand's rule]
Mr. Samir Ashour 1

b. Draw the direction of the induced current and magnetic field formed in the secondary coil
(magnetic poles), name the rule used. [Lenz's rule]
Second; describe the position of dynamo coil with respect to the magnetic field direction at the instant
where the magnitude of instantaneous current intensity is:
a. Maximum value. [the coil's plane is parallel to the field lines]
b. Half the maximum value. [the coil's plane is 60o inclined to the field lines]
c. Equals the effective value. [the coil's plane is 45o inclined to the field lines]
C. In the given figure; a circular coil of 200 turns is held horizontally, a bar magnet is falling through the coil in
the given direction, so the magnetic flux changes from 2.5×10-3 Weber to 8.5×10-3 Weber within 0.4 second,
calculate:
a. The average e.m.f induced.
∆ (8.5×10−3 −2.5×10−3 )
e.m.f = - N. = - 200 × = - 3 Volt.
∆𝑡 0.4
b. Show the direction of the induced current, the name of the rule used is
[Lenz's rule].
c. The e.m.f induced increases if the magnet falls at greater speed, the faster
1
moving magnet increases the rate of change in magnetic flux, e.m.f  ∆𝑡.
Mr. Samir Ashour 1

tudent Evaluation Guide (2017).
• Booklet Models of the Ministry of Education .
•
0 Write down the scientific term for each statement :
I. A process of converting AC current (variable intensity and direction) into unidirectional
current of constant intensity.
2. Rule is used to determine the direction of torque acting on a coil of electric motor.
( Booklet 4)
0 Choose the correct answer of the given answers

1. By increasing the flux lines which is cutting the secondary coil, the generated effective
emf is .......... emf.
a. reverse b. forward c. frequent
2. By decreasing the flux lines which is cutting the secondary coil, the generated effective
emf is .......... emf.
a. reverse b. forward c. frequent
3. The average induced emf generated in a coil when it rotates around its axis 180 °
starting from the perpendicular position on the magnetic flux lines = • • .. • • • • • •
2NAB NAB
a. zero. b. c.
�t 8t
4. The average induced emf generated in a coil when it rotates around its axis 180 °
starting from the parallel position of the magnetic flux lines = · · · · · · .. · ·
2NAB NAB
a. zero. b. c.
dt �t
5. The direction of the induced current in the induction coil is determined by using • • • • • • • .. • rule.
a. Fleming's right hand b. Lenz c. Fleming's left hand
Mr. Samir Ashour 1

6. The circuit shown in the figure is placed in a magnetic :..-10cm-
t X X X
field where its direction js into the page, if the value of

X X
<.I X X X X X
the field is decreased by rate 150T/s, so the reading of X X X X
ammeter becomes •········•

a.0.15A. b.0.35 A.
c.0.5A. d. 0.65A. 5V
7. In the shown figure, two coils move in a magnetic field due to passing an electric
current (I) through a long wire as shown in the two figuresA, B, so the induced current
in the two coils and its direction are • • ········
a. (A) anticlockwise, (B) clockwise. a C
I
b.(A) zero, (B) clockwise.
e d
c. (A) clockwise, (B) clockwise.
(A) (B)
d.(A) clockwise, (B) zero.
8.At the moment in which the coil ofAC dynamo is parallel to the direction of the
magnetic flux, the magnetic flux through the coil (<l>m) and the induced emf in the coil
are•········· (Booklet 4 - Exp. 17)
<l>m emf
a. maximum zero
b. zero maximum
c. maximum maximum
d. zero zero
9. When the angle between the plane of the coil and the direction of the magnetic flux is 60° ,
so the induced emf will be••········
j3 b. half the maximum value.

a.
2 from maximum.
c.equal to the maximum. d. equal to the effective value.
10. When the effective emf of a dynamo's coil is 50 Volts, the average emf through } cycle
from the parallel position to the field equals•········· Volts.
a. 141.42 b. 70.7 c.45 d. 50
172
Mr. Samir Ashour 1
I 1- A rectangular coil rotates between two
magnetic poles, if the coil rotates around
the axis PQ from the position shown in
the figure, which of the following figures N
represent the change of the induced emf in
the coil to complete one cycle ? • • • • • • • • • •
emf emf
(a) (b)
emf emf
(c) (d)
EJ What are the factors affecting each of the following :

l. The intensity of eddy currents.
2. The direction of the current generated in the dynamo's coil. (Booklet 4)
3. The effective value of induced emf through dynamo's coil. (Booklet 3)
4. The efficiency of electric transformer.
5. The direction of the motion of the coil of electric motor.
6. The power of electric motor. (Booklet 2)
El What happens in the following cases :

I. When the length of the coil is increased to the double only concerning the coefficient of
self induction (L).
2. When the plane of dynamo's coil gets perpendicular to the magnetic flux lines
concerning the rate of cutting the dynamo's coil to the magnetic flux lines.
3. When the two brushes of AC dynamo are displaced by 90 ° such that the line between
them is perpendicular on the magnetic flux lines without any change in the structure of
dynamo.
4. When the coil of motor becomes perpendicular on the direction of magnetic field during
its rotation.
Mr. Samir Ashour 1

11 What are the results of each of the following :
• 1. Connecting the primary coil of step down transformer to lamp (x) and DC source and
connecting lamp (y) between two ends of secondary coil. (Exp. 17)
2. There is high potential difference between two terminals of fluorescent lamp.
3. Generation of induced emf through motor's coil during its rotation between two poles
of a magnet.
4. Replacing two isolated halves of a cylinder of motor's coil with two metallic rings.
II Compare between each of the following :

1. The average effective emf in a coil of AC dynamo through a quarter cycle and half
a cycle if starting its motion from zero position (in terms of: the law).
2. Step up transformer and step down transformer (in terms of the value of current through
each of two primary and secondary coils).
3. The role of the splitted cylinder into two isolated halves in each of dynamo and motor.
(Booklet 2)
4. The reason of using more than one coil in each of the DC dynamo and the electric
motor. (Booklet 2)
II When are the following values equal zero?

1. The induced emf in a solenoid connected to DC voltage source at the moment of
closing its circuit.
2. The induced emf generated in a straight wire moving in a magnetic field.
3. The average emf generated in a dynamo's coil during the rotation.
4. The magnetic flux through the dynamo's coil.
5. The instantaneous emf in a dynamo's coil during the rotation.
1:1 Miscellaneous questions

1. Show by drawing with full details one of the cases of Faraday's experiment in
the electromagnetic induction :
Representing : - The direction of the motion between the magnet and the coil.
- The direction of the induced current in the coil.
- The polarity of the terminals of the coil.
L
2. In the opposite figure, what is the type of the magnetic pole of the magnetic needle
which approaches to coil (B) in the following cases :
I rI jf
iV 11
V V 1VO
\ '
I
oo o " o "�
(a) At the moment of closing the circuit of coil (A).
I
V \i V
(b) At the moment of approaching coil (A) from coil (B).

(c) At the moment of moving coil (A) away from coil (B). �
(A) (B)
(d) At the moment of opening the circuit of coil (A).
174 Mr. Samir Ashour 1

3. The following figure represents the
relation between the magnetic flux which
penetrates a coil moving with constant
velocity in a uniform magnetic field
and time, draw on the same figure the
relation between the induced emf between
the terminals of the coil and time with
explanation. (Booklet 2)
X X X X
4. In the opposite figure, two metallic rods (A), (B) X X X X
X X X X
slide on two parallel wires perpendicular on X X X X
a uniform magnetic field, if the magnetic field X X X X
starts to decrease gradually, describe the motion of

X X X X
X X X X
rods, explain your answer. B A

5. In the opposite figure, abc wire is in form of a right angle, the
X a X
length of its sides f, 2 f and is placed in a magnetic field of
)( )(
)( X
density (B) its direction is down to the page where the plane of
)( )(
X X
the wire is perpendicular to the field, calculate the generated emf l x
21
through the wire by in terms of B, f, v if the wire moves with
X X X X
2x
velocity v mis in a direction :
X X )(
b l C
(a) Number (1) towards the right of the page normal to ab.
(b) Number (2) up in the plane of the page normal to be.
(c) In a direction normal to the plane of the wire parallel to the field downwards the page.
6. In the opposite figure, what will happen to the illumination of lamp when : Isolated coil
(a) Approaching the magnet in the direction of the coil. I s N I
(b) Putting is a magnet inside the coil for a while. Magnet
(c) Removing the magnet away from the coil.

7. In the opposite figure, at the moment of closing the circuit of
the primary coil. (Booklet 3)
(a) Draw the directions of current and the magnetic flux �Prim_ary
/ COIi
(magnetic poles) through the primary coil and mention �
the used rule.

(b) Draw the directions of current and the magnetic flux � Secon_dary
(magnetic poles) through the secondary coil and mention �
COIi
the used rule.

Mr. Samir Ashour 1
8. Give reason for: There is an induction coil in fluorescent lamp circuit.
9. Describe the position of the dynamo's coil with respect to the magnetic flux when the
intensity of instantaneous current : (Booklet 1)
(a) maximum. (b) half the maximum. (c) equals the effective value.
10. Write down the used mathematical relation to calculate each of the following:
(a) The induced emf through a straight wire moves in a magnetic field.
(b) The emf generated in a secondary coil due to the change of current intensity through
the primary coil which is adjacent to the secondary coil. (Booklet 2)
(c) The efficiency of electric transformer. (Booklet 2)
11. What is meant by: The effective emf of AC current= 15 Volts. (Booklet 1)
12. In the opposite figure, the coil (X) is connected to AC

dynamo and the coil (Y) is connected to illuminated lamp. X
What will happen to illumination of the lamp when :
(a) increasing the frequency of dynamo.
(b) inserting a rod of wrought iron in each of the two coils. (Exp. 17)
13. In a step up transformer when the potential difference between the terminals of the
secondary coil is greater then the potential difference between the terminals of the
primary coil, does this contradict the law of conservation of energy? Explain your
answer.
14. What is meant by: A transformer loses 10% of its energy when it transfers from
the primary coil to the secondary coil. (Booklet 3)
15. Mention the importance of a reverse emf in a motor.
D Problems: B(mT)
1. A coil of cross-section area 0.04 m2 and number 15

(b) (c)
of turns 150 turns, its plane is perpendicular to a 12
variable magnetic field according to the graphical 9
representation shown in the figure, calculate the 6 (a)
average induced emf through the coil in each stage 3
(d) f2
of the changing stages. �-------�_,__txlf

2 4 6 8 W U M
(s)
(- 0.9 V, 0, 2.25 V)

