FANFOCED AD PESTRSEDCONGET Module No. 4 FOOTINGS TYPES OFFOOTINGS, MLSS AND DESIG OF FOOTINGS Fair Use Notice The mater used bs psetatn Le, peuesoraptan Is solely station and may mele copied atl eu of wien may Mt ae ean spcitety ato by Copy Ours appieton consis alr ee tan sue capa as raed bay accept way utes. Tecnu resettons ere ny be ane thse eta concuctey te resent, > Different types offotings ae provided depending upn: * the ype of structure + eistribtion of lads + ype and bearing capacity of soil + presence and level of water table ete > The most commen types of fotings ae as follows: 1, Wall Footings Wall footings are used to support strvtural alls that carry loads far other floors o¢ 19 support non strvtual walls > footing isa pat of structure + place below the surface of ground ‘wed to support cours & walls ‘ wansmit and distribute their lads 19 ‘he underlying sil ensure that the pressure an the soil Ades aot exced the bearing pacity of soil & adequite safety against ‘overtring er sliding is maintained 2 Iolated of Single footings © Isolated or single footings ae > used fo suppor single columns. This is one of the mast economical types of fotings and {is used when columns are spaced a elatively Long distances3. Combined footings © Combined footings usally suppor wo columns, or three columns natin These types are used when to columns are 50 close that single foting cannot be ‘sod or when one column is located at o near a property line. 6, Raft or mat foundation Raft or mat foundation consist of ‘one foting usually placed under ‘the entire building area _— They are sed when: jror oe + bearing capacity of lis low + colin lads are heavy + single column fotings can notbe | = es sod + ples are not used 44. Cantilever or strap footings © Camiever or strap footings consist of (0 single footings connected with beam oF a sap and suppor tw single columns, © This type replaces combined ‘baking and is more economical. ‘To design a wall foting, the following steps are followed 1. Assume a total depth (i) of footing and caleulate an effective depth (using a thu ue: d=h- 35 inches 2. Calculate the effective soil pressure (4,) at the botom of footing by using the relation: Nowabl sil pressure — Pressure by soi fl (eo. x¥12)+ ty (HANH) 5, Continuous footings © Continows footings support a ow of three of more columns, + They have limited width and continue underall columns where, q.= Allowable soil pressure nt? 2, “Unit weight of reinforced concrete = 150 1? ‘+ =Total depth of fecing in nes rit weight of si in Iv? not given then value of 100 16? may be assumed istnce fom the base of foting to inal grade in3. Calculate the width of footing fora It ength ofthe wall by using the relation ideo foting~ Teal service unfatord oad gece psa DLs Lt et 4, Cateulate the net upward sil pressure (gg) per It by using the elation: 4, = factored load(p,) Mth of footing aDL+ MOLL fo compressive strength of eonerte be 12in, © Iealeulated d, < dt (effecive depth), means the assume depth of footing is OK for one way shear, if not asume some higher value for d 5, Cheek the asumed depth of foting for one way shear For footings with bending action in one direction, the itil section oocuts at distanced (efetive depth) from the fice ofthe wall ouimine ‘The required depth of footing due to one say shear can be claated by sing the ie de a 6, Cateulate the area of main scl (4) by using the relation: Ano apd were, p sss rio 854/000 SE GR OE] Ree Myr bi M,=05 q,(B2-o2D