CE 701

(Environmental Engineering II)

Sanitation
(1.5-02 Sets)
 Define sanitation (*)
 What are the objectives of sanitation?
 Sanitation & Health: Interrelationship between water, sanitation and health education (ITN)
 What is the difference between 100% sanitation and total sanitation?
 Briefly discuss the various problems of sanitation faced in Bangladesh. (*)
 Classify excreta-related diseases environmentally.
 Explain the roles of sanitation in controlling the transmission of excreta-related diseases. (*)
 What are the factors that Influence the quantity of wastewater in sanitary sewer systems? Discuss
briefly.
 Classification of wastes. Define sewage, sullage, and stormwater.
 Sanitation in the developing world, Bangladesh.
 Defecation practices of the have-nots. (*)
 Important factors for sanitation in Bd.
 Classification of sanitation system.
 Communal sanitation system; advantages & disadvantages. (*)
 Pit, Pour flush latrines (*), etc.; design consideration, advantages & Disadvantages
 What are the basic elements of VIP latrine technology? (*)
 Septic Tank Design, soak way design.
 Worked Examples: 1,2,4,5,6 (Book-ITN), Exercise-13 (*)
 Design a septic tank for a family of 10 persons with a desludging interval of 5 years. The average
wastewater flow is 17 litres per capita per day. Also, design the soak pit for the disposal of the septic
tank effluent. The soil is clay. Assume any value if required. (*)

Wastewater Collection & Transportation

(0.5-1 Sets)
 Conventional sewerage system; reticulation, types of collection systems, types of sewers, design of
sanitary sewer system; design flow estimation:
 What are the various components of design flow in a sewer system? Explain how the design flow
through a sewer system can be estimated. (*)
 Self-cleansing velocity, non-scouring velocity, hydraulic design of sewers, experiences in
Bangladesh.
 Small Bore Sewerage System; elements, reticulation, sewer dia, Sewer gradients, treatment,
advantages, economic considerations, design, Applicability in Bangladesh.

Stormwater and Sullage Drainage

(0.5-1 Sets)
 Define Rainfall and Runoff; duration, frequency, time of concentration, factors affecting, Run-off
estimation,
 Sullage disposal, options for sullage and stormwater drainage.
 Factors that affect the quantity of stormwater as well as sullage? (*)
 Problems associated with sullage and storm water drainage in towns of Bangladesh. How those can
be remedied?
 Worked Example: 1 &2 (Book-ITN) (*)

Wastewater/Sewage
(1.5-2 Sets)

 Define Sewage, Sewer, Sewerage, etc.

 Elements of sewerage system
 Composition of wastewater
 Constituents of wastewater; Physical (Suspended solid, Turbidity, Color, Taste & Odor,
Temperature, etc.), Chemical (Total Dissolved Solids, Alkalinity, Hardness, Flouride, Metals, BOD,
COD, BOD5, NBOD, CBOD, etc.), Biological (Animals, Plants, micro-organisms,etc.)
 What is the necessity of wastewater treatment?
 Organic Matter; BOD, COD, TOC, ThOD, DO
 Why dilution and seeding is necessary?
 Explain the importance of the following operations in the BOD test: (*)
(i) Dilution with aerated water
(ii) Seeding and nutrient addition to dilution water.
 What are the objectives of the BOD and COD tests? How can you measure DO in the BOD test? (*)
 Why is maintaining a significant dissolved oxygen concentration in rivers and lakes desirable? (*)
 What are the factors that affect the dissolved oxygen level in a river or lake? (*)
 What are the significances of the BOD test?
 List the stable and unstable end products for aerobic and anaerobic decomposition of wastes into a
water body.
 What are CBOD and NBOD? Ultimate BOD calculation
 Why COD>BOD? Define TOC.
 Nitrification, problems of wastewater with carbon & nitrogen, the effect of nitrogen
 Ammonia Toxicity, calculate the concentration of un-ionized ammonia.
 How to increase the DO level? Short note on Algae respiration, Algae photosynthesis, and SOD.
 Micro-organisms in wastewater; Bacteria, Algae, Protozoa (details)
 Role of bacteria in sewage treatment (*), suitable environment condition for bacterial growth with
diagram (*), bacterial growth and food utilization in batch culture, metabolism, anabolism,
catabolism,
 Decomposition of waste; Aerobic, Anoxic, Anaerobic decomposition
 Example: Problems on BOD, COD from ITN, Peavy, Lecture, Ex-2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9 (*) (Book-Peavy)
 Worked Example: 12.10 (ITN) (*)

Treatment of Sewage
(02 Sets; Ponds-01 Set, TF-01 Set)
 Preparatory Treatment of Sewage; Screening, Skimming tank, Grit chamber, Cutting Screen, etc.
 Primary Treatment of Sewage: Sedimentation Tank, Septic Tank, Inhoff Tank (their details)
 Secondary Treatment; Biological Treatment, Chemical Treatment.
 Biological Treatment; Waste Stabilization Pond, Trickling Filter, Activated Sludge,……etc.
 Waste Stabilization Pond: Anaerobic, Facultative, Maturation Ponds (Details)
 Define various types of waste stabilization ponds. Describe the primary functions of each type giving
suitable diagrams. (*)
 Why optimum retention time for the anaerobic pond is 5 days? Desludging frequency.
 How odour release is controlled in anaerobic ponds? Volumetric loading, Surface loading.
 State the necessity of providing anaerobic ponds. How the odour released from the anaerobic ponds
can be controlled? (*)
 Explain the “bacteria-algae symbiosis” in a facultative pond. Why the optimum reaction time in the
anaerobic pond is 5 days? (*)
 Show that a series of small ponds is more efficient than a single large pond of the same size. (*)

 Definition, Advantages, and Disadvantages of Pond Systems

 Design of Anaerobic, Facultative and Maturation pond (From sheet+Lecture)
 Trickling Filter; Definition, working principle with neat sketch, Classifications, Low rate TF, High
rate TF, Single stage, Two stage TF.
 Recirculation, Recirculation ratio, Recirculation factor
 Advantages and disadvantages of TF, Recirculation, Design Consideration of TF, Types of
Equations, NRC Equations.
 What is a trickling filter? Explain its working principle with figure. (*)
 What are the basic differences between low-rate and high-rate trickling filters? (*)
 What are the advantages of recirculation in the trickling filtration process of wastewater treatment?
(*)
 Example on Trickling Filter Design (From sheet+Lecture) (*)
 Design a facultative and maturation pond water treatment system to treat 10,000 m 3/day of domestic
sewage which has a BOD5 of 630mg/l. The design temperature is 200C and the required effluent standards
are BOD5< 25mg/l and FC<5000/100ml. (**)

 Design a two-stage trickling filter plant for a flow of 8400 KLD (kilo litres per day) of BOD is 420
mg/l the BOD loading is 780g/m3/d. Determine the size of the sedimentation tank, filters, and effluent
concentration. The flow diagram is shown in Fig.1 (*)

Fig 1: Treatment Plant with Trickling Filter

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