2. In the opposite figure :
A circular coil consists of 200 tum and is placed horizontally, the
north pole of the magnet moves perpendicular on the coil, so the
flux changes from 2.5 x 10-3 Wb to 8.5 x 10-3 Wb through 0.4S :
(a) Calculate the average effective generated emf.
(b) Show on the drawing the direction of the induced current through
the coil and mention the used rule.
(c) What will happen to the generated emf if the magnet is dropped down through
the coil with greater velocity ? And why ? (3 V)
3. In the circuit shown in the figure :
If the current intensity was 5 A and this intensity
decreases by rate 103 A.s- 1•
Find the potential difference between two points A, B. (15 V)
i
4. A rectangular coil of surface area 70 cm2 and number of turns 100 turns rotates around
its axis through a magnetic field of density lT and makes 300 tum each minute.
Find : ( Book/er 3)
(a) The maximum emf generated through the coil.
(b) The effective emf generated through the coil.
(c) The period starting from the perpendicular position of the coil till the emf reaches
+ 22 Volts.
(d) The period starting from the perpendicular position till the emf reaches - 22 Volts.
(44 V, 3 J .11 V, 1 S, 7
120 120
s)
I(A)
5. The opposite figure represents the change of generated
20
electric current from AC dynamo with time :
10
(a) Find the angular velocity of the dynamo's coil.
(b) Find the effective value of this current.
(c) Explain how can you from this current to obtain the two
-20
currents represented by the two figures (1), (2).
l(A) l(A)
20
-10
-20 -20
(1) (2 )
(314.29 rad/s, 14.14 A)
Mr. Samir Ashour 1

6. The power generated from an electric station is 100 kWatt with potential difference~
200 Volts at the station and there is an electric transformer at the station, the ratio
between number of turns of its coil 1 : 5, find the efficiency of transferring if wires of
resistance equals 4 Q are used to transfer this power. (60%)
7. The ratio between the number of turns of two coils in an ideal step up transformer 1 : 100
if its primary coil is connected to AC source of 200 Volts.
(a) Calculate the effective emf through the secondary coil.
(b) Calculate the ratio between the value of the current through the primary coil to
the secondary coil.
(c) Calculate the power resulted in the secondary coil if the current intensity passes
through it is 2 Ampere.
(d) What will happen if the AC source is replaced by DC source of the same value of emf.
(2 x 104 V, l�O, 4 X
4
10 w)
8. An electric transformer is connected to AC source of 220 V where a current of effective
value 10 A passes through its primary coil, if the resulted power through the secondary
coil is 1980 W and the induced potential difference between its terminals is 22 V, find :
(a) The efficiency of the transformer. (Booklet4 - Exp. 17)
(b) The resistance of the circuit of the secondary coil. (90%, 0.24 Q)
9. Figure (1) represents a coil rotates between two magnetic poles in an electric generator
and the two ends T 1 , T2 are connected to external electric circuit while figure (2)
represents the change of the induced emf of the same generator with time
(a) Which of the points shown in figure (2)
(A or B or C) represents the induced emf
through the coil when it passes through
N s
the normal position of the field ?
Explain your answer.
(b) Find the time taken by the coil to change emf(V)
the induced emf from 45 V to 22.5 V for A

45
the first time.
B
(c) If the velocity of rotation of the coil increases,
C
·---->t------t(ms)
what is the. effect of that on each of: 0.75
1- The maximum value of induced emf.

2- The periodic time. (0.5 ms)
Figure (2)

Answers of SelectL Questions 2. The stored magnetic energy is discharged
in the coil in an evacuated tube contains an
 l. Current rectification.
inert gas which leads to collision between
2. Fleming's left hand
its atoms to ionize them and its collision
with the surface of the painted tube with
 I.a
7.d
2.b
8.b
3.b
9.b
4.a
10.c
5. b
I I. c
6. b
fluorescent material which leads to emission
of visible light.
1. Resistance of a metallic core.
 The rate of change in the magnetic flux. 3. The velocity of rotation of motor's coil is
2. The direction of the magnetic field. uniform.
-The direction of rotation of the coil.
3. - The number of turns of the coil.
4. The coil doesn't rotate a complete cycle but
-The magnetic flux density. rotates half a cycle then reverse its direction
- The surface area of the coil. of rotation. v
- Angular velocity of dynamo's coil.
4. -Resistance of the wires of two coils.
- The geometric shape of two coils.  1- Through ¾ cycle : emf= - NAB x 4 f
-Type of the material of the metallic core. - Through ½ cycle : emf= - NAB x 4 f
1
- Dividing the metallic core into isolated
sheets from each other. 2.The step up transformer: I,< I
5. -The direction of the magnetic field. The step down transformer: I,> I
-The direction of current through the 3.Dynamo:AC current rectification
motor's coil. - Motor: Reverse the direction of current in
Motor's coil each half cycle until it rotat in one
6. - The number of motor's coil. direction
-The number of turns in each coil. 4. DC current dynamo:let the current be
-The magnetic fluxdensity. unidirectional and of constant intensity
-The current intensity passing approximately.
through the motor's coil. -Motor : Increasing the efficiency of motor.
-The surface area of the motor's coil.

 1.When the coil is double coiled.
I. The self 111duct1on coefficient of the c01! 2.When the wire moves parallel to the direction
decreases 10 its half where ( / = ). of magnetic field.
7
2. The rate of cutting the coil to the magnetic 3.When the rotation of dynamo's coil completes
flux lines vanishes. one cycle.
3. There is no curren · passes through the 4.When the plane of the coil is parallel to the
magnetic field.
external circuit when the plane of the coil
5.When the plane of the coil gets perpendicular
i! perpendicular or parallel 10 the fietc\. to the magnetic field.
4. The torque acting on the coil
instantaneously vanishes but it completes its 
rotation in the same direction due to intertia.


1. The lamp (x) glo, ·s while lamp (y) glows
instantaneously a closing the circuit of the

primary coil then it switcl1 _s off.
Mr. Samir Ashour 1


- Explanation :
According to Faraday's law,
Which represents the slope of the tangent of
the curve at any moment.
At begining: lm = 0,so the slope is maximum and
so that the value of emf is maximum.
but we draw it in the negative direction according to
Lenz's rule.
- By increasing the value of , the slope
decreases gradually and, so the value of
emf decreases and when the value of 4> 111
reaches to maximum, the value of emf
equals zero.
- When the value of ll,,, decreases, the
value of slope increases in the negative
direction and the value of emf increases
but in the positive direction and so on
 The two wires move in two opposite

directions ar away from each other and a
repulsion force is generated because the
magnetic field starts to decrease gradually,
an electric current is generated
through the two wires and according to
fLenz 's rule, an induced electric current is
generated through the two wires as shown

in the figure and a repulsion
force is generated between the two wires
leads to move the two wires as shown in the
figure.
Mr. Samir Ashour 2

1 Write down the scienti ic concept that expresses:
@ The self inductance of a coil that generates an induced electromotive force of 1 volt when the current
intensity through it changes at a rate of 1 ampere/second.
@ The intensity of the direct current that generates the same power in a resistance as
that generated by the considered alternating current.
,2
0 Giv_e reason for :
An electric bulb connected in the secondary circuit of a transformer does not operate if the primary coil
is connected to a battery.
D A straight wire 25 cm long is placed perpendicular to uniform magnetic flux of density

3
0.5 T. If the wire is moved in the flux area at uniform velocity 0.3 mis and the motion
direction subtends an angle 30° to the flux direction, calculate the induced electromotive
force in the wire.
4 @ State Lenz's rule. @ Define the frequency of the alternating current.
flMention one application of :

5
@ Self induction in a coil.
 Mutual induction between two coils.
f.D The graph represents the change in the
6
magnetic flux through the dynamo coil
during rotation in a uniform magnetic field.
If the coil has cross-sectional area 0.12 m2
and 10 turns, calculate the induced emf at
the instant (Y). (consider: Jt = 3.14)
7 Mention the name of the device that :

@ Converts the mechanical energy into electrical energy.
@ Converts the electrical energy into mechanical energy.
CD When does the induced electromotive force between the terminals of a straight wire,
8
moving in magnetic flux vanish ? Explain your answer.
Mr. Samir Ashour 3

9 What is the reason of ... ?
@ The temperature rise of the iron core in the electric transformer during operation.
@ Continuity of the motor coil rotation in one direction.
G
)In an AC dynamo, the two
metal rings at the coil terminals
are replaced by a commutator.
Plot a curve to represent the
generated current in this case.
� G) Choose the correct answer :

!
In Faraday's experiment for electromagnetic induction, the induced emf in the coil
increases when ______
® keeping the magnet still inside the coil
(B speeding up the magnet motion relative to the coil
@) connecting a galvanometer to the coil
@) increasing the spacing between the coil turns
Mr. Samir Ashour 4

1 )
1
@Henry.
@ The effective value of the alternating current.
2 !• @ speeding up the magnet motion relative to the coil.
Because the magnetic flux due to the DC

electric current of the battery is constant,
thus no induced emf can be generated which
is the base of the electric transformer
working, so the bulb does not operate.
3 emf=Bfv sin 0=0.5 x0.25x0.3xsin 30° =0.019 V
4 @The electric current must be in a direction such

that to oppose the change producing it.
@ It is the number of complete cycles made by
the AC current in one second.
5 @The induction coil in the fluorescent lamp circuit.
@ Electric transformer.
6 At point Y, the emf is maximum value and 0 =90°

emf=NBAro sin rot=N (21tf) sin (21tft)
= lQ X 0.08 X 2 X 3.14 X ( � )
Q. S
xsin (2x 180x ( 0_�8 ) x0.02) =62.8 V
@Dynamo.
7 @ Electric motor.
8 When the wire moves parallel to the magnetic

flux lines because it does not cut the flux lines.
9 @Due to eddy currents and resistance of the iron..

@ Because thejtwo metallic cylinder halves
interchange their position relative to the two
brushes each half cycle. As a result the electric
current pass1ng in the coil reverses direction once
each half cyde that makes the forces have the same
direction then continue rotation due to inertia.
Mr. Samir Ashour 5

1 0 What is meant by : @ Faraday's law or electromagnetic induction ? @ Lenz's rule ?
. 0 Give reason or : The coils of the electric transformer are made up of metallic wires having as
2
low ohmic resistance as possible.
3 · The coil of an AC dynamo generates an emf of maximum value 100 V when it rotates in
a magnetic field at frequency 50 Hz. Calculate the instantaneous emf after 2.5 x 10-3 s
from the position of being perpendicular to the magnetic flux lines .
4 Mention one factor that affects the effective emf that is generated in the dynamo coil.
5
- Choose the correct answer :
A coil of 500 turns is placed normally to a magnetic field. If the magnetic flux through
the coil changes at a rate of 0 .01 Wb/s, the emf induced in the coil equals ------
0 SV (B 0.7V (£) 0.5 V @zero
6 � Mention one application of :  Mutual induction between two coils.  Eddy currents.
' G What happens when :

7
® Transferring the electrical power from the generating power station to zones of distribution
without using a step up transformer at the power station ?
@ The motor coil rotates from the position being parallel to the magnetic flux till it reaches the
perpendicular position to flux lines ?
G
8 Choose the correct answer :
The graph represents the relation between the input
voltage (V ) versus time (t) in a step down transformer.
p
So, the curve that represents the output voltage in
the secondary coil is ______
Mr. Samir Ashour 6

G Compare:
9
P.O.C AC dynamo Electric motor
The scientific
principle of its
operation:
) . Give reason or : ® No emf is induced across a wire moving in a magnetic field.