whore, Y= 4,(B2-e2-d) d= efetve depth of footing (assumed) p08 ‘modification factor for type of concrete 10 for normal weight conerete = 085 fo sandsight eight concrete = 075 for alight weight concrete + Check tat 4, must be ater tan mi. Are af for Alexus (4) and min Arex of el fr sik (4). Ag = 200/64) when" 400i} vei) 4300p) Ay = 0.001864 04st =omn2004 orf, = 404 304s = Incas, i 4, < Ay then itis recommended to we 4 ‘= Knowing 4, select the size & spacing of bars referring the Table 14+ Solution Data Thickness of wall = ¢ = 18 Dead toad = DL 1598 Live load = LL~ 10Kft Distance from base affotingbeow final grade Unit weight of soil =y,~ 100 Allowable sol presure= q,= 45 LE fimdki; f= 60k ‘Require: Design ofa reinforced concrete wal footing 7. Calculate the tmperature and shrinkage ste! (secondary reinforcement by sing the relation Ag “00018 (for 60s) = 0.002054 (for = 40& 50s} + Knowing 4 select the sie & spacing of bars refering the Table 14 Sip #1: Assume 0 total depth (h) of footing and find an ‘fetve depth dy ‘Let the total dept of foting (h) of 12 in. Therefore, Effstive depth of fating (2)=h-3.5 © d=12-35=85in, + Sip # 2 Calealate the effective soil pressure (q) at the bottom of footing by using the relation: 4 ~Allowable soil pressure Pressureby sol ill 4. = ae (Gex WD) fp WED} + Ex fl: Design a reinforced concrete footing to suppeet an 18 in, thick concrete wall carrying a dead load of 15 W' (including the weight of the wall) and alive lad of 10 JW. The base of the footing is S below final grade, the sil weighs 100 TbR, andthe allowable soil pressure is 4.5 ksf Use normal weight concrete with f= 4 ksi, f= Oks: ere gy= 4.5 WIP = 4800 1H 27, Unit weigh of reinforced concrete 1501 hii 2, = Unit weight of sil = 100 Hast 4500 (180% 1212) + {100(5- 12/19)) 4500 —(150-+ 400), lg. 3950 WE = 3.9541+ Step # 3 Calculate the width of footing fora It length of ‘the wal by using the relation Width of footing = Total service unfactored oat ‘fectvesoll pressure 7 = Ass 10 6330 305 says ‘Use 65 width of footing ¥,=5.23(652-1.52.-0.708) 523(625-075-0.708) 9.7 kins Therefore, 9.37 x 1000, THOSK 1x 8000 XI 9370, Taka .23<8.5 in. means assumed dep of foting is ok for foe way shear {+ Sip #4: Caeulate the net upward sol pressure (per I~ by asing the relation: qx Peoria ed I “With of footing 12DL+16LL _ 12 eee Is 38 65 65 475238 1 Step #6: Caleulate the area of main sted (A) by using the ‘elation: 4, =p were, p= 085 (7) (1 T= BRT ORT A] and, R= My! M,=089,(B2-02)°6 hoe, qu~S23KM; BSA erin = ISR; = Din d-ssins e030 AE=AD00 psi; f= 60000 pi + Step #5: Check the depth of footing due to one way shear [As we know that the requited depth of footing de one vay shears given by vy, One where, Fy = qq (B/202= a) Nowhere = 523 WE B=65n, 07s en 18ia 1S, f= 4000p a =85in ~0.7088 \ 2 1.0 (Gono weight conte) Now f,=05x5.23(6872-152)x 1 = 163437 kit = 163497 x 1000.x 12 1961244 Isin Again, = 196124.4/12 «(857 226.21 ps and, p= 088.4 60[1-VT= [2x 236217 09x 08S AO00]] = 0057 (1 -s1-0.1478] =01057 [1 0.9281] 0.057% 0.0769 = 00044Therefore, 4,= 0.008412 8.5 045 in? ‘Now minimum amount of ste! for shrinkage 4) is y= 0.00188 for f= 60 bs 0.0018 12.12 =026in? and, minimum amount of see! for flexure (4,9 Ay = (20015) x¢bd) ten 4500 ps} = 200 / 60000) (12) x83}, ‘Now refering able Use #5 bars spaced at 8 in. (A,= 0.46 in?) + Step #6: Calculate the temperature and shrinkage steel {ecandary reinforcement) by using the relation: diy =0.0018 64 r= 6045} =o0018x 12x 12 =0259in2, Now rofning able 4.14, Use #4 bars paced at 9 in. (y= 0.26 in!) ‘Ex #2: Design @ wall footing to support a 12 in. wide reinforced conerste wall with « dead load of 20 Wit ‘Gncluding the weight of the wall) and a live load of 15 [uf The bottom ofthe Fotng isto be 4 below the final ‘rade, the soil weighs 100 Ibif, the allowable soi ‘presse is 4 sf, and there is no appreciable sufi ‘content in the soil. Use normal weight concrete with f= 3s, f= 60 si. TA Arles nhc Distance from base of footing below final grade H= 4ft Allowable sol presrre = q,= 4 RIE 3st; f= 60 si Require: Design ofa reinforced conerete wal footing+ Step #1: Assume a total depth (h) of footing and find a fective depth Let the total depth of footing (h of 12 in. Therefore, Ettive dept of foting (@)=h=3.5 2 d= 12-3585: + Sip # 2: Caleulate the effective sil pressure (4) at the ‘bottom of footing by using the relation 44," Allowable sil pressurePressure by sol fill 4. ge lleex IP) (HRI + Sip 44: Catelae the net upward sol pressure (4) per I= ‘by sing the relation: gu Ltoeload ps) Wik of footing 12DL+ 16LL x20+ 16x15 > 0 ms as oo er dere, = 41/92 = 4000 IR? 1%. Unit weight of reinforced concrete 150 1b? = 12in, 2%, = Unit weight of sil = 100 tn? Han 4," 4000-{(180% 1212) + {100(4- 1272)}] = 4000 ~ (150 +300) 3 [4.= 3550 bin = 3.55 LAE * Step #5: Check the deph of footing de to one way shear ‘As we know tat the required depth of fctng det oe sway shears given by % Opie see where, K-44 (0/2072 d) Now here q.=438 al le B=108, e078 e-Rin=1Q a =85in ~ 0708. 1 = 10 (fe nema wight coer) 000 pst + Sep # 3 Calewlate the width of footing fora It length of ‘the wall by wing the relation: = 2041s = 9868 335 say 108 ‘Use 10. width of oing ¥, 4.8 (102~ V2-0.708) =48(5-05-0708) 18.202 kips Therefore, 4 18.202 1000 "Fe 078% 1x \3000 x12 18202 985.90 18.46> 8 Sin, which mean assumed depth of footing is ot ak for one way shear henee try sme oer higher ‘aloe of a"+ Step #1: Assume a total depth (h) of footing and find a fective depth Let the total depth of footing (ho 18 in. Therefore, Etetive dept of foting (@)=h=3.5 2 d= 18-35 145in, + Sip # 2: Caleulate the effective sil pressure (4) at the ‘bottom of footing by using the relation 44," Allowable sil pressurePressure by sol fill 4. ge lleex IP) (HRI + Sip 44: Catelae the net upward sol pressure (4) per I= ‘by sing the relation: gu Ltoeload ps) Wik of footing 12DL+ 16LL x20+ 16x15 > 0 ms as oo er dere, = 41/92 = 4000 IR? 1%. Unit weight of reinforced concrete 150 1b? = Rin, 2%, = Unit weight of sil = 100 It Han 4," 4000-{(1803 1812) + {100(4- 1872)}] = 4000 ~ (25 +250) 9 [4q.- 3525 bin = 3.52 LAE * Step #5: Check the deph of footing de to one way shear ‘As we know tat the required depth of fctng det oe sway shears given by % Opie see where, K-44 (0/2072 d) Now here q.=438 al le B=108, e078 e-Rin=1Q a= issn 1210 1 = 10 (fr meal wight coer) 000 pst + Sep # 3 Calewlate the width of footing fora It length of ‘the wall by wing the relation: = msIs= 9908 332 say 108 ‘Use 10. width of oing sow ¥,=48(002-V2~121) =48(8-05-121) 15.792 kips Therefore, 4 15:792x 1000, "Fe 078s 1x \3000 x12 13792 985.90 16,02> 145i, which means assumed depth of footing is otek for one way shear hence try some higher valu of aw+ Step #1: Assume a total depth (h) of footing and find a fective depth Let the total depth of footing (h of 21 in. Therefore, Effetive dept of foting (@)=h~3.5 2 d=21-35~ 175in, + Sip # 2: Caleulate the effective sil pressure (4) at the ‘bottom of footing by using the relation 44," Allowable sil pressurePressure by sol fill 4. ge lleex IP) (HRI + Sip 44: Catelae the net upward sol pressure (4) per I= ‘by sing the relation: gu Ltoeload ps) Wik of footing 12DL+ 16LL x20+ 16x15 > 0 ms as oo er dere, = 41/92 = 4000 IR? 1%. Unit weight of reinforced concrete 150 1b? f= Din, 2%, = Unit weight of sil = 100 tn? Haan 4," 4000-{(180%21/12)+ {100(4-21/2)}] = 4000 - (262 +225) 9 [4q.