KE<l>AAAIO 1.1.

AvanAI}puYIEC; 0' Eva LxoAdo AAAtWTlKO«no r' AAAa:

LEVaptaKr} I1pOOEyytOI} TOUGE)laToc;

HA{a~ r. MaroayyovQa~

TQn~ VEOLnrvxwvxoL ITauSaYWYLuoV Tusuuxxo; OWQ('ovTm ox; avaxsnoon»; os Eva

axoAdo um EXOVVT7)Veuxaiota, IlEaW TWV uaerzllEQLVWV aV'7)T~aEWV, aviixaoatie-
aEWV xai EntAOYWV TWV 1l0VLIlWV oaaxaAwv TOV axoAdov va yvwQ(aovv OWCPOQE-
nxov~ iiixcn»; oaauaAov xai va nQo{3ArzIlauae015v svrovo yw u~ aviixoououevec
LOEE~,nQOTEQmOT7)TE~xai nQaxuxE~ nov EucpQa,ovv. H axoALx~ XQovLa TEAELwvn
xat aXOIl7) oev EXOVVuaTaA~!;EL noiot; ana aVTo15~«EXELxeoiaooteoo Mxw», IlE now
XQLT~QW TEALxa uxoooov va xQ(vovv xai: rETOW, av xanoio; ea unoooooe va xa-
vn ovvbuaouoik; xai, TEAO~,avaooniovvtca U T15no OaauaAov ea ~eEAav OL (OWL
va avanT15!;ovv. EAaTE va naQaxoAoVe~aovllE u~ EVTVnwaEL~ xai TOV~nQo{3ArzIlan-
aJ1015~rov~, oxo»; xaxavotupovtcu ana T7)uia aVanA7)QwTQW, yw va avv-nQo{3ArzIla-
uaTo15/LEIla'( rov~, &OOJ1EVOVAU W (ow EQwT&wm nQEnn va anaaxoA~aovv xca
eoac, TWQa nov {3Q(axWeE ar7)v aQX~ TWVanovowv otu;

I. L16oKaAol J.1€ Tautotnta Kat L16oKaAol XWp{~ toutotmc

Tov n£Qa0f-lEVO 2:£mEf-l~QLO us 0'130aXOWI ouvaOD..cpou<; OLOQWt~Xaf-l£ avanAr]-
QWtE<;O£ Eva owo£xa8EOLo 0XOA£(o, rtou aocpaAw<; 8a to 8wof-laot£ os oAr] f-la<;
rnv £xnaLO£UtLX~ OtaOLOOQo~t(a. 2:uvavt~oaf-l£ OLacpoQ£uxou<; XaL £voLacpE-
QOVt£<; OaoxaAou<;, LOU<;ono(ou<; yvwQ(oaf-l£ xUQ(w<; OtO YQacp£(o tWV oaoxa-
Awv, xata tL<; oU~r]t~O£L<; Ota oLaA£(~tf-laLa XaL OtL<; Ouv£oQLao£L<;. 8£WQOlJf-l£
tL<; aU~r]t~o£L<; aUtE<; nQaYf-lauxa taxuQQu8f-la O£f-lLvaQLa YLa £f-la<;.MEta ano
nOnE<; oU~r]t~O£L<; OUv£Lor]tOnOL~Oaf-l£ OU, £vw £(xav oLacpoQ£uxE<; XaL ou-
xva aVtLxQoU0f-l£v£<; ano1jJ£L<;, La 8Ef-lata nou LOU<;anaoxoAouaav A(yo - noAu
OAou<; ~Lav XOLva XaL acpoQOlJOaV ta £s~<; 0'130 ~aoLxa £Qwt~f-lata: (a) nOLO<;
£(VaL 0 oxon6s; tr]S; £xna(C'>£uollS; XaL (~) noLOS; £(VaL 0 XUQLOS;Q6AOS;LOU C'>aaxa- §J___
1
• 32
HAIAL f. MATL:AffOYPAL

AOUXCtl note II mlo'tll!-lOVLx~ lOSlOLOLXlOUO~ 'tOU. Yn~QXlOXaL Eva 'tQLLOlOQw'tll!-la,

LO orcoto oWJ)<;no'tE OEV'to E8wav lOu8E(J)<;: nou ~QLOXE'tCtlII Mva~lll 'tll<; lOxnaL-
OlOUOll<;,«ueoc» 0't0 naLOL ~ «ES(J)>> ana LO naLOL; Av ~QLOXE'taL«usoc», OE 'tL
rcoto; 'tllV xa'tEXlOl XCtl
ouvLo'ta'tCtl XCtl nw<; aSLOnOllOL'tCtlOLOaX'tLXa; Av «ES(J)>>,
nw<; aSLOnOllOL'tCtlOlOaX'tLXa;
L'tll OUVEXELCt,xa8w<; 8a LOU<;aXOUOE'tE va !-lLAouv YL' au'ta 'ta 8E!-lCt'ta
nQOOES'tE'tL 8EOEL<;naLQVOUV XaL, 'tau't0XQova, OXEcp8EL'tEXCtl 'tL<;av'tLO'tOlXE<;
OLXE<;oa<;. E!-la<;, aU'tE<;Ol OU~ll't~OEl<;XaL Ol aVaA.UOEL<;nou Exavav, !-la<;~O~-
8110av vc. xa'tavo~OOU!-lE O'tl oro oXOAlOLaunaQXouv OLacpOQE'tLXOL 'tunOl 00.-
oxaAou nou EXOUVOLacpOQE'tLXE<; ano'\jJEl<;YLa rc naQamxv(J) 'tQLa EQ(J)'t~!-la'ta,
ana OEV!-la<;~0~811oav vc xCt'taA~sou!-lE notoc; 'tuno<; «ur«; naEl» nEQwoo'tEQO
XaL OE noLOV 80. 8EAa!-110 v« !-lOLaOOU!-llO.EL!-laL OLyoUQll O'tL XaL WEL<;80. rtpo-
~All!-lCt'tL08E('tE, cv OEV!-lnEQoEu'tEL'tE.La<; 'tOU<;naQouoLa~OU!-lE XaL nQooES'tlO
nw<; LOn08E'touv'tCtl a!-lwa ~ E!-l!-lWa ere naQanav(J) EQ(J)'t~!-la'ta, nOLE<;ana
'tL<;OxoAE<;OXE'\jJll<;nou EXCPQa~ouv!-lOLa~ouv !-lE'tasu 'tOU<;XCtl OE'tL, nOLE<;oLa-
CPEQOUV
XCtl YLa'tC