@ Backward emf is induced in a secondary coil at the moment of switching on
the circuit of a primary coil located inside it.
@The induced emf generated in a coil by

2 @ The torque decreases gradually till it vanishes
when the plane of the coil becomes perpendicular
electromagnetic induction is directly proportional

1 to the lines of the magnetic flux and the brushes
to the time rate by which the conductor intercepts

touch the insulator between the two cylinder
the lines of the magnetic flux and is also

halves. But the coil has gained a momentum which
proportional to the number of turns of the coil.

makes it continue its rotation due to inertia, which
@ The induced current must be in a direction such that to

in turn pushes the coil to the second half cycle.
oppose the change producing it. 8 

To decrease the losses in electric energy in the form
2 of heat energy. 9
emf.mst=emfmax sin(21tft)
emf.mst=100 x sin (2x180 x 50 x 2.5 x 10-3)= 7 0.71 V
AC dynamo Electric motor
3 The The torque due to
Electromagnetic the flow of the
emf=NBA co sin (21tft)
scientific
Number of turns, of the coil (N)

induction electric cmrent in a
4 principle
Or: Magnetic flux density (B) for the used magnet.
coil which can
Or: Armature face area (A).
of its
rotate in a magnetic
Or: Frequency (f) or angular velocity (co) .
operation:
Or: Sine the angle between the perpendicular to
field.
the coil and the magnetic flux lines.
5  5V ) @Because the wire is moving parallel to

the magnetic flux lines.
6 @The electric transformer.

@ Induction furnaces.
@ Because when the produced magnetic field
@ The electric current decreases due to

7
the resistance of the wires where the energy is
lost in the form of heat energy in the wires.
Mr. Samir Ashour 7

0 Define:
1 @ Effective value of AC current. @ Lenz's rule.
f)
2 The given graph show the change in the value of current
generated from a simple dynamo as its coil rotates, find :
First : The angular velocity of the coil rotation.
Second : The average value of the generated current during
O .04 seconds.
3 In the given figure, it is noticed that

an induced current passes through
the galvanometer from terminal (2)
to terminal ( 1) when ------
® the switch (S) is turned on
@ the resistance of the rheostat (R) is increased
@ the coil (B) is moved nearer towards the coil (A)
@) the coil (A) is moved nearer towards the coil (B)
e
4 The figure below shows a metal rod (AB) of length 0.2 m is moving at a uniform
velocity 8 mis perpendicular to a magnetic field of flux density 2.5 T whose direction is
inward perpendicular to the paper plane.
Calculate the intensity of the current in the resistance 6 Q.
(neglecting the rod resistance)
5
� Compare one pair of the following :
P.O.C Ampere's right hand rule Fleming's right hand rule
Their use:
G, Explain the role of electric transformers in transportation of ,�he electric energy ,frompower plants to the
6
areas where it is distributed for domestic use.
Mr. Samir Ashour 1

G An ideal transfo1mer has 500 turns in the primary coil and 10 turns in the secondary coil.
7
lFirst : Calculate the secondary voltag� if the secondary circuit is open and the primary
voltage is 120 V.
Second: Determine the current in the primary coil, given that the secondary coil is
connected to a resistance 15 .Q.
fi
8  Give one application of one of the two following phenomena :
® Electromagnetic induction. @ Eddy currents.

 What is the scientific principle on which the operation of the electric motor based ?
 The table below records the values of the electromotive force generated in a dynamo coil
and sine the angle between the normal to the coil plane and the direction of the magnetic
flux.
emf induced (volts) 0 20 40 60 80 100

sine 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5
First Plot the graph that represents these data where the electromotive force is
on the vertical axis and sine the angle on the horizontal axis. on the vertical axis and sine the angle
on the horizontal axis.
Second : From the graph, find the maximum electromotive force generated in the dynamo.
Mr. Samir Ashour 2

1 @The effective value of the AC current: It is
3 7 F"IrSt.. 10 -
- Vs
500 120
:. Vs= 2.4 V
the value of the DC current which generates
the same thermal energy in a resistance as that
Second: Is =y= �i = 0.16A
generated by the considered current in the same

resistance and within the same period of time.
:. I = 3.2 x 10-3 A
@ Lenz's rule : The induced current must be in p
a direction such that to oppose the change
producing it.
1
2 First : ffi =21tf =2 x 3.14 x 0_04 = 157 rad/s
Second: The average value of the alternating 8
current during the periodic time (0.04 s) =zero @ Induction coil of the fluorescent lamp: Where
3 @the resistance of the rheostat (R) is increased. the magnetic energy is stored in a coil then
discharged in an evacuated tube filled by inert
•
gas, causing collisions of its atoms between each
other and with the walls of the tube which is
4 coated with a fluorescent material that leads to
emf=Bfv =2.5 x 0.2 x 8 =4 V the emission of visible light.
1 =� =4/6 == 0.67 A
emf
@ Induction furnaces for melting metals.
5
 The torque clue to the flow of the electric current in
P.O.C Ampere's right Fleming's right a coil which can rotate in.a magnetic field
hand rule hand rule
To determine the To determine


I
direction of the the direction of
magnetic flux the induced
Their use: lines which are electric current
resulting from an in a straight wire
electric current moving
passing in a perpendicular to
straight wire. a magnetic flux.
6
At the electric power station : A step up transformer
is used to raise the electric potential to a very high
value which is associated with a decrease in the
current to a very low value, that decreases the losses
in the electric energy during transmission along
2
great distances where the power lost in wires= I R
At distribution zones : A step clown transformer is
used to lower the potential difference to 220 V.
Mr. Samir Ashour 5

1 What is meant by : ® The mutual induction between two coils= 0.02 H?
@ Efficiency of a transformer= 80% ?
D Choose the correct answer :The number of times that the intensity of AC current with frequency 60
2
Hz reaches a maximum value in one second is equal to------ times.
@150 @120 @)90 @60
1 f) State Lenz's rule.

3
3 ,Compare between :
Electric generator when Electric generator when
 P.O.C instantaneous (emf) is
equal to effective (emf)
instantaneous (emf) is
equal to maximum (emf)
The position of the coil of

generator with respect to
magnetic flux lines :
® P.O.C Alternating current Uni-directional current

of changing intensity
The graph which

represents variation in
current intensity versus
angle of rotation :
ff,l Step up transformer of efficiency 90%,_ whose primary coil is con_nected to

4
an alternating electric source having emf= 100 volts. If the ratio between the currents in
the secondary and primary coils is 1 : 20 respectively. Calculate the potential difference
between the two ends of the secondary coil.
fJ> Give reason :

5
A circuit of an electromagnet having great number of turns is connected in series to
a battery and a key. When the key is switched off, an electric spark appears between
the two ends of the key.
6 Under what conditions the following values become zero :

The value of induced instantaneous (emf) generated in the coil ofAC dynamo during its rotation
Mr. Samir Ashour 4

7ode Choose the correct answer :The direction of electric current in the coil
of electric motor is reversed every------
0 quarter cycle @half cycle · © three quartets of a cycle @) one complete cycle
Choose the correct answer: In the opposite figure, when the
8ode magnet is moving away, the reading of the
ammeter------
0 increases @decreases
© remains unchanged  equals zero
@
9
ode
AC generator whose coil is rotating between
two poles of a magnet having uniform
magnetic flux. Draw the change in current
intensity with the rotation angle starting
from the position at which the plane of
the coil is parallel to the magnetic flux lines
during one complete cycle.
f) Compare between :
1
P.O.C Fleming's right hand rule Lenz's rule
Use�
2
, � Give reason for :
ode
@In a DC circuit containing an inductiv� coil, the electric current does not reach zero directly at
the moment of opening the circuit.
® The iron core in the electric motor is made of thin insulated sheets.
3 Choose the correct answer : @When the magnetic flux (�m) intercepted by a number of turns is
changed,
due to variation of current (M), thus the ratio ( N :<l>rn) is equal to ------
0the total magnetic flux @the m�gnetic flux density ©the self-inductance of the coil
@ the induced ( emf) in the coil

@ An induced (emf) of value 10 V is generated in a coil whose number of turns 500 turns, when the
rate of change of the magnetic flux through it is ------
00 .2Wb/s @0.15Wb/s ©0.01 Wb/s @)0.02Wb/s
Mr. Samir Ashour 6

4e An induced electromotive force of 200 V is generated in a coil of self inductance 0 .1 H
when the electric current passing through it drops from 5 A to zero.
Find the time taken by the current to vanish.
The opposite figure represents the relation between the
5 induced emf in (volt) in a dynamo and the time in
(second), if the cross-sectional area of the dynamo's
coil is 0.02 m2 and the number of its turns is 300 turns,
find:
(a) The angular velocity (ro). (n = ;2)
(b) Magnetic flux density.
G) @ Choose the correct answer :Step-up transformer, the ratio between the number of its coils
ode
6
turns is 1 : 2 and the frequency of the current in the primary coil is 50 Hz thus the frequency of
current passing in the secondary coil is equal to ------
@ 100Hz (B75Hz @50Hz @25Hz
@ What is meant by : The efficiency of a transformer equals 75% ?
G Choose the correct answer :The effective value of an induced emf from the AC dynamo is equal to

the insta,ntaneous emf when the angle of inclination of the coil to the magnetic field is equal to
@45
°
@30o @60° @90°
S., Adynamo's coil of 500 turns and cross-sectional area 0.01 m

 2
revolves at a rate of 1200 cycle/min. If
the maximum induced emf produced is 26 .4 volts. Calculate the magnetic flux density.
 Choose the correct answer :

--An ·cteal-step-up-transformer;th-e-ratio-between numbecof-turns-of the primary coino
that of the secondary coil is 1 : 3. Its secondary coil is connected with a lamp works on
60 V. To operate the lamp, the voltage of primary coil must be------
@ 10V @20V @)30V @40V
Mr. Samir Ashour 7

Answer of Booklet  2019 6ode When the plane of the coil becomes perpendicular
to the magnetic flux lines.
@ It means that when the current intensity in one
1 of the two coils changes in the rate of 1 A every 7ode  half cycle
second, it generates in the second coil induced
emf = 0.02 V
@ It means that the ratio between the electric
G @ decreases.
8ode
energy generated in the secondary coil and
that consumed in the primary coil at the same
80
9ode
per10
. d off1me
= 100
120
2
3
Electric Answer of Booklet  2019
Electric generator
generator when
P.O.C when instantaneous
( emf) is equal to
instantaneous
(emf) is equal to
1 P.O.C Fleming's. right
effective (emf) Lenz's rule hand rule
maximum (emf)
Determines the Determines the
The position direction of the direction of the
The coil is making induced current induced electric
of the coil The coil is
angle 45° with Use: in a coil when the current passing in
of generator parallel to the a wire which is
respect to the flux magnetic flux cutting
with respect to flux lines. the coil changes. moving
magnetic flux lines.
perpendicular to a
lines: magnetic field.
® Uni-directional 2 @Because as a result of open1ng the circuit,

forward induced electric current is produced in
Alternating current current of
P.O.C the coil to resist the change in the magnetic flux
changing intensity
as per Lenz's rule.
@ To decrease the eddy currents and the electric
The graph
which
@© the self-inductance of the coil.
represents
variation
3 @@0.02Wb/s
in current
intensity
versus angle 4
4 I
-
p
I
=-s
V
V
:. V8 =2000 V
s p
I
(a) w=2 1tf=2 x 22 x _ =157 rad/s
5 7 0 04
Because when the key is switched off, the current
5
(emf )max= NBAco
vanishes rapidly and as a result very high induced 1
200
emf is generated in the coil based on Lenz's rule
(b) B= = 0212T
300x0.1)2x 157
so large forward current passes in the form of a
spark between the terminals of the switch due to
the ionization of air.
Mr. Samir Ashour 9