= 35125 bin = 3.51 * Step #5: Check the deph of footing de to one way shear ‘As we know tat the required depth of fctng det oe sway shears given by vy Opie see where, K-44 (0/2072 d) Now here q.=438 B=108, e078 eR 1n f'=3000ps a= i75m= 146m 1 = 10 (ferme wight coer) + Sep # 3 Calewlate the width of footing fora It length of ‘the wall by wing the relation: = msis- 9978 331 say 108 ‘Use 10. width of oing so V4.8 (002 V2~ 1.46) =48(5-05- 1.46) 14.392 kips ‘Therefore, 14592 x 1000 "°F e078 1 N3000 x12 14592 985.90 14.80 17 in, which means assumed depth footing is ‘fer one way shea.Shp Clete the re of main sel (A) by sing the ain A= phd where, 9 = 08806 74) {1- ATER TROT and, R= Mb M=05q.(82-e0F freq." ABKIE B= 10 Coin TRS a1 12m ad=11Sin; | 9=090 JLo~3000 ps; = 60000 ps [Now referring abe 14 Use #7 bars spaced at 10 in. (A= 0.72) 1 Step HP: Check the development length: Referring Tile 7.2, the development Tenth (1) Far #6 bars and, available development length = B/2 e223 im = (6x 12)2- 162-3 = 2S in. >24.7Sin nse ok Now M,= 05x48 102 12x 1 K6k = 48.6 1000 x 12 = 585200 thin Again, R, =5€3200/ 1217.57 158.69 psi and, p= 08833 60[ 1 VT= [2x T5R69TO9XO.REH3000}) =oonspt-Vi-0138} = 0.08251 0.9283] ~ 00425 x 00717, = 0.00308 = 6b in? ‘Now, minimum amount of sel fo shrinkage) is A= 0.00186h ‘fee, = 60s 0.018% 12821 0.48 in? nd, imum amount of sel or enue (4) is Ay =200 if (bd) Io 4500p (200760000) (12) 175} = 0.70in2> 4, hence use 0.70in?as area of main ste. + Siep 46: Caleulate the temperature and shrinkage steel (econdary reinforcement by using the relation: Ag “0.0018 54 ors, bs = o0018 x 12x21 =045 in. [Now referring Table 14 Use 5 bars spaced at $n. (Ay= 046 in’)4. Caleulate these of footing by using the relation: Side of footing = Area offing 5. Caleulate the et upward sol pressure (g,) by using the relation: 4, = factored oad p,) “Area offooting wher, y= 12D + L6LL ‘+ To design an soled square foting, the following steps arc filled: > 1. Assme a total depth (offing and clue i ‘exie dp) wags dnb es nines C2 2. Caleltethe eect sail pressure) by sing the eat oe 4. = Allowable soil pressure ~ Pressure by soil ~ x 46-4 WGXWA2* ArH WID) RBS 6, Check the depth of footing due to one way or beam shear Fee footings with bending action in one diction, the tt setionoocus a a sistance defective dpi) fom he ae of cobuen : + The required depeh of footing due to one ‘vay shear can be ealulated by using the = ten a ant F { BNE = Allowable soil pressure inh? 1. =Unit weight of reinfoeced conrete= 150 1? ‘4 = Teal depth of footing in inches 1% ~ Unit weight of sil in, ifnot given thena valve ‘of 100 Ib may be assumed stance fem the bse of Footing to inal grade in 3, Caleulat the area of footing by using the relation: Area offoting~ Total service unfctored load ‘fective soil presure where, Kong BU -02-d) Gyo tet ete sd pre with of fing 1 = eng of ting € =e of china ftv depth ing ' 75 A-ioeation crops femme ~Torer mma mth one (iz =DL*LL '=0385 fo sandsight weight conerete F \ 075 fo al ight weigh concrete+ Nov, if