OK. rpl7y6pl7C; McBoO[ou, TOU EUTO~{a

OX. fQllYOQll<; ME800Lou, 'tOU EU'tasLa, on(J)<;OWnAllQWVEl 0 LOLO<;, £(VCtl0 ~lEU-
8uv't~<; XaL II '\jJUX~'tOU OXOA.ELOU. TllV nEQLOOOnou unllQE'tOUOE !-lEanoonaOll
OEOXOA.ELO LOU ES(J)'tEQlXOUaSlOnOtllOE 'tllV EUXCtlQLaXaL nQaY!-la'tonoLllOE !-lE-
'tan'tUXLaXE<; onouoE<; (Master) OLO «Classroom Management». Ano 'to'tE ELVCtl
'tax'tLxo<; ouvoQO!-lll't~<; XCtl avayvwo'tll<; 'tOU nEQLOOLXOUIIau5aywy[xti 'EQCV-
va xm L1[Daxuxti IIQasrz. 8EAEL<;0 ouyxQo'tll!-lEVO<; xaQax't~Qa<; 'tOU, 8EAEl<;
OLonouO£<; 'tOU, II 'taSll LOU X. fQllYOQll OOUAEUEL«QOAOl». OL !-la811'tE<;SEQOUV
xaAa LOU<;xaVOVE<;XaL LOU<;QOAOU<; 'tOU<;XCtl OEVunaQXouv oo~aQa nQo~A~!-la-
'to., OU'tEanWAELE<;OLOaX'tLXOUXQOVOU.fvwQO;ouv nOAu xaAa O'tLnQ(J)'taQXLXO<;
O'tOXO<;'tOU<;EtVCtlva !-la80uv OAOl LOU<;'to !-la811!-la'tll<; ll!-lEQa<;,000 YLVE'taLxa-
AU'tEQa. 0 x. fQllYOQll<; W<;~LlOU8uv't~<;avaAa!-l~avEL nav'ta 'tL<;~LcyaAlO<; 'taSEL<;
!-lEoxono va nQoE'tol!-laOEL 'to. naLOL<XYLa 'tL<;anaL't~OEl<; 'tOU fU!-lVaOLOU, onw<;
AEEL.OL xa811Yll'tE<;LOU YEl'tOVLXOUfwvaOLOU OLanw'tWVouv XQOVLa'twQa 'tll
OLCtcpoQa't(J)V!-la811'tWV'tOU OE0XEOll ~lE!-la811'tE<;anWV OaoxaA.(J)v. Tov 8EW-
QOUVEvav ana 'tou<; xaAu'tEQou<;, av 0Xl 'tOY xaAu'tEQo oaoxaAo 'tll<; nEQlOX~<;·
Kanolo<; xa811Yll't~<;, !-laAw'ta, 'tOY OVO!-laOE«PEXayxEA 'tll<; OxoAlx~<; 'tasll<;»·
'H'tav 'to'tE nou II E8vLX~ !-la<;ELXEytVELnQw'ta8A~'tQLa EUQwnll<;·
To aSLOoll~lELWLO!-lELOVx. fQllyoQll EtVaL O'tl, ooa onouoaOE XaL 000. OUVE-
XW<;OLa~a~EL,!-lnOQEtva 'to. xaVEl nQaSll· L'tllV 'taSll 'tOU lOcpaQ!-lO~EL nav'ta OUY-
XQOVE<;XCtl EVanaX'tLXE<; nQoocyytOEl<;. fLa naQaOElY[.la, oouAEUEl ~lEO!-laoE<;,
oQyavwvEL projects, lOcpaQ!-lO~EL 'tOU<;noA.A.anA.ou<;'tunou<; VOll!-lOOUVll<;,xa8w<;
 1.1. ANADAHPOTEL L' ENA LXOAEIO AAAIOTIKO ADO T' AAAA 33

Xal atQm;l]YLxE~ xQLtLX~~ aXE'4'l]~ xrn, ~E~aLa, IlJt~Xf coro tOU~ JtQc.6tOU~oro
«I1QoYQalllla'ta I1fQL~aHovtLx~~ ExJta(6fUal]~ xrn EUO.LXtl]~ Zc.6Vl]~».DAa
auta XWQ(~ va IlEVfL moco atl] «6L6axtEa UAl]», rnv oxoto 8fWQf( ~aal] yw tl]
IlftEmLta JtOQf(a 'tWV lla8l]tc.6v tOU, rooo oro aXOAf(O 000 Xal o rnv xowcovtc.
Ltl] 6L6aaxaA(a tl]~ UJtOXQfWtLX~~«6L6axtEa~ UAl]~» f(Val JtLOJtaQa60OLaxo~,
YLa va Ill] «IlEVELmoto» oro lla8~llata. XQl]OLIlOJtOLf( tl] LtQatl]YLX~ tl]~ Arto-
tfAWflUtLX~~ L1L6aaxaA(a~ XaL tl] LtQatl]YLX~ tl]~ MOVOAOYLxo-6LaAfXtLX~~
L1L6aaxaA.(a~ (~A. MatOayyouQa~ 2002: 475-491 XaL 405-429).
fLa OAOU~aUtou~ tOU~ A6you~, l] L1Lfu8uval] tOU I1fQLcpfQfLaxou EJtLIlOQ-
CPWtLXOU KEVtQOU (I1EK) tOU ava8E'tfL va xrivet fJtLIlOQcpwtLxci afllLvciQLa yw
8EIlata L1L6axtLX~~ Mf8060Aoy(a~ XaL 0 LXOALXO~LUIl~OUAO~ tOU atEAVfL
tOU~ vf06LOQLOtoU~ YLa va JtaQaxoAou8~aouv tL~ 6L6aaxaA(f~ rou, Touc MXf-
taL fuxaQ(atw~ XaL, Ilfta coro xa8f 6L6aaxaA(a, 0 x. rQl]yoQl]~ 'tOU~xavfL IlW
otivtoun fLa~Yl]al], xatci tl]v onoto f~l]Yf( OtL l] 6L6axtLX~ tOU Ilf8060Aoy(a
~aa(~ftaL atl] aUYXQOVl]6L6axtLX~ EQfuva XaL OtL aJtc.6tfQO~oxoxo; toU f(VaL
va ~0l]8~aEL OAOU~tOU~ lla8l]tE~ va unoxrnoouv tL~ yvc.6afL~, tL~ XOLVWVLXE~
6f~LOtl]tf~, tL~ a~(f~ XaL tL~ ataafL~ JtOUf(VaL avayxa(f~ a~llfQa YLa va aUVf-
x(aouv ~lf fJtLtUx(a tl] aXOALx~ tOU~ JtQo060 XaL YLa va fvtax80uv aUQLOolla-
Aci Xal 6WLOuQYLxa atl]v XOLvwv(a. Lf OAOU~autou~ 0 x. rQl]yoQl]~ aUVLata
va 6la~aaouv ~L~A(a oJtw~: H Anort:.Awf.1anx~ LlLoaoxaUa, ME(]OOOAOYLXO
llQo{3Ar/l.W, OQyavw0'fl xu[ 'fl LlLEV(]VV0'fl T'fl~ LXOALX~~ Ta;'fl~ XaL, Of oaou~
~f~a(w~ yvwQ(~OUV AYYALXci, to Models of Teaching tWV B. Joyce XaL M. Weil,
Englewood: Prentice Hall, 1992.