6ode @@50Hz.
@ It means that the ratio between the electric
energy delivered by the secondary coil and the
electric energy given by the source to the primary
coil at the same time interval=75 : 100
450
 
Mr. Samir Ashour 10

Exam (1)
Q1
A. Choose the correct answer:

a. This figure represents the circuit in a state of resonance, on removing the iron core from the coil,
the reading of hot wire ammeter will ……………
i. decrease
ii. increase
iii. remain constant
iv. become zero
b. The given circuit is at a state of resonance, then the frequency of the source is ……
i. 2.251 KHz
ii. 444.3 MHz
iii. 7.12 KHz
iv. 7.12 MHz
c. For an RLC Circuit, which of the following statements is correct?
i. The reactance at resonance is equal to the resistance
ii. Impedance at resonance equals the self-induction of coil
iii. The current intensity at resonance is maximum
iv. The impedance at resonance is maximum
d. Which of these figures represents resonance in RLC circuit?
e. As an RLC circuit is in a state of resonance, the impedance is of …….. and equals …… of the circuit.
i. minimum value, resistance
ii. maximum value, resistance
iii. minimum value, reactance
iv. maximum value, reactance
B. First; Mention two factors affecting each of the following:
a. Inductive reactance of a coil. [frequency of current / self-induction of coil]
b. Capacitive reactance of a capacitor. [frequency of current / capacitance of capacitor]
c. Resonance frequency in RLC circuit. [self-induction of coil / capacitance of capacitor]
a. Moving coil ammeter [equal scale divisions] and the hot wire ammeter [non-uniform scale
division].
1
b. Inductive reactance [increases, as; XL = 2fL] and capacitive reactance [decreases, as; XC = ]
2𝑓𝐶
(due to: the effect of increasing current frequency)
c. Readings of hot wire ammeter connected with inductive coil of zero ohmic resistance and a
source in a closed circuit once AC [smaller] and another DC [greater] (as both having similar
e.m.f).

C. A turning circuit consists of capacitance (C) mf and inductive coil of self–inductance (L) mH, this circuit
picks waves of frequency 600KHz, if on replacing the coil by another of inductance (3L) mH, and the
capacitor with another one of capacitance (3c) mF. Find the new frequency of being received.
𝐅𝟏 𝐋 .𝐂 𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝟑 𝐋𝟏 × 𝟑𝐂𝟏
𝐅𝟐
= √𝐋𝟐.𝐂𝟐 , 𝐅𝟐
=√ 𝐋𝟏 × 𝐂𝟏
, F2 = 200 KHz.
𝟏 𝟏
Q2
A. mention the scientific idea for:

a. The hot wire ammeter. [thermal effect of electric current]
b. The oscillating circuit. [exchanging the electric field in capacitor with the magnetic field of coil]
c. The resonance circuits. [XL = XC, current frequency = circuit frequency]
d. Capacitor. [storing electric energy as electric field]
e. Using iridium platinum alloy wire in the hot wire ammeter. [thermal expansion due to passing current]
B. First; write down the mathematical relation to calculate each of the following:
𝟏
a. The current frequency in resonance circuit. [Fo = 𝟐𝛑√𝐋𝐂
]
b. The impedance in an RLC circuit. [Z=√𝑅 2 + (𝑋𝐿 − 𝑋𝐶 )2 ]
c. The equivalent capacitive reactance for three capacitors joined in series. [XC Total = XC1 + XC2 + XC3]
Second. What is meant by?
a. The domestic current frequency is 50 Hz.
[the number of complete cycles done by the delivered a.c in house is 50 cycles each 1 second].
b. The capacitance of a capacitor is 16 µF.
[the ratio between the quantity of charges accumulates upon one plate of such capacitor is 16
micro coulombs for each 1 volt P.D at its plates]
c. The inductive reactance of a coil is 160 Ω.
[the opposition of the coil against the flow of a.c in such coil due its self-induction is 160 Ω].
C. A current of intensity 1 Ampere is passing through coil joined with a battery of e.m.f 12 volts, on replacing
the battery with an a.c source of similar voltage and frequency 50 Hz, a current of 0.6 Ampere flows in the
circuit. Then as a capacitor is joined in series with the coil the current intensity returns to 1 Ampere,
calculate:
a. The self–induction coefficient of the coil.
𝑉 12 𝑉 12
R = 𝐼 = 1 12 Ω, Z = 𝐼 = 0.6 = 20 Ω,
𝑋 16
Z =√𝑅 2 + 𝑋𝐿2 , 20 = √122 + 𝑋𝐿2 , 𝐿
XL = 16 Ω, L = 2𝜋𝑓 = 2 × 3.14 × 50
= 0.05 H.
b. The capacitance of capacitor

𝑉 12
On using the capacitor and the a.c source; Z = 𝐼 = 1 = 12 Ω.
Z = R = 12 Ω, so a resonance is attained, and XC = XL = 16 Ω.
1 1
C = 2𝜋𝑓𝑋 = 2 × 3.14 × 50 × 16 = 1.9910-4 F.
𝐶
c. The phase angle between the total voltage and the current intensity = zero, due to resonance.
Q3
A. Write down the scientific term
a. A device used to measure both A.C and D.C. [the hot wire ammeter]
b. An electric component is used to store the electric energy as charges and an electric field is initiated at
its plates. [capacitor]

c. Electric circuit consists of inductive coil and capacitor of variable capacitance is used in wireless
receiving circuits. [tuning circuit]
d. An electric circuit consists of inductive coil and capacitor, where the stored energy in capacitor is
converted to a magnetic field in the coil. [Oscillating circuit]
e. The opposition against the flow of the A.C current through a coil due to its self-induction.
[inductive reactance]
𝟏
B. First; prove that the frequency at resonance is given from the relation: fo = 𝟐 . [See the text book]
√𝑳𝑪
Second: when each of the following values equals zero?
a. The phase angle between the total voltage and current in an RLC circuit. [At resonance, if; XL = XC]
b. The inductive reactance for a coil. [on using d.c, or the coil is non-inductive double wounded]
c. Capacitive reactance of a capacitor of fixed capacitance joined with an A.C source. [at very high
1
frequency, as; XC = 2𝑓𝐶 ]
C. An a.c source (220 V- 50 Hz) is joined in series with a resistance of 8 ohm, inductive coil of inductance 0.1 H
and a capacitor of capacitive reactance 25.4 Ohm find out:
a. The inductive reactance of coil.
XL= 2πfL = 2 × 3.14 × 50 × 0.1 = 31.4 .
b. The current intensity passing in the circuit.
Z= √𝑅 2 + (𝑋𝐿 − 𝑋𝐶 )2 = √82 + (31.4 − 25.4)2 = 10 Ω.
𝑉 220
I= = = 22 A.
𝑍 10
c. The potential difference at each of resistance, coil and capacitor.
VR = IR = 22 × 8 = 176 volt, VL = IXL = 22 × 31.4 = 690.8 volt, VC = IXC = 22 × 25.4 = 558.8 volt,
d. How to modify the circuit to obtain a maximum current intensity? find its value.
By changing the value of XL or the value of XC till being equal, obtaining a state of resonance, where XL =
𝑉 220
XC, I Maximum = 𝑅 = 8
= 27.5 A.
Q4
A. Explain each of the following:

a. At very high frequency, we consider the circuit of an inductive coil as an open circuit.
As the inductive reactance is directly proportional to the current frequency, so at higher frequencies inductive
reactance increasing and almost no current flows, and the circuit seems to be opened.
b. The electric circuit of a capacitor with fixed capacitance is considered as a closed-circuit at higher
frequencies.
As the capacitive reactance is inversely proportional to the current frequency, so at higher frequencies capacitive
reactance decreasing and high current flows, and the circuit is closed.
c. The scale of hot wire ammeter is non–uniform.
As the produced heat is directly proportional to the square of current intensity, so doubling current increases the
heat four times, and increasing current three times increases the heat developed to nine times.
d. At resonance, the current intensity is maximum and impedance is minimum.
At resonance the total reactance for coil and capacitor = 0, so impedance = resistance value only (the smallest value),
and the passing current will be maximum in turns.
e. The current is decayed after certain time in the oscillating circuit.
Due to the ohmic resistance of connecting wires, electric energy decreases gradually for moving charges, decreasing
the potential difference on capacitor plates as well as the current intensity, forming a damped oscillation.
Mr. Samir Ashour 1
B. First; Mention the results for …
a. Inserting a soft iron core inside a solenoid, due to its inductive reactance. Inductive reactance
increases, as iron has a great magnetic permeability, XL  µ.
b. Joining an inductive coil with ohmic resistance that is joined with an a.c source, due to the phase
angle between voltage and current. [located in the 1st. quad, i.e; 0 <  < 90o]
c. Connecting a battery with a coil and a capacitor in series, due to the passing of electric current.
[current flows instantaneously for charging the capacitor, then it stops due to its insulator, and extreme
opposition against d.c]
Second; explain how to …?
a. Avoid the effect of air temperature upon the iridium platinum alloy wire of hot wire ammeter.
[the wire is fixed on a plate made of similar material]
b. Calibrating (scaling) the hot wire ammeter. [by joining a moving coil ammeter in
series with the hot wire ammeter, and passing different currents, and compare readings]
c. The reading constancy of pointer in the hot wire ammeter with passing current of a certain value.
[on reaching a state of thermal equilibrium, where the rate of the heat developed due to passing current
with the rate of heat lost from the wire]
C. An electric circuit consists of an a.c source of (100 volt - 50 Hz) is joined in series with a resistance of 25 Ω and a coil
of self-induction and capacitor 100 µF, if the current intensity the voltage have a similar phase, find:
1 𝟏
a. The inductive reactance (XL) = XC = 2𝑓𝐶 = 𝟐 × 𝟑.𝟏𝟒 × 𝟓𝟎 ×𝟏𝟎𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟔
= 31.8 Ω.
𝑉 𝟏𝟎𝟎
b. The current intensity in the circuit. I = 𝑅 = 𝟐𝟓 = 4 A.
c. This circuit is in a state of resonance, as voltage and current are of similar phase.
Exam (2)
Q1

a. Voltage leads current by 90o as the a.c current passes through …………
a. An inductive coil with negligible ohmic resistance
b. Ohmic resistance
c. Capacitor
d. Oscillating circuit
b. As the inductive reactance of a coil is (440L) Ω where; (L) is the coil's self–induction coefficient,
then the current frequency equals …
a. 44 Hz
b. 70 Hz
c. 400 Hz
d. 140 Hz
c. The measuring unit of the capacitive reactance is …
a. V/A
b. J/C
c. Henry
d. V.S/A
d. In the resonance circuit, on increasing the capacitance capacitor to double and the inductance of
the coil is decreased to (1/8) value, so the frequency that can be received………
a. Does not change
b. doubled
c. decreased to half
d. decreased to quarter
Mr. Samir Ashour 1