caleulated dy < d (effective depth), means the assumed depth of footing is OK for one way shear, i not assume some higher value ford. «4,=40 for interior olumns . Nout if calculated d, and dy Forrecangu tums + Check tat 4, must be ater tan mi. Are af for Alexa (4) and min Arex of lr shikai (4). Ay = 200/ f(b) Ioen"< 4500 ps Bef 4500p} Ay =0.0018 06 0st = 0.0020 64 Worf = 40 & SOR = Incas, i 4, < Ay then itis recommended to we 4 ‘+ Knowing 4, select the size & spacing of bars referring the Table Abra 16m Tipe of Column = Square tied interior column Ded oad = DL = 200kps Live load = LL = 1608 Ut weight of sol y,= 100 to Distance from base offoting belo final grade= H= St Allowable soi pressure = g, 5000 8 Jo~ 3000 psi: J, 60000 psi ‘Required: Design of square slated footing + Ex Hl: Design square isolated footing for & 16 in ‘Square ted interior column that supports dead load of 20 Kips and a live lod of 160 kips. The column is reinforced with cight #8 bars. The base offoting is $f below grade, the soil weighs 100 pef, "= 3000 ps, = {60000 psi and allowable sil pressure is $000 pet. Sip #1: Assume 0 total depth (h) of footing and find an ‘fetve depth dy ‘Let the total depth of foting (h) of2 Therefore, Effstive depth of faking (2)=h-.5 © d=24-43=195in Sip #2 Calculate the efitve sol presire (by using the relation 4 ~Allowable sil pressure Pressureby sol ill 4. = ae (Gex WD) fp WED} + Solution: Data: Sideofeolunn =e = 16in Type of Column = Squared interior columa Dead oad = DL ~ 200k: Live bad =LL= 160Aips Unit weight ofsoil= y, = 100 ge Distance fom base of footing below final grade = H= St Allowable sol presure= = 5000 f= ere ge = 5000 I? 27, Unit weigh of reinforced concrete 15015 b= mi 2, = Unit weight of sil = 100 Hast 5000 (180% 2412) + {100(5-24/13)) 5000 (300 + 300), 400 b= 4.4+ Step 9 3: Calculate the area of footing by sing the ‘lation Area of foting~ Total service unfactored load ‘fective sll presire DL+LL +f = 200+ 160 = 360 44 dl 9-075 2.» 1.0 (for normal weight cone) f= 3000p ¥,=6.12x9002- 1392-14025) = $508(4.5-0.667- 1.25) 121.60 bps Theefre, 121,62 1000 2 078x1 x 3000 ¥(9x12) 3.71<19.3in. means assumed depth of footing is Ok for one way shear 1+ Sp # 4: Caleulate the met upward sil pressure (a) by sing the relation: = factored oad (p,) 6 rea offoting _L2DLHLGLL _ 1.242004 1.6% 160, 0 oxD aT 2404256 496 aI aI 4-612 1 Sip #6: Chock the depth of footing de 1190 way ‘shear (punching shear) ‘As we know tat he eid depth offing de to two way shear (punching shea) sven by 4 re ae rs T ¥ © ofa, db, + 2)INK by =e Yann qlerd? 1+ Step #5 Check the depth of footing duet one way shear [As we know tat the reqited depth of footing due] toone way shear is ven by ia 20 where, GB (2-02 -d) ere, gu 612A ae and by Mea) here, pa 496k gen 62K c= 16in.= 1338 d= 195Sin, = L258 on075 ino f= 3000 ps 4 =40 foriterorcolunn Now, Fy =496- 6.12(1.33+ 1.425) = 496 6.12(8732) 442 56kipsand by: rd) see 416+ 19.5)=4055) =142in, 442.56 1000 sal] Fe07S x10 GOON = Now, My= 05x 612(92-1.382)x9 495.04 ee 40.04 x 1000 x 12 = 4860480 Ibi ‘Agu, R, = 4860480 /9 12198)" = 11835 psi and, 9 = 085 x3 /60{ 1 VI [2X TRSSTOVXORSR 3000] 010825 1 ~ 70.4051} = 0.08251 0.9470} ~0.0125 x 0.053, = 0.00225 42.56% 1000 . ands S75Gox 105+) x10x NOOR Now sinos dj and dy ate Jess than d (efiective dept of fotng), which means. = that the assumed effective depth is ako. 5 aadequate for two way shear (punching seat) “Terefor, A, =0,00225x (9x 12)x 195 in? ‘Now minima amount of stl for shrinkage (4,8 y= 0.0018 bh for, = 60s} 0.0018 x(9% 12)x24 4.660. nd, minimum amount of sel for Nexure(4,) Ay =200/f (bd) orhen «4500 psi) 200 / 60000) x {9x 12) x 19.5} 17.02 in? >4, hence use this area of tel * Sp #7: Calewate the area of steel (A,) by using the elation: 4, = phd where, p= 085(f,/){1 ~ T= BR Te x05] Use 9-48 bars @ 12.75 in. et Both directions.