o K. nE:plKAr']C;AvaauYKporonouAoc;, rouAplarE:{OT]
o x. I1fQLXA~~ f(VaL «JtaALo~» ato axoAf(o XaL aJtOtfAf( tl] «OLWJtl]Q~avtLJto-
HtfUal]» tOU x. "'LfU8uvt~, JtaQa to Y£yovo~ OtL f(VaL xaAo( cp(AOl Xal JtOtE
6fV EXOUVEA8fL Of aVOLXt~ Q~~l]. AJto 'to ato~wtOU x. I1fQLXA~ aXOUfL xaVf(~
aUXVOtfQa 'tl] AE~l] «XOlvwv(a» JtaQa «'ta~l]», Af~ Xal 6l6aaXfl 'tl]V XOlvwv(a
Xal 0XL 'tl]V 'ta~l] toU. «L'tOXO~'tOU aXOAf(OU», AEEL,«JtQEml va f(VaL va aUa-
~fl 'tl]V XOLVwv(a, va 'tl]V xaVfl JtLO6(XaLl], JtlO 6l]lloxQatLx~, JtlO avoLX't~ a'tl]
6lacpoQoJto(l]al], XWQ(~ aJtoxAfLOIlOu~ XaL fXIlf'taUfUal]». E(val, 6l]Aa6~, xa'tl
aav I1fQlXA~~ XaL AQLOtf(6l]~ Ila~(. "'UO Of Eva!
LUXVE~aU~l]t~afl~ Xal EVtoVf~ avtLJtaQa8Eafl~ EXfl Ilf 'tl] 6(6a Eu8ull(a
AvaJt'tu~oJtOUAOU, 'tl] 6aaxaAa tl]~ TQ('tl]~, YLa 'tl]V oJto(a 8a IlLA~aoullf aQ-
yO'tfQa. H 6WJtOlV(~ Eu8u~L(a LOU fJtLal]lla(vfl OtL awcpwvf( Ilf toU~ a'toxou~
'tOU, aHa 6WcpWVf( Ilf tL~ JtQO'tfQaLO'tl]'tE~ LOU. «H 6l]lloxQatLx~ XaL 6(xaLl]
XOLvwv(a Jtou oQal--ta't(~f'taL 0 x. I1fQLXA~~», AEfL,«JtQOUJt08E'tfLfVfQYOU~JtOA(-
'tf~, OLOJtOLOL
fLVal "I1QoawJta" OAoJtAfuQa avaJt'tuYIlEva». Av, xata tl] YVc.6~ll]
,
•
34 HAIAL r. MATI:ArrOYPAL