e. A resonance circuit of ohmic resistance (R), a coil of inductive reactance (3R) and a capacitor of
capacitive reactance (2R), so the phase angle between the total voltage and current is…….
a. 45o
b. 30 o
c. 90 o
d. 60 o
B. first; this given circuit consists of many coils of negligible ohmic resistance and an a.c source, Find:
a. The total reactance in the circuit.
10 ×40 22
L Total = 12 + ( 10+40 ) = 20 mH, XL Total = 2fL = 2 × 7 × 50 × 20 × 10-3 = 6.28 Ω.
b. The total current intensity.
𝑉 628
I = 𝑋 = 6.28 = 100 A.
𝐿
c. The current intensity in each coil.
I 12 µH = I Total = 100 A, I 10 µH = 80 A, I 40 µH = 20 A.
Second; An inductive coil of negligible ohmic resistance is joined with a hot wire ammeter and an a.c
source all in series, what happens to the reading of ammeter on …?
a. Inserting soft iron core inside the coil.
Decreases, due to the increase in the inductive reactance because of high magnetic permeability by iron.
b. Decreasing the frequency of the source.
Increases, due to the decrease in the inductive reactance, XL  f.
c. Removing 1/4 of the coil and connect the rest with the same source.
Increases, due to the decrease in the inductive reactance, XL  N2.
C. A 300Ω resistance is joined in series with a capacitor of reactance 265 Ω and an a.c source of frequency 100
Hz, if the potential difference across the capacitor is 5V, calculate:
1 𝟏
a. The capacitor capacitance. XC = 2𝑓𝐶 = 265 = 𝟐 × 𝟑.𝟏𝟒 × 𝟏𝟎𝟎 × 𝑪
, C = 6 µF.
𝑉 𝟓
b. The current intensity in the circuit. I= = = 0.018 A.
𝑋𝐶 𝟐𝟔𝟓
c. The potential difference across the resistance. V = IR = 0.018 × 300 = 5.66 volt.
Q2
A. Write down the scientific term;

a. The opposition against the flow of a.c in a circuit of capacitor due to its capacitance . [capacitive reactance]
b. The angle between the total voltage V and current intensity of a.c. [phase angle]
c. The equivalent of reactance and resistance in the RLC circuit. [impedance]
d. The number of complete cycles done by the dynamo coil when rotates around its axis between the
poles of a magnet in one second. [frequency]
e. A current changes its magnitude and direction periodically. [alternating current]
B. First;
𝑳
a. Prove that the term √𝑪 has the same measuring unit of the resistance, where(L) is the self –
induction coefficient of the coil and(C) is the capacitor capacitance.
𝑳 𝑯𝒆𝒏𝒓𝒚 𝒗𝒐𝒍𝒕.𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒅 𝒗𝒐𝒍𝒕 𝒗𝒐𝒍𝒕𝟐 .𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒅
√ = √ = √[ ] . 𝒄𝒐𝒖𝒍𝒐𝒎𝒃 = √𝑨𝒎𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒆𝟐.𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒅 = Ohm.
𝑪 𝑭𝒂𝒓𝒂𝒅 𝑨𝒎𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒆
𝑳
b. Prove that the term 𝑹 has the same unit of the time, where (L) is the self–induction coefficient of
the coil and (R) is the ohmic resistance.
𝑳 𝑯𝒆𝒏𝒓𝒚 𝑶𝒉𝒎.𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒅
= 𝑶𝒉𝒎 =
𝑹 𝑶𝒉𝒎
= second.
c. Show that the term (C x R) has the same unit of the time, where (C) is the capacitor capacitance
and (R) is the ohmic resistance.
Mr. Samir Ashour 1
𝒗𝒐𝒍𝒕 𝒄𝒐𝒖𝒍𝒐𝒎𝒃 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒅 .𝒄𝒐𝒖𝒍𝒐𝒎𝒃
R.C = Ohm.Farad = × = = second.
𝑨𝒎𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒆 𝒗𝒐𝒍𝒕 𝒄𝒐𝒖𝒍𝒐𝒎𝒃
Second; put (/) or (x) in front of the following sentences:

a. To obtain a big capacitance value from several capacitors, they should be joined in series. ( X )
b. As three equal capacitance capacitors are joined in parallel, and their equivalent capacitance is 4.5 µF,
then they are rejoined again but in series, their equivalent capacitance becomes 0.5 µF. (/)
c. In the opposite figure; the charge of capacitor C1 is 8 µC, so the charge of
capacitor C2 is 16 µC. (X)
d. The equivalent capacitance for a group of series joined capacitors I greater
than the capacitance of each one of them. (X)
C. A coil of self-induction 0.8 H, an ohmic resistance of 100 Ω both are joined with an a.c source of frequency
50 Hz, the voltage at the resistance is 12 volt. Calculate:
𝑉 12
a. The total current intensity. I=𝑅 = 100
0.12 A.
b. The voltage at the coil. XL = 2fL = 2×3.14×50×0.8 = 251.4 Ω, VL = I.XL= 0.12×251.4 = 30 v.
c. The total voltage of the circuit. V Total = √𝑉𝑅2 + 𝑉𝐿2 = √122 + 302 = 32.4 volt.
Q3
A. Mention one application for each of the following:

a. The oscillating circuit. [circuits of wireless transmission]
b. The resonance (tuning) circuit. [wireless receiving circuits]
c. The hot wire ammeter. [measuring the intensity of a.c and d.c]
d. The iridium platinum alloy in the hot wire ammeter.
[expands on heating due to passing current intensity]
e. The electric capacitor. [storing electric energy on its plates as charges]
B. First; prove that the impedance in a circuit containing a coil of induction and an ohmic resistance in series
is given by the relation: Z = √𝑹𝟐 + 𝑿𝟐𝑳 .
As; VR is of similar phase with current in ohmic resistance, while in coil voltage leads
current by 90o,
So, total voltage, VT = √𝑉𝑅2 + 𝑉𝐿2 , dividing by the total current (I). So; Z = √𝑅 2 + 𝑋𝐿2
Second; mention the results for each of the following:

a. Increasing the speed of rotation of dynamo coil upon the capacitive reactance of a capacitor joined
with the terminals of dynamo.
1
Capacitive reactance decreases, as; XC  𝑓.
b. Replacing the a.c source with a d.c source of similar voltage in a circuit containing a coil of induction,
an ohmic resistance concerning the passing current intensity.
Current intensity increase, as the inductive reactance is vanished in case of zero frequency d.c, only
resistance against current instead of greater value impedance.
c. Passage of a.c of high frequency through a moving coil ammeter.
The pointer doesn't move, the variable current direction produces a variable torque which stops the
pointer from vibration because of its inertia.
C. An electric circuit includes an 8 Ω resistance, joined in series with a coil of self-induction 0.1 H and a
capacitor of capacitance 12 µF and an a.c source of effective value 220 volt, as the number of times to pass
zero value 101 times each 1 second, calculate:
a. The inductive reactance of the coil.
Number of times to reach zero in one second = 2f+1 , 101 = 2f + 1 , so; f = 50 Hz.
Mr. Samir Ashour 1
1 1
XL = 2fL = 2 × 3.14 × 50 × 0.1 = 31.4 Ω, XC = 2𝑓𝐶 = 2 × 3.14 × 50 × 12 × 10−6
= 265.4 Ω.
b. Current intensity of coil.
𝑉 220 220
I=𝑍 = 2 2
= = 0.94 A.
√𝑅 +(𝑋𝐿 − 𝑋𝐶 ) √82 +(31.4 − 265.4)2
c. The phase angle between total voltage and current.
𝑋 −𝑋 265.4− 31.4
 = - tan-1 ( 𝐶 𝑅 𝐿 ) = - tan-1 ( 8
) = - 88o.
d. What modification can be done in the circuit for the passing current to reach a maximum effective
value.
Changing the magnitude of capacitor's capacitance or the magnitude of coil's self-induction, so; XL = XC,
𝑉 220
where, Z = R, I = 𝑅 = 8 = 27.5 A.
Q4
a. In the hot wire ammeter, the iridium platinum alloy is fixed on a strip made of the same material with
similar expansion coefficient.
To avoid the effect of room temperature and zero error, as both expand similarly.
b. Capacitors are used to split small frequency currents from high frequency currents.
As the capacitive reactance is inversely proportional to the current frequency, so smaller frequency is
opposed by high capacitive reactance, don't flow, while high current frequencies are opposed by little
reactance, can pass easily.
c. Alternating current is preferred to direct current to transfer generated electric power from power
stations to zones of distribution.
As a.c voltages can be changed using transformers, while d.c voltage can't be altered using transformers.
d. In an RLC circuit of a state of resonance the passing current is maximum.
As the total reactance equals zero, as XL = XC, and impedance is only equal to the circuit resistance that is
minimum value, and so passing current would be maximum.
e. In the hot wire ammeter, the iridium platinum alloy is joined in parallel with a small resistance.
Such a small resistance acts as a shunt resistance, enables the device to measure higher currents, by
decreasing its total resistance and sensitivity, and protecting the wire from overheating effect.
B. First; you have an a.c generator of changeable speed of rotation, an ohmic resistance, an inductive coil and
a capacitor. As each is joined individually with the dynamo and doubling the speed of rotation each time,
show what happens for the current intensity in the three components.
𝑉 𝑁𝐵𝐴(2𝑓)
• As for the ohmic resistance; I = 𝑅 = 𝑅
, So; I  f, means current is doubled as well.
• As for the inductor; I = 𝑋 = (2𝑓)𝐿
, So; current is independent with frequency, and unchanges.
𝐿
• As for the inductor; I = 𝑋𝐶
= 1
2
= NBA(2f) , So; current is directly proportional to the square
((2 )
𝑓)𝐶
of frequency, so; current increases to four times.

Second; write down the mathematical relation used to calculate:
a. The inductive reactance of a coil. XL = 2fL.
b. The total reactance of a circuit containing a coil of self-induction and a capacitor. X = X L - XC
𝑋𝐿 − 𝑋𝐶
c. The phase angle between total voltage and current in an RLC circuit. Tan  = 𝑅
C. In the circuit shown; the voltage of capacitor equals that of coil = 20 volt, find out:
a. The coefficient of self-induction.
𝟏 𝟏 𝟕
L = 𝟒𝟐 𝒇𝟐𝑪 = 𝟐𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟕𝟎𝟎
= 𝟐𝟐 H.
𝟒 × ( ) × 𝟓𝟎 × × 𝟏𝟎−𝟔
𝟕 𝟐𝟐
b. The maximum e.m.f of the source.
𝑉 20
I=𝑋 = 𝟐𝟐 𝟕 = 0.2 A, V Effective = IR = 0.2 × 50 = 10 volt.
𝐿 2× × 50×
𝟕 𝟐𝟐
V Maximum = V Effective √2 = 10 × √2 = 14.14 volt.
Mr. Samir Ashour 1

c. The phase angle between total voltage and current = 0, as the circuit is in a state of resonance.
Exam (3)
Q1

a. The total impedance of an RLC circuit is of minimum value when …
i. XL = R
ii. XC = R
iii. XL = XC
iv. Z = XL
b. The phase angle between the total voltage and current in an RLC circuit equals zero, as …
i. VL = VR
ii. VC = VL
iii. Z = XC
iv. Z = XL
c. The scale of hot wire ammeter is non-uniform because …
i. The passing current intensity is inversely proportional to the total resistance of.
ii. The thermal energy produced in ammeter wire is directly proportional to the square of
passing current.
iii. The passing current is inversely proportional to the resistance of iridium platinum alloy wire.
d. The inductive reactance of a coil is given by the relation …
𝟏
i. XL= 𝟐𝐅
ii. XL= 2FC
iii. XL= 2FL
𝟏
iv. XC= 𝟐𝐅𝐂
e. The total capacitive reactance for two coils joined in series XC Total = ….
1
i. + XC2
𝑋𝐶
𝑋𝐶1 × 𝑋𝐶2
ii.
𝑋𝐶1 + 𝑋𝐶2
iii. XC1 + XC2

