Nama : Arrina Saidatur Rohmah

Prodi : TBJP 1B

20 component of Rail
1. Sleepers
Definition : The support which keeps the rails apart at required distance, supports
the rail and distribute the load to the ballast
Function :
• To hold the rails to proper gauge in all situations. That is, exact gauge along
straights and flat curves, slightly loose on sharp curves and slightly tight in
diamond crossings.
• To support the rails firmly and evenly throughout
• To distribute the load transmitted through rails over large area of ballast
underneath or to the bridge girders.
• To hold the rails to proper level in turnouts and crossovers, and at 1 in 20 in ward
slope along straight tracks
• To provide an elastic medium between the rails and ballast and also to absorb the
vibrations caused due to moving axle loads
• To maintain proper alignment of the track. On curves proper cant is provided by
raising the outer rail and tamping the required quantity of ballast below the rails
• To provide the general stability of the permanent way throughout
• To provide the insulation of track for the electrified for signaling
• To provide easy replacement of the rail fastenings without any serious traffic
disturbances

2. Ballast
Definition : the broken stone placed or packed below the sleepers to transmit load
from sleeper to the formation and at the same time allowing drainage of the track.
Function :
• To provide firm and level bed for the sleepers to rest on
• To allow for maintaining correct track level without disturbing the rail road bed
• To drain off the water quickly and to keep the sleepers in dry conditions
• To discourage the growth of vegetation
• To protect the surface of formation and to form an elastic bed
• To hold the sleepers in position during the passage of trains
• To transmit and distribute the loads from the sleepers to the formation
• To provide lateral stability to the track as a whole

3. Fish Plate
Definition : specially rolled section used for joining the rails end to end with the help
of fish bolts.
Function :
 • To join the rail ends to maintain the line and level of the top table and gauge
face of the rail ends and to resist the impact and prevent the deflection of the
rail joint with the help of closely spaced sleeper support.
• To transfer the load of the wheels from one rail to the other.
• To provide vertical and lateral stiffness to the rail joint.
• To allow for the expansion and contraction of rail ends due to temperature
variations.

4. Steel rail
Definition : the load bearing and guiding elements in a railway or tramway track.
Function :
• Mass transit—passenger railways, underground rail, trams.
• Freight and logistics—bulk material transport.
• Cranes, fixed track lifting equipment, for short haul and high load transport.

5. Train wheels
Definition : The Vehicle wheels specifically designed for train or tram vehicles. Train
or tram wheels have flanges that function to keep the train on track.
Function : The function of the wheel is to support the weight of the train, control
speed and braking. In addition, the wheels function as a stability for the rate of the
railroad facilities.

6. Rail sections
Definition : The rail provide a hard, smooth and unchanging surface for the passage
of heavy moving loads. Rails are made of high carbon steel to withstand wear and
tear. Flat footed rails are mostly used in railway track.
Function :
• Rails provide a continuous and level surface for the movement of the trains with
minimum friction with steel wheels of the rolling stock
• Rails provide strength, durability and lateral guidance to the track
• Rails transmit the axle load to sleepers, which transfer the same load to the
underlying ballast and formation

7. Railway switch
Definition : special component of railway track, which is applied in the railway
crossing
Function : Railway switch is simply a rail component for converting track. Railway
switch increase the trafficability of railroad track, and it is important to transport
safety and efficiency.

8. Rail Clamp
 Definition : a tong-like metal device, mounted on a locomotive crane car, which can
be connected to the track
Function : a device for clamping on rails to prevent or halt the movement of railroad
cars past a given point

9. Crane Rail
Definition : Block rail is a special new type of tram track
Function : which can be used in urban rail transit lines and light rail lines.

10. Rail Insulator

Definition : it is installed between steel rail and tie plate, for adjusting rail gauge and
electrically
Function : Its function is the same as a rail pad, but it is thicker than rail pad. For the
high speed or high load train, it is a necessary rail fastener.

11. Bogie Bolster

Definition : a construction consisting of two or more wheels connected by a frame
which is equipped with a spring, braking system, with or without propulsion and anti-
skid equipment, and the whole functions as a support for the basic frame of the train
body. BOGIE can be removed and reattached during maintenance.
Function : to provide flexibility for the train to the rail so that the wheels can still
follow the direction of the rail when passing through curves.

12. Rail Tie Plate

Definition : tie plate is used to fix rail to railroad tie and keep the rail safe.
Function : Supportingg the rails and transferring rail forces to th ballast bed, mainting
track gauge and rail inclination.

13. Rail Anchor

Definition : spring steel clips that attach to the underside of rail tie plates and bear
against the sides of rail sleepers.
Function : to prevent longitudinal movement of the steel rails, either from changes in
temperature or through vibration.

14. Railway Rubber Pad

Definition : a pad or foundation found on the railroad structure that functions as a
damper as well as a safety guard.
Function : to reduce the fatigue cracks of the concrete sleepers due to the impact
and vibration of passing trains.

15. Track Bolt

Definition : Track bolt is a kind of widely used rail fastener. Track bolt is referred to as
rail bolt
Function : used to fasten rail joints to link rails or to fix the sleepers with rails.
16. Rail Gauge Rod
Definition : rail gauge tie rod, sometimes called gauge tie bar, gauge draw bar.
Function : used to prevent rails from spreading or tilting, to stabilize the rails in
certain distance.

17. Rail Clip

Definition : It is also usually used as a part of rail fastening system
Function : it is used to fasten the rail tracks with railroad spike, rail pad, track bolt, rail
joint bar together.

18. Railroad frog

Definition : is a kind of equipment that makes the train wheels across from
one track to another. Railroad frog consists of fork, wing rail and connecting pars.
Function : The high-quality railroad frog can ensure that the train switches smoothly
to other rail lines, and the passengers on the train will not feel abnormal bumps.
Conversely, if the rail frog technology is not good enough, there will be irregularities
when the train passes. Therefore, the selection of railroad frogs is very important for
the safety of rail switches and even the entire railroad.

19. Railroad Spike

Definition : designed to maintain gauge between the running rails and also they are
mean to secure the steel rail to the railroad tie.
Function : used to secure rails and base plates to railroad ties (sleepers) in the track

20. Subgrade
Definition : the lowest layer of soil
Function : which functions as a place for laying pavement layers and supports the
construction of pavement on it.