TllC;, OEV XaVO'U[.lE 'to (lTO[.lO OAOJtAE'UQa avaJtT'UYIlEVO Iloooroao, OEV [.lJtOQOU[.lE
vc EAJt~O'U[.lE aTll ~EATlwall xm JtOAU JtEQwaOTEQO o rnv aHay~ TllC; XOlvwvlac;.
«"I1QoawJta" JtO'U OEV EX0'UV EJtLAuaEL 'tLC;EaWTEQLXEC;a'UYXQouaELC; TO'UC;OEV
[.lJtOQOUv vc a'UvEQyaa80uv us aHo'Uc;, OUTE vo EQyaa80uv YLa aHo'UC;», AEEL
xaQaxTllQLaTLxa. I1ELaTLXO OEV aXOUYETm;
o 1<. I1EQLXA~C; a'U[.lcpWVEl YLa ru OAOXAllQW[.lEVa I1QoawJta, aHa emon-
[.lalVEL 0'tL 'to a'tO[.lo OEV cvcrcruooerm EQ~[.lllV TO'U XOLVWVLXOU TO'U JtEQL~aA-
AOV'tOC;.To x'UQlaQXo XOLVWVLXO JtEQL~aHov aaxEl rnv Eso'Uala rou xrn otnv
avaJtT'USll TWV aTO[.lWV xrn o rn AEL'tO'UQYla TWV XOLVWVLXWV 8w[.lwv, oJtWC;El-
vct ro axoAElO 'to OJtOlO, YL' cutov 'toy AOYO, oe OAOXAllQO 'toy xoouo a'Uv~8wc;
AEL'tO'UQYElavaJtaQaywYLxa' ollAao~, a'U[.l~aHEL w [.lEywTa o rnv avaJtaQayw-
y~ TllC; aOLxllC; XOLVWVLX~C;oLaaTQW[.laTwallC;. OJtWC; XaTaAa~aTE, 0 1<. I1EQLXA~C;
'tL[.la TO OVO[.la rou, Elvm evtovo JtoAmXOJtOLll[.lEVOC;, 0XL O[.lWC;xouuc nxonom-
[.lEVOC;,xrn Jtavw aVOlXTOC; aTll OLaCPOQE'tLX~aJt01.jJll. AHwaTE, 0llAWVEL can-
06c; TllC; KQmx~c; I1moaYWYLX~C; JtO'U OVO[.la~ETm xm XELQacpETLX~.
Tou; JtQO~All[.laTW[.lOUC; rou 0 x. I1EQLXA~C; TO'UC;xaVEL OLOaX'tLX~ JtQaSll.
Ttu JtaQaOELY[.la, OO'UAEUELa'Uxva O[.laOoa'UVEQya'tLXa OLO'tL JtWTEUEL 0'tL ornv
O[.laoa OL [.la8llTEc; avaJtTuaaOVTm XOLVWVLxa, vorrnxd xrn, ~E~alWC;, Oll[.lOxQa-
'tLxa. I'io 'toy lOLO oxono EXEL avaAa~EL rnv E'U8uVll rou «Ma8ll'tLXOU L'UVE-
WLQW[.lOU» TO'U aXOAElO'U, JtO'U JtQoacpEQEL a'tO'UC;~ta8llTEC; Tll O'UVaTOTllTa 0XL
[.lOVO vc [.lEAE'tOUV xm vo aXEcpTovTm, aHa xrn vc oQo'Uv. I1WTEUEL JtOAU ornv
E[.lJtQaxTll EVEQY0Jtolllall xm JtaQE[.l~aall TWV [.la8llTwv aTa XOLVWVLxa JtQay-
[.law, aQX~OVWC; aJto W JtQo~A~[.laTa TllC; aXOALX~C; ~W~C;. Km, ~E~ma, OEV
JtaQaAE(JtEL va xavEL 8E[.la JtQoC;a'U~~Tllall xm [.lEAETll ao~aQa XOLvwvLxa JtQo-
~A~[.law, OJtWC;E(vm II CPTWXELa,0 QaTaw[.lOc; xm OL OLaXQLaELC;CPUAO'U,CP'UA~C;
xm xawywy~C;. TLC; JtQoaHEC;, YLa JtaQaOELY[.la, 1:0'UC;[.lO(QaaE aE CPWTOT'UJtLa
[.l~V'U!la Jto'U EAa~E [.lE e-mail Xat EYQacpE:

Av
OAO~0 xoaf1o~ rimv Eva~ xrino~ Xat OAOt Ot av8Qwnot TaV xoaf1ov rimv
100, rorE
• 6 aTaf1a 8a xarElxav TO59% TOVnayxoaf1wv nAOVTaV,
• 6 aTOf1a 8a rirav af1EQtxavtxri~ E8vtxor'lm~,
• 80 8a rirav aarEYOt,
• 70 8a rimvavaAcpa{J'lTOt,
• 50 8a rimv OtXOVOfltXa EsaQrl1f1{vOt ano xanowv aUov,
• 1 8a rimv am nQo8vQa TOV8avaTOv,
• 2 8a YEVVtOVrovaav,
• 1 8a rirav xaTOXo~ H/Y,
• 1 (Ja E{XExanow O{nAWfla.
 1.1. ANATIAHPi.1TH L' ENA LXOAEIO Ai\i\Ii.1TIKO ATIO T' Ai\i\A 35

Av
EXErE rfJaJiE~LXO AoyaQW0/10, xanoia XQrlJWraXW otnv TaEJirz otu; ~
cpVAaY/1EVa a' Eva xoini, tote aV~XErE oro 8% rov JiArz8vo/1oV JiOV ov-
yxaraAEYErat OWV~ stu: JiAOVOWV~ orov x00/10,

Av
avdvvoior; xat unooeoate va bwf3aOErE tnno
l;EQErE W /1~VV/1a, tot:
dare EVAOYll!1EVOL, bLOU
• xastou»; ocu; oXEcprrzxE xai otu; W EorELAE,
• Dev aV~XErE ora 2 bL~ JiOV eivai ava'Acpaf3rzwL xat ..., xVQ{w~,
• EXErE H/Y.

'ExovLat; Wt; ~o.0T] LT] qJwLOLun(a aUL~, 8a oQyavwoEL Eva 0XEOW EQyao(at;
(project) OLO ~lo.8T]~a LT]t; TIOA,mx~t; xm KOLVWVLX~t; Aywy~t; YLa LT]V xaLavo~~
LOU JtA,O'llLOU xm LT]t; qJLwXELat; OLOV XOO~LOxm OLT] XWQa ~at;. TWQa LEA,EuLa(a
avaqJEQELm Ouxvo. xm OLT]V «aELqJOQOavo.JtLUsT]», XWQ(t; va EXOWE xaLaA,o.~£l
LL aXQL~Wt; EVVOEL.I'io LT] ~lEA,ELT]LWV 8E~o.LWV JtOU LOV aJtaoxoA,OVV aswnOlE(
Ouxvo. LT]V O~aooouVfQyaLLx~ lHoaoxaA,(a (~A,. MaLOayyovQat; 2002: 509-
536), LOOO oro oXEOLa fQyao(at; 000 xm OLO Xa8T]~lEQLVO ~o.8T]~W, EvaHaxn-
xo., ~E~ma, ~E o.HEt; OLQaLT]YLXEt; OLOaOXaA,(at;.
BL~A,(a o tc oJto(a avaqJEQELm ouxvo. f(vm: H XELQacpErLX~ IIatbaywYLx~,
IIQoYQa~t~£ara EXJia{Devorz~ xcu KOtvWVLxo(E'AEYXo~, Aywy~ wv KaWliLE~O-
WVOV, LOU ~QatLA,Lo.vou Jtmoaywyov Paulo Freire (Afhivo: EXO. po.JtJta, 1974),
Democracy and Education LOU]. Dewey (1916/1966), OLT]V EnT]VLX~ LOU ~E-
Lo.qJQaOT], xm Ideology and Curriculum LOU M. Apple (New York: Routledge,
1990) OE JtQooqJaLT] EHT]VLX~ ~ELo.qJQCWT]LWV Ex060Ewv EJt(XEVLQO.