1 1 1
iv. 𝑋𝐶 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙
=𝑋 + 𝑋𝐶2
𝐶1
B. First; Mention two factors affecting each of the following:

a. The impedance of an RLC circuit.
Current frequency – self-induction coefficient of coil – capacitance of capacitor.
b. The phase angle between the total voltage and current in an RLC circuit.
Current frequency – self-induction coefficient of coil – capacitance of capacitor – ohmic resistance.
c. The value of current in a circuit containing a resistor and a capacitor.
Current frequency – capacitance of capacitor – ohmic resistance.
a. The alternating current [variable in both of magnitude and direction] and the direct current [fixed in
both of magnitude and direction].
b. The hot wire ammeter [thermal effect of electric current] and the moving coil ammeter [magnetic
effect of electric current].
c. The coil [energy is stored as a magnetic field] and capacitor [energy is stored as an electric field].
Mr. Samir Ashour 1

C. The two points A and B in the given figure are in contact with an a.c source of 200 volt and frequency 50
Hz, find out:
a. Current intensity in the circuit;
𝑉 200 200
I=𝑍 = 2 2
= = 5 A.
√𝑅 +(𝑋𝐿 − 𝑋𝐶 ) √(10+30)2 +(40 − 40)2
b. Voltage at AC; V = IZ = 5× √𝑅 2 + 𝑋𝐿 2 = 5 ×√302 + 402 = 250 volt.
c. Voltage at BC; V = IZ = 5× √𝑅2 + 𝑋𝐶 2 = 5 ×√102 + 402 = 206.15 volt.

d. The lost power in the circuit; P = I2R = 52×(10+30) = 1000 Watt.
Q2

a. On cutting part of a solenoid joined with an a.c source, its inductive reactance decreases.
As the coefficient of self-induction is directly proportional to the square of turns number, and is
µ𝑁2 𝐴
inversely proportional to the solenoid length, as L = 𝑙 , so its inductive reactance decreases.
b. There is no energy loss in the capacitor due to its capacitive reactance.
As the voltage between its plates opposes the passage of charges, providing an electric field without
losing energy.
c. The hot wire ammeter is joined inside the electric circuit in series.
So that all the measured current flows through the device.
d. There is no inductive coil without an ohmic resistance value.
As the passing current through the coil must be opposed by an ohmic resistance due to the collision
between free moving electrons and the particles of wire.
e. D.c doesn't flow through a capacitor circuit, though a.c can flow through a capacitor circuit.
As the insulator between the plates of capacitor prevents the flow of d.c, while a.c has a variable voltage
in both magnitude and direction, so a regular charging and discharging for the capacitor is carried out
and so it flows through the circuit of capacitor.
B. First; write down the mathematical relation expressing each of the following:
𝑄
a. Capacitance of capacitor. C=𝑉
𝑋 .𝑋
b. Inductive reactance for two coils joined in parallel. XL Total = 𝑋 𝐿1+𝑋𝐿2
𝐿1 𝐿2
𝑉 200
c. The current intensity an RL circuit. I=𝑍 =
√𝑅2 +𝑋𝐿 2
Second; what is meant by:

a. The impedance in an RC circuit is 200 Ω.
The equivalent of resistance and capacitive reactance = 200 Ω.
b. An a.c circuit contains a coil and capacitor in a state of resonance.
Means the total reactance = zero, as XL = XC, impedance Z = R.
c. The periodic time of a.c is 0.02 second.
The time taken for the a.c to perform one complete cycle is 0.02 second.
C. An a.c circuit contains a source of 200 volt, a coil of resistance of 36 Ω, its inductive reactance is 90 Ω, a
capacitor of reactance 30 Ω, and an ohmic resistance 44 Ω all in series, calculate the voltage at each
element.
𝑉 200
Z = √(𝑅1 + 𝑅2 )2 + (𝑋𝐿 − 𝑋𝐶 )2 = √(44 + 36)2 + (90 − 30)2 = 100 Ω, I= = = 2 A.
𝑍 100
VR = IR = 2 × 44 = 88 volt, VC = I.XC = 2 × 30 = 60 volt, VL = I.Z = I √𝑅 2 + 𝑋𝐿 2=2 × √362 + 902 = 193.86 volt.
Mr. Samir Ashour 1

Q3
A. What happens in the following cases?

a. Joining a capacitor with a d.c source.
Capacitor is first charged, forming an electric field opposes that of the source as its voltage is equal to
the e.m.f of the source, so the flow of charges stops through the capacitor.
b. Passage of a.c through the coil of moving coil galvanometer.
At low frequency, the pointer vibrates due to the variable magnetic torque formed, while in case of high
frequency the pointer stops at zero due to its inertia that prevents its motion during such fast change.
c. Fixing the iridium platinum alloy in the moving coil galvanometer with a metallic strip of different
metal and different linear expansion coefficient.
It is affected by the air temperature, so the wire of iridium platinum alloy expands, and the pointer gives
a reading without joining with a source, means the device has a zero error.
d. Passage of a.c through an RL circuit.
𝑋
Voltage leads current by an angle, tan  = 𝐿 .
𝑅
e. Placing an iron core through a coil of induction being joined in an a.c circuit with an ohmic resistance.
The high magnetic permeability of iron increases the self-induction, increasing the inductive reactance,
so passing current decreases.
B. First; a coil of induction its voltage is 43.8 volt as its passing current changes at a rate of 125 A/s, calculate
the inductive reactance of the coil as the current frequency is 60 HZ.
∆𝐼
e.m.f = -L.∆𝑡 , 43.8 = L × 125 , L = 0.35 H.
22
XL = 2fL = 2 × × 60 × 0.35 = 132 Ω.
7
Second; prove that the impedance of an RC circuit is given by the relation: Z = √𝑹𝟐 + 𝑿𝟐𝑪 .
As; VR is of similar phase with current in ohmic resistance, while in

capacitor voltage lags current by 90o,
So, total voltage, VT = √𝑉𝑅2 + 𝑉𝐶2 , dividing by the total current (I).
So; Z = √𝑅 2 + 𝑋𝐶2
C. A lamp labelled (120 v-60 W) is joined with an a.c source of (240 v-50 Hz), a capacitor, calculate the
capacitance C which permits the flow of maximum current allowed through the filament of lamp.
𝑃 60 𝑉 120 𝑉 240
I Lamp = 𝑉 = 120
= 0.5 A, R Lamp = 𝐼 = 0.5
= 240 Ω, Z = 𝐼 = 0.5
= 480 Ω,
On joining a capacitor with the lamp; Z = √𝑅 2 + 𝑋𝐶2 , 480 = √2402 + 𝑋𝐶2 , XC = 415.7 Ω.
1 1
C = 2𝑓𝑋 = 2 ×3.14 ×50 ×415.7
= 7.66 µF.
𝐶
Q4
A. Mention one reason for each of the following:

a. The capacitive reactance of a capacitor approaches zero in an a.c circuit.
1 1
As the capacitive reactance XC = 2𝑓𝐶 , so; XC  𝑓, so at very high frequencies, capacitive reactance
approaches zero.
b. The phase angle between the total voltage and current in an RLC circuit equals zero.
At the state of resonance, where; XL = XC, so; total voltage is of similar phase with current.
c. Voltage leads current by 90o in an a.c circuit.
In a circuit of inductive coil, where voltage leads current by 90o due to its inductive reactance.
Mr. Samir Ashour 1
d. Using a tuning circuit to pick specific wireless signal.
At which the circuit frequency matches the frequency of desired wireless signal, that is achieved by
changing the capacitance of capacitor, or the self-induction of coil, reaching the state of resonance,
where impedance is minimum and passing current is maximum.
e. Energy loss in an oscillating circuit.
Due to the ohmic resistance of the connecting wires, that consumes electric energy decreasing voltage
and current gradually.
B. First; three capacitors of capacitance 1, 2 and 3 µF are joined in series with an a.c source of voltage 22 volt.
Determine the voltage at each capacitor.
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 -1 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟔
C Total = [𝒄 + 𝒄𝟐
+ 𝒄𝟑
] = [𝟏 + 𝟐
+ 𝟑]-1 = 𝟏𝟏 µF
𝟏
𝟔
Q = C.V = 𝟏𝟏 × 10-6 × 22 = 12 × 10-6 Coulomb. [the quantity of charge is similar for all capacitors, as in series]
𝑸 𝟏𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟔 𝑸 𝟏𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟔 𝑸 𝟏𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟔
V1 = 𝑪 𝟏 = 𝟏 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟔
= 12 volt, V2 = 𝑪 𝟐 = 𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟔
= 6 volt, V3 = 𝑪 𝟑 = 𝟑 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟔
= 4 volt
Second; mention the results for:

a. Increasing the capacitance of capacitor in an RC circuit at constant voltage and frequency upon the
passing current.
Passing current increases due to the decrease in the capacitive reactance, in case of high capacitance.
b. The coil is double wounded concerning its inductive reactance.
Self-induction vanishes as well as the inductive reactance, only the ohmic resistance remains.
c. Decreasing the length of a solenoid to half concerning its inductive reactance.
The inductive reactance is doubled as its self-induction is doubled.
C. The following table relates the inductive reactance of a coil and the frequency of passing current.
F /Hz 10 20 30 50 B 80
XL / 50 100 150 A 300 400
Plot a graph presenting frequency on X-axis and the inductive reactance on Y-axis then find:
a. The values of A = 250 Ω, B = 60 Hz.
𝑋 𝑆𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 (400 −50)

b. The self-induction of the coil = 2𝐿𝑓 = 2
= (80 −10)×2
= 0.8 H.
c. The capacitance of the capacitor which causes resonance in the circuit as the current frequency is 30 Hz.
1 1
XL = XC = 150 Ω, C = 2𝑓𝑋 = 2 × 3.14 ×30 ×150
= 3.5×10-5 F
𝐶
Mr. Samir Ashour 1

tudent Evaluation Guide (2017).
• Booklet Models of the Ministry of Education.
•
D Choose the correct answer from the given answers
I . AC potential difference leads the current by angle 90 ° when AC current passes in ......... .
a. an induction coil of zero resistance. b. ohmic resistance.
c. capacitor. d. oscillating circuit.
2. If the inductive reactance of a coil is 440 LO where (L) is the self induction coefficient
of a coil, so the frequency of the current ........ ..
a. 140 Hz. b. 400 Hz. c. 70 Hz. d. 44 Hz.
3. Which of the figures represent the vectors of voltage and current in a circuit contains
a capacitor, an ohmic resistance and an AC source?.......... (Booklet 4 - Exp. 17)
I V
(a) (b) (c) (d)
4. In the circuit shown in the opposite figure if R = 4 kQ
rl��
V I R C
, C = 3 µF, V = 15 V, Q = 12 µC, I= 2 mA, so the
potential difference (V b -Va) = · · .... · · · ·
a.3V. b. -19 V. C. - 3V. d. 27 V.
Mr. Samir Ashour 1