(Yam A senate satan) mtr ( oe ‘FOOTING ai fas|ss]zs Unit wight reinfced corte sis | 35 | |S 1 Toa depth ting ints = == “nit weigh of sino ft given hens val of 100 ry baum & i) is 1 =Disance fo then of tng fa gra in ne wales 3. Cala ren of foting by ting the elation: — ne |e ‘Area of footing = Total service unfactored load ae feslae fete sel presire as = { “Db=Lt 4, Caeulate the side of footing For rectangular footing. one ide offoting (generally width) is assumal or given an the cater side (say length) can be alee length of footing ~ Arex of footing ‘idk offing 5. Caeulate the net upward soil pressure (g,) by using the tie vine relation 4g ~ factored load.) ‘Are offooing — where p= L2DL*16LL See +o design an lated ecanglar fing the lowing 6 Check the dp of fotng deo one way (sam shea) Stared inboth Venpiuinlandwanswese)diceions c= 1. Assume a total depth (h) of foting and calculate an Her fang wih omaag eon inome al |, fective depth (using a thumb rule: firetion, the ciel section coeur ot a See ame doen bom ee 2 Cae he she al pis) wie Te a ting ay [ ‘elation: ‘shear in the longitudinal direction can be ta Allowable sl pessure Press by si it (ieciod ruing oneiause I Ge = 4 Wy, W112) + 7, (HAY) Me an X } \ WEBwhere, Y= 4g B (20/2) a ‘+ Anu the depth f footing de © one way ade wre Saati tenet TT, so > Spt ctnce ie =m RT, oats a we, y 1 Bik re G.(e +d)? —+ For square columns” where, Y= qyL (B22 22d) T r= ales +d) (05+) ete al rome Ferg chs 2 ryicthee lacs _] yates) —e eroqmecchcm ce} sada — 22440) $0) —+ Fern coos 4 efeive depth ating 9-075 ndietion fir pe fete rTotireomal wei comce str sanghtwoight cnet aig cece + Now, if calealtsd dy < 4 (fective tepthy owans the assumed Soph af @ gf feng 2K frome way oases, | ifoot tse sous high ale rd 4,940 fo interior columns 30 fer edge columns for comer eolumas| = Now, if caleuated dy and dy < d (effective depth), means the assumed} depth of footing is OK for two way shear (punching shes) sf not assume Sone higher valu ford. 7-Check the depth of footing due t two way oF punching shear ie ‘The critical section fortwo way shear punching shear oocurs a distance "2 fom the feof col on al sides + The required depth of footing due to two way shear or punching shear can be chee by ceaing he vals of and dy using the elation: 8,Caleulate the area of stl (4,) im the longitudinal ion by using the relation: Ap Bd where, p= O8SU/f) (1 VERT OX 0857.) RaMIBE My=08 q,xBx(L2-02)° 0.90Check that 4, must be greater than min, Area of ste for Aexae (4) and min. Are of tcl fr shrinkage (4) (owen 4500 psi) Ioehen "2 4500 psi} Ay = 00018 (for, 60s) = 0.002054 (orf ~ 40& 50 Asi + Imease, 4, 4500p) orf = 60s, orf = 40& SOAs + Incase, id, < Ay thon itis recommended tose 4, = Ay + Knowing 4 select the sie & spacing of bars refering the Tables it+ Step #1: Assume a total depth (h) of fooing and find a fective depth Let the total depth of fxting (of 2 Therefore, Etetive dept of foting (@)=h=4.5 2 d=24-45~ 195in, + Sup # 2 Caleware the efectve sil pressure (4) by using the relation 44, "Allowable sil pressurePressure by sol fill 4. ge lleex IP) (HRI rs