HOle;EuBuf1[aAvamu~onouAou rJ «TO np6awno»

2:at; ~LA,~Oa~E ~OT] YLa LT] O£OJtOlv(oa Eu8w(a AvaJtLus0JtOVA,OU, OLT]V ortofc
~EQLXEt; qJOQEt;avaqJEQovLm or OUVo.0EA,qJOl LOU 0XoA,E(OU ~E LOV XWOLXO «LO
Iloootono». 'GOEt; qJOQEt;0 X. TIEQLXA,~t;~LA,o.ELYLa LT]V «xorvcovto» xm 0 ~LEU8u-
VL~t; YLa LT]V «Lo.ST]», o.HEt; LOOEt; T] O£OJtOlV(t; Eu8w(a ~tLA,o.ELYLa LO «TIQoow-
Jto». ME LT] «oLOaXtEa VA,T]»E(vm ~o.nov xaA,aQ~, ano. 0XL ~E LO «TIQOOWJtO».
IoxuQ(tELm on LO 0X0A,E(O EYLVEyw ta JtmoLo., JtOU E(vm OL o.~l£OOl aJtOOExLEt;
tWV UJtT]QEOLWVLOU. fL' auto JtQEJtELva A,a~~o.vEt UJtO'\jJT]LOU ta EVOLaqJEQovLo.
tOUt;, LLt; ouvm08T]~tanXEt; toUt; avo.YXEt;, nt; ouvatOtT]tEt; LOUt; xm, ~lEOW oAwv
autWv, va qJQOVL(OEl va avaJtLux8E( xo.8E Jtmo( ~E LOV OLXO LOU QU8~lO xm
LQono OE OA,OXA,T]QW~lEVT],
'\jJUXoA,0YLXo. wOQQOJtT]~EVT] xm aULovO~lT] JtQOOWJtL-
XOtT]La ~, oJtWt; A,EEl, «va Xo.VEL to o.to~0 TIQoowJtO!». 'ELOL LT]t; JtQOEXU'\jJExat
36 HArAL r. MAT2:AffOYPAL

to JtQOOWV'U~lW «LO ITQOOWJtO», av XaL LO ~aJtuouxo Llle; ovouo, Ev8v~La,

aJtobLbEL aQlOLa ue; 8£OEle; TIle;, acpou «8V~lXO» Oll~aLVEl 1j!VXlXOe; - ovvalO8ll-
~anxoe; xoour»; XaL II Lbla blaocpaAL~OVLae; 8ELlXa ovvalO8ll~anxa ~lw~aLa
(<<Ev-8WLa») aYWVL~ELaL va avaJtLU~EL LO ITQOOWJtO.
Ttc vci JtELUXEL LOV OLOXO Llle;, JtQOO£XEl lbtaLLEQa ne; 0X£OELe;Llle; ~E La
JtaLbla, Move ~E LLe;YV~OlEe; 0X£OELe;0 M.oxaAOe; ~JtOQEL va xaLavo~oEL OE
~a80e; LO JtaLbL XaL vc LO OLllQL~EL o rnv JtoQELa Llle; aVLoJtQay~aLwo~e; LOV OE
OAOXAllQW~£VO Ilooccorco. YJtOOLllQL~EL, bllAab~, XaL EcpaQ~o~El, xaLa YQa~~a
8a £AEYE xavELe;, oon AEVE oi J. Pestalozzi, Carl Rogers XaL OL AOLJtOLEXJtQOOW-
not Llle; Av8Qwmonx~e; naLbaywYlX~e;, oJtwe; La bla~a~EL ern XxwWcSVVaf.1Lx.,z
JImcSaywYLx.,z TOV Ilooooixou, LOV AA£~avbQov KoO~OJtOVAOV, rtou rnv £XEl
ouv Evayy£Aw.
H aA~8Eta ELVaL o n II bWJtOLVLe; Ev8WLa bEV ablacpoQE( yta La «~a8~~a-
La», oJtwe; vJto1j!la~ELaL II xc EmOL~~lll EAEV8EQOJtOUAOV, mv onotc XaL 8a
bOU~E o tn Ovv£XEla. AJtAWe;, 8£AEL va xrivst Lll YVWOll 000 mo ~lW~taLlX~ YLVE-
rut, blon JtlOLEUEL on or av8QwJtol, OE xa8E llAlxLa, ~a8aLvov~E urro ne; E~JtEl-
QLEe;~ae;, oJtwe; vJtOoL~Ql~av bEXaELLEe;JtQlV OL EXJtQOOWJtOLLlle; N£ae; Aywy~e;.
LUYXEXQl~l£va, avacp£QEL ovxva rnv aJto1j!ll LOV blaxExQl~£VOV Jtmbaywyou
John Dewey (1916), 0 OJtOLOe;OQL~ELLllv ExJtaCbEvoll we; Lll blablxaoCa ovyxQo-
Lllolle; XaL avabwQyavwolle; LWV ~lw~aLlxwv ~ae; E~mlQlwv, Jtov JtQ008£LEL
vOll~a one; E~mlQ(Ee; ~ae; XaL ~ae; xa8lOta JtEQLOOOLEQO£LOl~lOVe; Yla Lte; EJtO-
~lEVEe;.AXO~lll II bWJtOLVCe;AvaJtLv~oJtOUAOV blEVXQlVL~El on II Ex~a8lloll Llle;
OXOAlX~e; YVWOlle;, £OtW XaL ~lE ~lw~anxo woJto, bEV aJtoLEAEL aVLOoxoJtO,
ana ~l£OO yta LllV OAOJtAEVQll avaJtLv~ll L1']e;JtQoowmXOLllLae; LOU JtaLbwu ~
L1']e;aVLO-JtQaY~laLwO~e; LOV, oJtwe; OVVll8L~El va A£El. EJto~£vwe;, XaL II £~cpa-
01'] OL1']V EX~la81']01'] LWV YVWOEWV XaL Ol ~l£80bOl blbaoxaALae; JtOV axoAov8EL
btaCP£QOvv aJto Lte; JtaQabOOtaX£e; Jtov 8V~OUVLaL OL yOVELe;LWV JtaLblWV L1']e;
La~1']e;Llle;, Ol OJtOLOLanOLE ~acpVla~OVLaL EvxaQlOLa ~W~LL1']e;XaL anOLE JtQO-
~A1']~aL(~OVLal. AQXL~EL JtaVLa ~E La EVbtaCP£QOVLa LWV JtaLbLWV, La OJtOLa
JtQOOJta8EL OVVEXWe;va bLEVQUVELXaL va La OVOXELLOEL~E L1'] OXOALX~ EQya-
oLa. ME XLV1']L~QLa buva~ll, AOLJtOV, La Evbtacp£QOVLa XaL oXll~a ne; E~mLQLEe;
LWV JtaLbLWV JtQooJta8EL va mQaoEL Ot1'] OXOAlX~ yvW01']. 'H, oJtwe; 8a £AEYE 0
Dewey, aQxC~EL ~lE LO 'ljJVXOAOYLXO (xLV1']LQa/EVbtacp£QOVLa) xm xlvELLm JtQoe;
LO AOYLXO, LO OJtOLO EXCPQa~EL1'] EmOL1']~lOVlX~ yvW01'] Jtov bEV ELVaL LLJtOLE
ano JtaQa II av8Qwmv1'] E~JtElQ(a oQyavw~l£vll ~E LOV xaAuLEQo bvvaLO LQO-
JtO. ME ana AOYla, JtQOOJta8EL va «mQaOEl» L1']OXOAlX~ YVWOll ~£oa aJto L1']V
JtQaY~WLlXOLllLa, OJtwe; LllV ~lWVOVV La JtaLbla. AVtO, anWOLE, bEV A£ELXaL 1']
EJtOLXobO~l1']OLtX~ 8EWQLa ~la81']01']e;;
ITaQa LO oXEnxa VWQOV Llle; llAlXLae; L1']e;II bWJtOLVLe; AvaJtLV~OJtOUAOV
cpaLVELaL OVYXQOLll~l£Vll OL1']OX£1j!1']L1']e;XaL OLle; lbEEe;L1']e;XaL aQXELa mlOnx~.
 1.1. ANAITAHP'oTEL I:' ENA I:XOAEIO AAAI,OTIKO AITO T AAM 37

