Conductometry

= CONDUCTIMETRY AS AN ANALYTICAL TOOL Page No., Direct measurement of conductivity is potentially a very sensitive procedure for measuring ionic concentrations, but it must be used with caution since any charged species present in a solution will contribute to the total conductance. Conductimetric measurements can also be used to ascertain the end-point in many titrations, but such use is limited to comparatively simple systems in which there are no excessive amounts of reagents present. Thus, many oxidation titrations which require the presence of relatively large amounts of acid are not suited to conductimetric titration. Conductimetric titrations have been largely superseded by potentiometric procedures, but there are occasions when the conductimetric method can be advantageous .
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APPLICATIONS OF DIRECT CONDUCTIMETRIC MEASUREMENTS Purity of water. The purity of distilled or de-ionised water is commonly checked by conductimetric measurements. The conductivity of pure water is about 5 x R-l
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cm-', and the smallest trace of ionic impurity leads to a large increase in conductivity. Conductimetric monitoring is employed in laboratories to check the operation of ion exchange units producing de-ionised water, and finds similar industrial application where processes requiring the use of very pure water (e.g. manufacture of semiconductors) are carried on. There are important industrial applications, such as the control of boiler feed water and of boiler blow-down in References ( xxxx) = large steam-generating plants; to check the THE BASlS OF CONDUCTIMETRIC TlTRATlONS The addition of an electrolyte to a solution of another electrolyte under conditionsproducing no appreciable change in volume will affect the conductance of the solution according to whether or not ionic reactions occur. If no ionic reaction takes place, such as in the addition of one simple Salt to another (e.g. potassium chloride to sodium nitrate), the conductance will simply rise. If ionic reaction occurs, the conductance may either increase or decrease; thus in the (xxxx) addition of a base to a strong acid, the conductance decreases owing to the.