inating 98.08 wb BS a cuekay2n | Use 8S RN 1 A ootng i ere, = 5 WA2 = S000 IR? 1%. Unit weight of reinforced concrete 150 18? = 28in, nit weight of sil = 100 Tbh? {assumed a s000-[(15024/12)+ {100(4-24/12)}] 000 - (300+ 200) 4500 I= 4.5 1 Sip # 8: Caleulate the net upward soil pressure (9) by sing the relaion: factored load (pd) ‘Area of footing 12D 16LL ‘55x12 2oi+30 _ 614 mm ~ 102 = 602K + Sp # 3: Calculate the area of footing by using the elation: Aref footing = 9880 8 909 86 Check the dap of oig doe wy shar (ton shea bet deo > Depth often ys in helo dco As wen al he ep of ectungar fay a ey oa they nga Secn abe sicily wing te al “alee vine ag B= ot=d075 2 = 1.0 fo norma weight concrete) L258, f° = 4000 psi 02x 85.x(122- 182-1625) = 185.49 kip Therefore, 4 49x 1000 '” Fe07Sx 1x HOOD x(85x12) 19.1619.Sin. which means assumed depth of footing is ‘cfr one way shear (inthe legitudinal direction) 1 Sip #7: Check the depth of footing due to two way shear ‘onching shear) ie As we know that the depth of footing due ] tatwo way shea (patching shea ca be Checked by using he ati: soe % SS neet O° ax, T st, 5 me shadiby DAT, where Faigle dP And, the depth of rectangular footing due to one way shear (beam shear) inthe transverse direction canbe checked by sing the relation: Ve = qh (Bl2~ 02d) 52 V7, = 602x 12x (852-152-1625) 555.21 hips = 138,45 kipe and, by =e d) re 4018 +19.5)=4075) Therefore, =150in, and, by Ale +) drs. p= 614 ips, e075 4-602 0 en I8in= 15 :'=4isi= 4000 ps 22 19Sin.= 14354, = 40 frites column Now, f= 614 602(15+ 1.6257 614 602 97656) 138.45 x 1000 F075. 1x 14000 x(12x1) ‘or one way sear in the short direction) 4 555.21 x 1000 8 9.075% 1.0 x 4000x150 d,= 19.50 = 19Sin. (assumed depth) 555.21 © O75 (ax 195+ 2) x10x WOOD ISO Now since d and dy are less than d (effective depth of ooting) which mzans hat the assumed efctive dep i so adequate fortwo way shear (punching shea)+ Step #8: Calculate the ste! reinforcement in oth (long and shor directions > Steet reinforcement in the Longitudinal direction: [As we know that Area of stel for rectangular footing inthe longi! dection is wiven by A=pBd where, p= 0.88 (24) [1 NT= BR, 79x ORT] RM IEE M,=05q,xBx(L2- 2" hste.g," QO2bM, BSA L= 12M, ande~18in.=15 8 Now refering Table Af sleet = #9 bars. ‘Therefore, Spacing bw the bars = B=2 over n= 1 RSR-2x3in/9 =102-678= Hin. Use 9- #9 ars @ 120m. fe Therefor, My=05 x602%85x (122-1 Si2) 5.585 x 27.5825 05.186 kt -My/ Be 5.186 x 1000 12 / (8.5 x 12)x(19.5)° = 8462232 / 39085 1818 pst Now since, 9 = 0.85(f7/f) [1 I~ BR Tex ORS 1] 85x 460 [1 VI 2x IRTRTOOX ORS 4000} ] > Stee reinforcement in the Transverse dveton: ‘As we know that Ares of see! for rectangular footing inthe transverse direction is given by: A=pld where, 0 = 0.850, "/f) [1 ~NT~ R79 x ORS] ReM/LE M05 q.xLx(B2- 2p here, q=602W0", B=KSR L= 128, ande= IRin Thorfore, M,=05 x 6.02 x 12x (8S/2-1.52)° nd, iim amount of sel or enue (is Aig = (200/f}x4d) whan 4500p) (200 60000)x (85x 12)x 19} '=0.057 (1 \T=0.1836 }= 0057x0074 arr = Aa2aT kt =a Terefoe, A, = 0.0042 (8.5% 12)x 195 RaM Le =a3sin? "= 442.47 x 1000 12/(12 x12) x95 [Now minimum amount of steel for shrinkage 4) 8 5309640 / 54756 a= 0.001854 ‘fer, = 60 bs = 9697 psi (0.0018. (8.5x 12)x24 Now sinee, p= 0.85 (./) 1 -VI~ BRT @XOR/ 44 in? 0.88 x 4160 [1 — T= [2x 9697709 0.85 x 4000)] = 643in2- 4, hence use this area of tel [Now referring Table 4.4, Use 16 #7 bars (4, =9.62 in?) + To design a combined footing, the fllowing steps are followed: 1 Assume a total depth (4) of footing and calculate an effective depth (using a thu ue: dah 45 inches 2,Caleulate the effective soil pressure (q,) by using the 44. ~ Allowable sil pressurePressure by soil fil 4a =e lee x12) + ty (HMI) 4 a where, q.