EOEL<;EX£'tE Xa.1toLO «ana.» nou oa<; EgX£'tat 010 I1llaAO, xaSw<; rnv aXO'lJTE va
avan"C'\)OOEL "Cl]v natOaywYLx~ CPLAooocpLa "Cl]<;;Av Vat, xga"C~O"CE"Co YLa agyo-
"CEga, o tov Sa Xa.VOWE 010 KEcpa.Aato 3.1. xgmx~ rorv £1tLI1EgOll<;SEOEWV,
Ilcvtox, 0 x. rrEgLxA~<;, rtou agEoXETaL LOLaL"CEgava ollvoLaAEYE"Cat I1E "Cl]
ownoLVLoa EllSWLa, EVW Ol]AWVEL O"CL0WCPWVEL l1a~L "Cl]<;yta "Cl] Ol]l1aOLa rcov
oLangoOW1tLxWV xru OllVatOSl]l1anXWV 0XEOEWV Xat rcov El1nELgLwv, "Cl]<;XgEW-
VEL <<1toAmx~ acpo..ELa», OLon OEV OllVELOl]lOnOLEL on OEV llna.gxollv YV~OLE<;,
wonl1E<; xat ELALxgLvEL<;0XEOEL<;.AV"CLS£"Ca,OL0XEOEL<;cvcorttiooovtcn 0"CO nAaL-
oro XOLVWVLXWV, OLXOVOI1LXWVXat nOAL"Cw"CLxwv LEgagXLwv, n<; onoLE<; EXcpga.-
~OllV xat avanaga.yollv. rEVLX£1)OVTa<; "Cl] Oll~~"Cl]Ol] Xat SEAOVTa<; va El1nAESEL
oAoll<; rotx ollvaOEAcpoll<; rou OE a1J"C~v, rou; EgW"Ca.:«[La"CL OEV ~Ol]Sa."CE tou;
l1aSl]"CE<;oa<; va OOllV O"CL"COELOO<;Xat l] nouitnro trov 0XEOEWV xaSogL~oV"Cat
coto naga.yov"CE<; onw<; ELVat l] SEOl], l] XOLVWVLX~ ngoEAEllOl] Xat "Co cpuAo;»
All"CO, rou; ESl]YE(, Ol]l1aLVEL on OEV EXOllV OAOL OL a.vSgwnoL "CL<; LOLE<;EllXatgLE<;
ava.n"CllSl]<; 0XEOEWV xrn OEV ~LWVOllV oAoL rnv LOLa nOLO"Cl]Ta 0XEOEWV. Aurr]
l] OLacpogonOLl]Ol] E1t£SEgya.~E"Cat n<; XOLVWVLXE<;aVWO"Cl]"CE<;.EOEL<;,w<; l1aS'Y]"CE<;
naALo"CEga Xat w<; CPOL"C'Y]"CE<;
"Cwga, EXE"CEEl1nELgLE<;nou Em~E~atWVOllV "CL<; SEOEL<;
rou X. rrEgLxA~; AwSavS~xmE nO"CE01:L ELaTE OE ~tELOVExnx~ SEOl], OE 0XEOl] I1E
a.nOll<;, YLa A.6YOll<; oav alllOu<; nOll avacpEgEL 0 x. rrEgLxA~<;;
BL~ALa OTa onoLa avacpEg£"Cat OllXVa. l] ownOLvL<; Avan"CllsonouAoll, EX"CO<;
ano "COLxwLO(jvVai1t)-c~ IIat(jaywyt)-c~ rov IIQoOWJioV, ELVat 'Y]IIat(jaywytX~
TT/~MEQti1Va~ (Caring Pedagogy), "Cl]<;CPEI1LVLO"Cgta<; natoaywyou N. Noddings,
Experience and Education lOll 1. Dewey (1938, aTl]V Enl]VLX~ I1E"Ca.cpgao'Y]"COu
1952), Otlw(joi1wvra~ TT/rVWOT/ Xat H LVVaLOeT/ilanX~ NOT/iloovvT/ "COUD.
Goleman (AS~va: Enl]VLXa. [ga.l1l1ma, 1996). Ano oloaxnx~<; nAEuga.<;, Xg'Y]-
atl10nOLEL OUO"C'Y]l1mlxa. "Cl] L"Cgml]YLx~ "Cl]<;0l1a600uvEgya"Clx~<; L1LOaoxaALa<;
(~A. Mmoayyouga<; 2002: 509-536), ana. I1EOlacpog£"ClxO nVEUl1a ano au"Co "COu
x. I1EglXA~ (nou EnLOl]<; xgl]atl10nOLEL "Cl]V LOta oL6ax"Clx~ O"Cga"Cl]Ylx~), Xat "Cl]
L"Cga"Cl]YLx~ "Cl]<;Ka"CEuSUVOI1EV'Y]<;L1LEgEUVl]Ol]<; (~A. Matoayyouga<; 2002: 493-
508), xaSw<; Xat a.nE<; o"Cga"C'Y]YLxE<; EnOlXOOOI1l]onx~<; XUgLW<; cpUOl]<;.