5. The phase angle between the total voltage and the current in an AC circuit which
consists of al! induction coil, negligible ohmic resistance, a capacitor and ohmic
resistance equals zero when • • • • • • • • • •
c.Z = Xc
6. When the phase angle between the total voltage and current in RLC circuit = Zero ,
. --
the rat10 XL =
...... · · · · (Booklet 3 - Exp. 17)
Xe
a.Zero b. I d.2
7. When the circuit RLC is in case of resonance, the impedance is · · · · · · · · · · and equals
the · · .. · · · · · · for the circuit.
a. minimum - ohmic resistance b. maximum - ohmic resistance
c. minimum - inductive reactance d. maximum - capacitive reactance
8. The total impedance of an AC circuit consists of an induction coil of ohmic resistance
and a capacitor connected in series is minimum when · · · · · · · · · ·
b.Xc = R
9. Which of these figures represent a resonance case of RLC circuit ?
Ve VL VL VL
t------1
----1 ----1
----1
Ve
(a) (b) (c) (d)
10. The figure represents a circuit in a resonance case. When
removing the iron core from the coil, the reading of the hot
wire ammeter · · · · · · · · · ·
a. decreases. b. increases.
c. remains constant. d. becomes zero.
H Give reasons for:

I. It is prefered to use AC current instead of DC current to transfer it from its generation
places to its consumptfon places.
2. When cutting a part from the turns of a solenoid and connecting the others by the same
AC source, so its inductive reactance decreases.
3; DC current doesn't pass through the circuit of a capacitor while AC current passes
through it. nd
(Booklet 2 - 2 session 17)
Mr. Samir Ashour 1

II
= What are the factors affecting each of the following
1. The phase angle between the total potential difference and the current in a circuit
containing an induction coil of ohmic resistance.
2. The value of the current in AC circuit contains capacitor and ohmic resistance are
connected in series. (Booklet 2)
3. The impedance in AC circuit contains a capacitor and an inductor that are connected in
series.
IJ What happens in each of the following cases:
1. When installing a platinum and iridium wire on a metallic plate of different thermal
expansion coefficients from the wire's material in the hot wire ammeter.
2. When a rod of soft iron is placed inside an induction coil connected in series with an
ohmic resistance in AC circuit.
El What are the results of each of the following
1. Decreasing the distances between the turns of a solenoid to half concerning
the inductive reactance of the coil.
2. Double winding the wire of a coil concerning the inductive reactance of the coil.
3. When replacing DC current source by AC current source of the same emf in a circuit
containing an induction coil and ohmic resistance concerning the current intensity in
the circuit.
4. Increasing the capacitance of a capacitor in RC circuit with constant potential
difference and frequency concerning the value of current.
5. Connecting a battery with a coil and a capacitor in series concerning the passing of
the electric current. (Booklet 2)
6. Existence of an ohmic resistance in an oscillating circuit.
D Mention one application (or use) for each of the following:
1. The electric capacitor. 2. The oscillating circuit.
(Booklet 4 - l1 session 17)
D Compare between each of the following:
1. Hot wire ammeter and moving coil ammeter (in terms of the reason of moving
the pointer on the scale). (Booklet J)
2. The galvanometer and hot wire ammeter (in terms of the theory of working -
the function of the spring coil). (Booklet])
3. The reading of the hot wire ammeter connected to an induction coil and an electric
source in a closed circuit when AC current or DC current of the same emf passes
through it. (Booklet 3)
4. The capacitor and the coil (in terms of the type of the stored energy in each of them
when they are connected to an electric source).
Mr. Samir Ashour 1
5. The capacitive reactance and the inductive reactance (in terms of the effect of
increasing the frequency in each of them).
6. The oscillating circuit and the resonance circuit in radio devices (in terms of
the function). (Booklet4 - Exp. 17)
H Miscellaneous questions :
1. Explain how each of the following points is achieved :
(a) The wire of the hot wire ammeter isn't affected by the effect of the temperature.
(b) Calibration (making a scale) for the hot wire ammeter.
(c) The pointer of hot wire ammeter is settled when an electric current of a certain
value passes through it.
2. Write down the scientific term: The angle included between the phase vectors of total
potential difference (V) and AC current intensity (I).
3. When does the value of the capacitive reactance of a capacitor of constant capacitance
that is connected to AC source approach zero ? (Booklet I)
4. In the opposite shown figure, a magnetic rod moves
inside a metallic ring contains a capacitor, determine �IS NI
the polarity of the capacitor plates a and b. (Exp. 17)
\y�
5. Prove that the total impedance of a circuit containing an induction coil of zero ohmic
resistance and an ohmic resistance connected in series is determined from the relation:
Z= ✓ X� +R 2
6. Prove that the total impedance of a circuit containing a capacitor and ohmic resistance
of non-induction connected in series is determined from the relation: Z= ✓R 2
+X�
7. Prove that the value� has the same measuring unit of the resistance where (L) is
the self induction coefficient of a coil and (R) is the ohmic resistance.
8. Show that the value� has the same measuring unit of time. Where (L) is the self
induction coefficient of a coil and (R) is the ohmic resistance.
9. Show that the value (RC) has the same measuring unit of time, where (C) is
the capacitance of a capacitor and (R) is the ohmic resistance.
C
10. The shown circuit in the figure is an (RLC) circuit in resonance
which is connected to an AC source of constant effective value,
show what will happen if the frequency of the source increases for: L
(a) the ohmic resistance (R). (Booklet 4 - Exp.17)

(b) the reading of hot wire ammeter (A).
11. Show by drawing the method of connecting an oscillating circuit by using DC source.
12. Why the current of an oscillating circuit vanishes after removing an electric source
from it?
13. Mention the condition of energy loss in the oscillating circuit.
14. What is the type of the current passing through an oscillating circuit after removing
the electric source from it ?
15. Prove that the frequency of the current in a resonance case is determined from
the relation: f = �
21t LC
J 6. How to increase the frequency of the circuit to the double by changing the induction
coil only ? ( Booklet 2 - Exp. 17)
17. Write down the used mathematical relation to calculate each of the following:
(a) The inductive reactance of an induction coil of zero resistance.
(b) The total inductive reactance of two induction coils are connected in parallel.
(c) The total current intensity for a circuit contains a coil of ohmic resistance and is
connected to AC source.
(d) The impedance of AC source contains an induction coil of zero resistance and
a capacitor.
(e) The frequency of the current in a resonant circuit.
D Problems:
1. An induction coil of zero resistance is connected in series to AC source of emf 260 V and
hot wire ammeter. If the reading of ammeter is 2 A, and if knowing that the ratio between
the potential difference between the ends of the ammeter and the potential difference
i5
between the ends of the coil is 2 , calculate the resistance of the hot wire ammeter. (50 fl)
(Exp. 17)
2. The opposite circuit consists of an induction coil

of zero resistance and an AC source, find: (Booklet 3)
(a) The total impedance of the circuit.
Lz=IOmH 40mH
(b) The total current intensity.
(c) The current intensity in each coil.
(Knowing that: 1t = 3.14) (6.28 .Q, 100 A, 100 A, 80 A, 20 A)
3. In the circuit shown in the figure, there are five

induction coils if knowing that the self induction
coefficient for each of them is 50 mH, find the
total induction coefficient between the two
points A , B. (50 mH)
L4
4. Three capacitors of capacitances 1 , 2 , 3 µF respectively, are connected in series to AC
source of 22 V, find the potential difference between the two plates of each capacitor.
( 12 V , 6 V , 4 V)
Mr. Samir Ashour 1

5. AC source 5 V , 350 Hz is connected to an induction coil of self induction coefficient
680 mHand ohmic resistance 2.2 K Qin series: (Booklet I - Exp. 17)
(a) Find the impedance of the circuit for the current.
(b) Express by vectors, the potential difference between the terminals of the source and
the potential difference across the coil concerning the vector of current in
the circuit. (2660.45 .Q)
6. An electric lamp of 120 V and 60 Watt is connected to AC source of 240 V of
frequency 50 Hz and a capacitor C in series, what is the capacitance of the capacitor
which allows passing the maximum current that can be beard by the filament of the
lamp. (7.65 x 10-6 F)
7. An ohmic resistance of 300 ,Q is connected in series to a capacitor of reactance 265 ,Q
and AC source of frequency 100 Hz, if the potential difference across the capacitor
= 5 V, calculate :
(a) The capacitance of the capacitor.
(b) The current intensity in the circuit.
(c) The potential difference across the terminals of the resistance. (6 x 10-6 F , o .oI 9 A , 5 .7 V)
8. AC dynamo gives potential difference between its terminals 30 V and frequency 400 Hz
is connected in series to an induction coil of self induction coefficient 0.06 Hand
capacitor of 5 µF if the ohmic resistance in the circuit is 90 .Q, calculate :
(a) The impedance of the circuit. (Booklet 2)
(b) The consumed power in the circuit. ( 114.83 .Q, 6.084 W)
9. In the opposite figure, two points A , B are connected to =
XL 40Q R1=3 0Q A
AC source of emf 200 V and frequency 50 Hz, find :
�t
(a) The current intensity passing through the circuit.
(b) The potential difference between A, C.
(c) The potential difference between C, B.
D
�T R2= 1 0Q B
(d) The lost power in the circuit. (5 A, 250 V, 206.16 V, 1000 w)

10. A circuit consists of an ohmic resistance 8 .Q connected in series to an induction coil of
zero resistance, its self induction coefficient 0.1 Hand a capacitor of capacitance 12 µF
and AC an dynamo of effective emf equals 220 V and the number of times which
the current reaches zero in one second= 101 times starting from the normal position.
(a) Calculate the inductive reactance of the coil.
(b) Calculate the cun·ent intensity passing through the coil.
( c) Calculate the phase angle between the total voltage and the current.
(d) What is the modification on the capacitor that is required to reach the maximum
-4
effective value of the current? (31 .43 .Q, 0.91 A, - 88.04 ° , I .OJ x 10 F)
Mr. Samir Ashour 1

Answers of Selected Questions on Chapter  coil increases and its inductive reactance increases,
 so the value of the total impedance of the circuit
l. a 2. C 3. a 4. C 5. b increases, the value of current decreases and the
6. b 7. a 8.c 9.b 10.a phase angle between the current and the total
voltage increases.