= Allowable soil pressure nt? 2, “Unit weight of reinforced concrete = 150 1? ‘+ =Total depth of fecing in nes rit weight of si in Iv? not given then value of 100 16? may be assumed istnce fom the base of foting to inal grade in 3. Caleuate the area of foting by using the relation: Area of footing Total service unfectored load ofeanns “effetvesollpresire H ‘Combined footings: a + These types of footings are . ‘used when two colds are 80 so lose that isolated footing may cause overlap of footings oF | -b when one cola ected at 1 ‘ornear a property line. 4, Determine the locaton of the resultant of column Toads and calculate the length of footing ‘5. Calealate the width of footing by using the elation Area of footing Mh of fons = ath of footing 6 Caeulate the net upward soil pressure (2) by using the relation factored oad.) = Areaoffooting (where py=12DL+ LLL7. Draw the SF and BLM diagrams and find out the amount ‘and positon of maximum shear and bending moment Considering the footing as an inverted beam subjected 10 dlistibuted load, draw the SF and B.M dagrans. Colunn Toads may be considered as concentrated lads to simplify theanalyis. 8, Cheek the assumed depth of footing due to one way shear by using the relation: % ONE where, 10, Calculate the area of rain tel (4) inthe longitudinal rection for -ve and +ve BLM by using the relation: 4, =phd where, p= 088 74) Ren My/ bE A, =Masimur se and ve boning moment RR TORO LT = Shou force ata distance d fom the poi of max. shear 2=naiaton itr fer pe af concrete = 10 or normal weight conte 085 fr sand ight eight omrete 075 fr alight weight concrete B= wid of foting +H ealeuated dy 4500p) dy = 0.0018 4 orf ~ 0 = 0002064 ord, = 408 50H} 4 Incase of -ve BM, if 4, 4, hence wsethisareuof see Now refering Table, selec 10- #9 bars (4,= 10 n2)+ Area ofstel (A) in he longitudinal direction for ve BM: since, d= 315in=26250, Ry M13 10008 12/75 12 1SP "= 2535600 /49302.5 2839 si ad, p= 085x460 [| \T= TEX FRIVT OIA OBS x AOOOT] = 0087 -V1-0.01885) (0.057 [1 0.99068] = 0.057 0.00032 = 0.00053 here, 4," et upward sol pressure = 565k B= 75% L= 228, ande=20in,= 167 Therefore, My=05x5.65 (75/2 1.677422 = 05x565x(2915?x22 =s28.10%0 SR MILE = 528 10x 1000. 12/22.« 12x15 = 633720 (261958 = 24.19 pi 0.00083 (7.5x 12)x 31.5 1.30 in? nd minimum amount of sel fr shrinkage.) 8 A= O.0018 (orf = 604s} 0.0018 (75x 12)236 S83 in2> Ad bene use this areaof ste! ‘Again referring able .4, use 6 #9 bas (4,~ 6 in’) and place this enforcement atthe baton of projecting ends of foxtng ‘beyond the columns to take eae ofthe positive moments =0057 1 ~0.9921)=0.057x 0.0079 0.0008 and =p Ld 0045 «(22 12) 31.5 = 30min? + Sp HL: Caludate the area of steel in the transverse (chord direction For reinforcement inthe short detion, ealulate the area fof steel at the top and under each column at the bation + Reinforcement a the op: [As we know that A=pld whore, 9 = 0.85 ff) [LAT BRT 9x OSE] R=MILE M054, (B2-e2PxL sd, minimum amon of see fr shrinkage (4) 8 Ag = 0.0018 Lb Lforf = 60st 0.0018 «(223 12)x36 171 in? > 4, hence wse this are of sce [Now refering Zable dif, Use 18 = #9 bars (4, = 18 in’) + Reinforcement under exterior column I 85 (,°/) N= BR, @XO8S7 1] RemM,/ bP M,=05 q,(B!2-2)