H KQ EmOTT711TJ
EAwBcponouAou
To ovol1a E1tLo"C~I1l] ELVat aouv~SLOlO, ana. yLOg"Ca.~El on<; 5 NOEI1~gLOU l1a~L
I1E "COVanoo"CoAo <PlAoAoyo. LUl1n"CwOl], E; 0 na"CEga<; "Cl]<;~"Cav CPlAOAoyo<;! H
LOla xagllOAoywv"Ca<; AEEl: «ME ~a.nnoav E1tLO"C~I1l], ana. SEAw o"Cav YEga.OW
"CanatOLa. va I1Ecpwva.~OUV "YLaYLa. LocpLa"». 'EXEL, ~AEnE"CE,I1la OLX~ "Cl]<;a.nolV'Y]
yta "Cl] 0XEOl] E1tLO"C~I1l]<;
Xat oocpLa<;, nou aSL~El va "C'Y]vXOU~EV"Cla.OELxavEL<;.
H xa Enw"C~I1l] EAEuSEgonouAou SEWgEL on Ta nga.Yl1a"Ca ELVat nOAu
anAa.. To 0xoA£Lo ELVat OllVWVWO I1E "C'Y]oLoaoxaALa, "C'Y]I1a.Sl]Ol] Xat "Cl] yvwo'Y]
 HArM f. MATI:AffOYPM 1.1
38

nou fla~ nQoacpEQO'UV OL £nWT~flE~. OAOL OL 'UnOAOLnOL OTOXOLTY]~ExnaLOE'UOYj~ xotY]ta TO'U x.

£LVCtLxaAOL XCtLo.YWL, ano. EQXOVTCtLfl£To., YLa OVO AOYO'U~:TIQWTOV, OLon OTCt OE'{'{WY]. To n'
AvaA'Unxo. nQOYQo.~lflaTCt XCtLOTY]OXOALX~ VOfl08£OLa L£QaQXLxo. TOn08ET£LTCtL rcou TO'U~ XWQ
nQWTCt Y] YVWOY] XCtL ~l£To. OL 'UnOAOLnE~ EmOlWS£l~ TO'U 0XOA£LO'U. LTY] OXOALX~ ~lOVO~ flE uero
YVWOY] aocpaAW~ avacpEQOflaOT£ £fl£L~ OL 0o.0xaAOL o tcv A¬ ~lE«~lo.8Y]~la», «wQa H aA~8ElC
YLa flo.8Y]fla TWQa!», «noto ; 8a ~lCt~nEL TO ~lo.8y]fla;», ~ OTCtV Ol yOV£L~ QWTOVV ~l1l:0QOV~l£va .
to nCtLOLo. TO'U~, xa8w~ a'UTo. Y'UQL~O'UVano TO 0XOA£LO, «ti flo.8CtT£ O~~l£Qa;». n~l~ooWl£. 3E
L'l£VT£QOV, OLon OAE~ Ol 'UnOAOl1l:£~ £mOLWSEL~ TY]~ £xnaLOE'UOY]~ -onw~ £LVCtLY] «OL EVVOL£~£('
avo.nT'USy] OTo.0£WV XCtL aSLWV, Y] XOLVWVLxonOLYjOy], Y] avo.nT'USYj 'UnEv8'Uvwv OO'UA£VEL~lEE'
XCtLEV£QYWV nOALTWV, Y] xcrcvonon TO'U ECt'UtOV ~lCt~,rou o.no'U xru ty]~ XOLVW- TWV ~0Y]8o.El (
VLa~- nQoiin08EtO'UV flLa OtEQECt ~o.0Y] EYX'UQWV YVWOEWV, n~ orcote; £saocpa- AaLwoY]~ £LVaL
Al~O'UV OL £mOt~fl£~. ME o.na AOYW, Y] YVWOY]avanTVOOEL TO o.tOflO, OL£'UQVV£L '(lCt TY]V smo t
tOY XOO~LOrou, aJtEA£'U8EQWV£L tY] OXE'ljJY]rou. «Av8Qwreo~ aYQo.fl~latO~, SVAO EmOTy]f.tOVlX~
areEAExy]TO», EA£yav OL reaAwe. To «YQo.~lflaTCt», OY]Aao~ oi YVWO£L~, avoLY°'UV L'lLacpEQo'U
r« ~lo.tLa tcu av8Qwreo'U. I'i' «uto OL aQxalOL 'EnY]v£~ flLAovoav Yla EAEV8E(}W; Ovo ~l£'{o.A£r; )
aJTov8E~. 0 LWXQo.TY]~ 'UreOOT~QlS£ on Y] En£L'ljJy] YVWOY]~(=o.yvOla) £LVCtLCtLtLa xm avacpEQop
tWV Aa8wv nou Xo.V£L 0 o.v8Qwreo~ XCtL 0 XQWtO~ x~Q'US£ on Y] aA~8£La, OY]Aa- reov TOre08ETC

O~ Y] areoA'UtYj YVWOy], ~lCt~£A£'U8EQWV£L.