 Because in the DC current we can't step up or 
step down the value of its intensity or its voltage and
. The inductive reactance increases to double.
it loses large amount of its power during its
transferring while AC current can raise up or  The value of inductive reactance vanishes.
decrease its intensity at the production places by Current intensity decreases.
using a step up transformer and so the value of the Current intensity increases.
lost power decreases during its transferring. The current passes for a short period of time then
 Because cutting a part of its turns decreases the stops at fully charging of the capacitor.
number of turns and also the length by the same rate The resistance consumes the stored energy in the
but the self induction coefficient (L) is directly circuit as time passes in form of heat and the passing
proportional to square the number of turns (N2) and current vanishes gradually.
inversely proportional to the length of the coil({)
and so cutting a part from the coil decreases the self 
induction coefficient and the inductive reactance of  Storing the electric energy in the form of
AC current. electric field.
 Because the capacitor doesn't allow passing DC  Wireless receiving devices.
current inside it due to the presence of insulated
material but only instantaneous current passes at the
moment of connection and this current stops at fully
  Hot wire ammeter: The platinum iridium
wire expands due to passing an electric current.
charging of the capacitor but at connecting the  Moving coil galvanometer : the acting
capacitor with AC current, so the capacitor is in case torque on a coil when an electric current
of charging and discharging and the current passes passes through it
through the circuit which contains the capacitor.
 P.O.C The
galvanometer
The hot wire
 The theory
ammeter
Thermal effect
Torque of the electric
of working:
 Self induction coefficient of a coil. current.
- Frequency of current. * Controlling the Pulling the

The function movement of a silk thread
- Ohmic resistance of the circuit. coil. which pulls the
of spiral
* Act as platinum iridium
 Capacitance of the capacitor. _ coil:
the coil.
terminals for when an electric
current passes
- Frequency of current. * Moving the through it and
_ Ohmic resistance.
also. it moves
scale after the pulley and
pointer to zero
the pointer.
_ Potential difference of the source. cutting the
current.
3. • At passing AC Current : Less current intensity.

 Capacitance of a capacitor.
Self induction coefficient of the coil.
Frequency of the current. * At passing DC current : Large current intensity.
4. * The capacitor : The stored energy is in form of
 electric field.
 The reading of hot wire ammeter is affected by the
* The coil : The stored energy is in form of
magnetic field.
temperature of the atmosphere (zero error).
 The value of the self induction coefficient of the
Mr. Samir Ashour 2

5 - Capacitive reactant: Decreases by increasing the 12. Because the ohmic resistance of the connecting
frequency. wires and the coil consumc the energy of
the circuit as time passes in the form of heat.
Inductive rcactancc : Increases by increasing the
frequency. 13. The cxistancc of a resistance of connecting wires
6 - Oscillating circuit : The circuits of wireless and the coil.
transmitter. 14. AC current (variable intensity and direction), the
* Resonant circuit : The circuits of wireless maximum value of current intensity decreases as
receivers. time passes.
 I. (a) Pulling the platinum iridium wire on a

plate made of a material of the same thermal
expansion coefficient of the wire.
(b) By comparing the reading of hot wire ammeter to
a moving coil ammeter when they are connected
in series in DC current circuit.
(c) In case of thermal equilibrium of the platinum
iridium wire and the atmospheric temperature.
2. Phase angle.
3. In very high frequencies.
4. * The plate (a) charges with positive charge.
• The plate (b) charges with negative charge.
Mr. Samir Ashour 3

Mr. Samir Ashour 4
 What happens to the reading of the hot wire ammeter in the
circuit shown in figure when the coil is replaced
by a resistance wire of 200 Q? Explain the reason.
 Mention the scientific idea of operation of :

® The hot wire ammeter in measuring the alternating current.
@ The resonant circuit in receiving a particular wireless wave.

The AC circuit shown in the diagram is in a state of
resonance. Would the. circuit be kept at resonance when
the switch (K) is turned on ? And why ?
 Identical capacitors, each of capacitance 20 µf, are connected together in parallel

then to an AC supply of frequency 50 Hz. Find their total capacitive reactance.
(given that : n = 2/)
series AC circuit consists of an inductive coil of ohmic resistance 1000 Q and

 Ainductive reactance 2000 Q which is connected to a capacitor of capacitive reactance
1000 Q and an AC supply of frequency SOO Hz. Calculate the impedance of the circuit.
7t
Mr. Samir Ashour 5

Choose the correct answer :Two capacitors have capacitance (C and C where (C = 2 C They are
 connected 1 2
)
1 2
).
together in series to an AC supply. In this case, the charge on the plates of the capacitor C 1
is------ that on the plates of the capacitor C2
®double @equal to @a half of @) a quarter of
r:::�� 1
C R=25Q
 InFirstthe: electric circuit shown in figure, the value of current is 2 A.
:n:s the circuit in a state of resonance ? Second : Calculate
the capacitance of the capacitor (C). (given that : 7C = 2 f)
V=50V
f=50Hz
 ' Write
@
down the mathematical relation used to calculate :
The capacitive reactance of a capacitor.
@ The impedance of an AC circuit consisting of a resistance and an inductive coil.
Mr. Samir Ashour 6

23Choose the correct answer :An inductive coil of negligible resistance
is connected to an unknown element (y) and an AC supply as shown.
The total potential difference = The potential difference between the coil
answer
terminals + The potential difference between the terminals of (y). This
element is------
0 an ohmic resistance @ an inductive coil of negligible resistance

(D a capacitor @ an inductive coil of ohmic resistance
 Give reason for :

® No current almost passes in the AC circuit that contains an inductive coil at very high
frequencies, keeping the supplied voltage constant.
® The value of the alternating current in the oscillating circuit ceases with time.
solenoid is connected to an AC supply. What is the effect of the following modifications on its
 Ainductive reactance ?
First : Inserting a soft iron rod inside it.
Second : Stretching its turns slightly away from each other.
Write down the mathematical formula that is used to calculate:

@ The resonance frequency in RLC circuit.
@ The quantity of charge accumulating on a capacitor when connected to DC supply.
 Choose the correct answer :In AC circuit, an inductive coil of inductive reactance 40 Q and
ohmic resistance 30 Q are connected to an AC supply of effective voltage 60 V. The
dissipated power in the circuit equals------
043.2 W @51.4 W @72W @)120W
 Asource.
resistor, an inductor and a capacitor are connected in series across an AC voltage
A voltmeter measures 12 V, 15.5 V and 10.5 V respectively, when placed across: each
element separately. What is the magnitude of the voltage of the· source ?
 ® The circuit shown in the diagram below is in a state of

resonance. What would happen to the reading of the hot
wire ammeter when the soft iron rod is removed from the
inductive coil ? Explain your answer.
@ What would happen to the reading of the hot wire ammeter

when the switch (K)isclosed ? Explain your answer
Mr. Samir Ashour 7

 Z=1R +200 R
2 2
1  @equal to
2
=R+200
Z= V =iQ_=25 Q
First:
I 2
@The thermal effect of the electric current.
 @ Changing the circuit frequency to pass the 
X =21tfL= 2 x 22 x 50 x I = 2200 Q
current that match the frequency which we want
L 7 7
_ _
to receive when the inductive reactance of
= R2__+ (X L - Xe)2
a coil is equal to the capacitive reactance
of the capacitor and they cancel each other. z ✓
22 - x 2
(25) =(25) + (- 00 7 e
)
2 2
2200 - x 2 =, o
Yes, because when the switch K is turned on the
( 7 e
)
:. X = 2200 fl:
value of the resistance will decrease to half its
value but the capacitive reluctance and the inductive e 7
·: Xe=XL , then the circuit is in a state of resonance.
reluctance will remain the same and they cancel each other,
thus the condition of resonance is kept.
Xe=-l
Second:
 21tfC
7x7
7
C= =101
. F
Xe (2;fc) = ( 2 x 22 x 50 x20 x 10-6 x 3 )
2 22 X 50 >: 2200 µ
=
=53QI
  X
Z= ✓R + (XL - Xc) = ✓1000 + (2000 - 1000)

2 2 2 2

= 1414.21 Q
Hot wire. Sensitive
P.O.C
ammeter
 galvanometer
The torque
The reason Expansion of the
Capacitive that makes platinum-iridium produced due to a
Inductive
reactance of the pointer wire to a certain certain current in
reactance the coil is
P.O.C of a coil a capacitor settle at length at thermal
a definite· equilibrium due balanced with the
reading on to the flow of a torsion of the two
Effect of Decreases to spiral springs.
its scale: certain current.
increasing the Increases to
current the double the h�f
frequency to
double:  @ an inductive coil of negligible resistance.
A circuit consisting
 @ Because the :reactance of the coil is directly
proportional to the frequency of the current
A circuit
of an AC supply consisting (XL= 2 tfL). So at very high frequency the
P.O.C and an inductive of an AC reactance increases till it becomes as an open
supply and
coil of negligible circuit and prevent the flow of the current.
ohmic resistance a capacitor @ Because part of the energy is dissipated as heat
energy in the ohmic resistance of the coil and
The phase The current the wires.
difference The voltage leads
leads the
between the the current by
phase angle 90°. voltage by
voltage and phase angle
current:
90° .
Mr. Samir Ashour 10

First : The coil reactance increases.

 Second : The coil reactance decreases.
@f= 1
 21t{LC
@Q=VC
 43.2W
 Y=.Jv�+(V L -V ) =.J 122+(15.5- I0.5)

e
= 13 V
@ The reading of the hot wire ammeter decreases

 when the soft iron rod is removed because the
inductive reactance and the capacitive reactance
will no longer be equal and will not cancel each
other but the! inductive reactance decreases due
to the decrease of the inductance where
(X L= 2n:fL) and the impedance will increase.
@ The reading of the hot wire ammeter increases

because the capacitive reactance decreases due to
the increase of the capacitance where
(XC =-')
2n:fC .
Mr. Samir Ashour 11

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MR.

C. A voltmeter of resistance 500 Ω is joined in parallel with an unknown resistance, then an

Page 1 of 59 Mr. Samir Ashour 1

C. In the given electric circuit, find out:

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C. in the given circuit; use Kirchhoff's laws to determine:

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Resistance (R) - r [(-ve) internal resistance] 𝑒

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Ammeter's Voltmeter's Voltmeter's

3. The resistance of the voltmeter in the figure is 100 kn (neglecting

4. In the opposite figure:

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8. In the shown circuit: What will happen to illumination of the two

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4. In the opposite figure:

the equivalent resistance and also the reading

7. In the electric circuit shown in the figure and by 13

using the two Kirchhoff's laws, find each of:

9. In the opposite circuit, calculate :

 Choose the correct answer :

internal resistance of the cell is ....................

 In the circuit shown, the reading of the ammeter (A) is......

 In the circuit shown in the figure below, the value of

 In the circuit shown in the figure, calculate the value of

 @ Prove without drawing that the equivalent resistance R of three resistors R 1 , R2 , R3

@ The graph represents the relation between voltage V(volt)

are of the same material and with the same length,

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Booklet Model  of the Ministry of Education 

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Booklet Model  of the Ministry of Education 

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@ It is the total work done to transfer a quantity of

electricity of l coulomb through the whole circuit. 

From loop (2)

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 When the value of the current becomes

 ' When we increase the value of R 1 V I increases

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A. Write down the scientific term.

b. Determine the direction of current in the wire. [is from up to down]

A. write down the mathematical relation presenting each of the following:

b. The work of sensitive galvanometer.

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Second; mention the function of each of the following:

b. The iron cylinder in the sensitive galvanometer.

c. The two spiral springs in galvanometer.

L wire = N.2r = 50 × 2 × 3.14 × 0.1 = 31.4 m.

 = BIAN = 0.5 × 2 × 3.14 × (0.1 + 0.001)2 × = 1.57 N.m.

A. Choose the correct answer

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As they are carrying currents of similar direction.

As the wire is placed parallel to the magnetic field lines.

Slope = maximum current of Slope = magnetic flux density. µ𝐼

C. A sensitive galvanometer of coil resistance 4 Ω, pears current up to 16 mA, it is changed to be an

A. Give reasons for;