TO remOL; r. A
Tore08ETEL TY]
Ln~ ~lEQ£~fla~, Y]YVWOY]ELVCtLTOOO oYj~lCtvnx~ XCtLavayxaLa no'U O£V re£QLo-
Ql~ETCtL OTCt oXOA£la XCtL ta TIavEmOt~fllCt. MLAo.flE reAEov YLa «XoLvwvLa ty]~ OEWEVl'] EreLO(
TO'U reCtLOlOV (:
YVWOy]9>!
fl' a'Uto Y] xa Emot~fly] CPQOVtL~£Lva naLQvEl reo.vta tY]v T£to.QtY] to.sy]· EL- OtY]~lOVlX~~ Y
Eflfl£Oa xm 0 l
VCtLtOtE reo'U OL fla8Y]tE~, xato. tOY Bruner, JtEQvovv ano TY]Vacpy]Yy]flanx~ OXE-
0£'U0l']~ OTY]V I
'ljJY]Oty] AOYLxo-~la8Y]~latlX~ OXE'ljJY]TY]~£JtWt~fly]~· 8EAEL areo tY]V aQX~ va ~o.A£l
AvareT'USoreO'l
n~ ~o.0EL~ Yla tY]V £mOTY]~lovLX~ yvwoY] XCtL tOY £nwTY]~tOVlXO tQono OXEnTE-
TO naLOL xm ,
08CtL. H Emot~fly], xaTo. TY]V o.reo'ljJ~ ty]~ ElVCtLOVo OE Eva: XCtLyvwoY] XCtLOXE'ljJY]'
OAOXA~QWOY] .
XCtL, flo.ALOTCt, XQLtLX~ OXE'ljJY], no'U anOtEA£l ~Y]tOVfl£vO TY]~ £xreaLO£'UoY]~. fl'
LV~lcpwva
a'UTo Ol£'UXQlVL~£l: «L'll0o.0XW TY]V £moTY]~loVlX~ yVWOl'] OYj~lCtLV£lon fla~L fl£ to
EXreCtLO£Unxo
"n" tWV yvwo£wv Ol0o.0XW XCtL to "nw~" to'U tQono'U fl£ tOY oreoLo OXEret£tCtL
o XOO~LOr;TY]~E
xal £Qyo.~ETCtLflE8000AOYLXo. 0 £mot~~tOva~». M£QLxE~ CPOQE~reQo08EtEL OTO'U~
Oa: OE a'UTOVr;
TQono'U~ OXE'ljJYj~XCtL ~l£8000AOYlX~~ £QyaoLa~ XCtL to'U~ YAwomxov~ tQoreo'U~
va OW~lOQCPW'
EXCPQaoY]~tYj~ £mOt~~lY]~. OAa a'Uto., AE£L, areaQtL~o'UV tOY A£YOflEVO Emarr]-
va avaretVS01
/lOV~XO Eyy(}af.,l/wrw/lo. EmoYj~lCtLVEL, flo.AwTCt, '{La va EVlOXVOEL n~ 8EOEL~ty]~,
OtQCtToJtEoa (
on OTOV £Y,{Qafl~lCttW~lO Y] XWQa fla~ cpaLVETCtLva 'UOtEQ£L, OV~lcpwva XCtL fl£ ta
OlacpOQETlxo.
OtOLX£La tWV Ex8EO£WV PISA.
BL~ALa OTt
Av ~tav o'UvatOV, 8a ~8£".£ va ELX£ to'U~ LOlO'U~fla8Y]TE~ XCtL on~ OVO £reo-
vr(}~x~ L'w5ao
fl£v£~ To.SEL~, aAAo. 0 xaVOVW~lO~ A£LTO'UQ'{La~ TO'U 0XOA£LO'U O£V £JtLTQEreELva
/lOV~xO~ Jioye
EX£L Eva~ 0o.0xaAo~ reo.vw area OVO XQOVLE~ tY]V LOW to.sy]· TotE TO'U~ naLQVEL
0'Uxvo. Ta O~lCt
0'Uv~8w~ 0 X. L'lL£'U8'Uvt~~, '{La va to'Ur; £TOL~lo.0£L'{La to fWwo.mo, orew~ £Lnafl£·
296), ano. xo
H xa EmoT~~lY], £vw ava'{vwQL~£L TY]V areot£A£OflaTLxotY]ta XCtLtY] o'UOty]flatL-
 1.1. ANAnAHPDTE 2;'ENA2;XOAEIOAAAIDTIKO xno T AAAA 39

XOTYI1;a TOU X. L'lL£u8uVT~, o£v mOT£v£L on OUV£XL~£LaXQL~w<; T'Y]OLX~ T'Y]<;nQo-

OEyyL01']. To naQo.~£vo £LVaL on 0 x. fQ'Y]yoQ'Y]<;o£v avnAafl~o.v£TaL T'Y]OLacpoQo.
n.ou TOU<;XWgL~£L. AnWOT£, XaL aUTo<; o£v £LVaL £moT~flova<;, XaL WXALOTa 0
uovo; ue ~l£wnTuXlaxo OTL<;EnLOT~fl£<; T'Y]<;ExnaLO£U01']<; (M, Ed.);
H aA~8£La £LVaL on oLaL08avo~LaOT£ T'Y]OLacpoQo. ~l£Ta~v TOU<;, ano. Sev
~lJtOQOVfl£ va T'Y]VolaTunwooufl£, vo T'Y]VavaAvooufl£ XaL, ~£~aLw<;, va T1']Vcoro-
tunioouue. :::EQW, O~lW<;,on £LVaL mo nl8avo 'Y]xu EnLOT~fl1'] va Jt£l n<; CPQo.0£L<;
«OL EVVOL£<;£LVaL ~aoLxE<; OO[lE<;T'Y]<;OXE'ljJ'Y]<; XaL T'Y]<;yvwo'Y]<;» XaL «'Y]£moT~fl'Y]
OOUA£V£l ue EVVOL£<;»,xru 0 x, fQ'Y]yoQ'Y]<;TL<;CPQo.0£L<;«'Y]XQ~o'Y] TWV nQooQyavw-
TWV ~0'Y]8o.£L 0'Y]flavTLxo. T'Y]flo.8'Y]0'Y]» XaL «'Y]ouoT'Y]flanx~ XQ~o'Y] T'Y]<;avax£cpa-
AaLwo'Y]<;£LVaL OTOLX£LOT'Y]<;anOT£AWflaTLX~<; oLoaoxaALa<;». 'Iow<;, 'Y]~lLa ~lLAo.£L
yw T'Y]VmLOT'Y]~loVLX~ ngooEYYLO'Y] T'Y]<;OXOALX~<; yvwo'Y]<; XaL 0 o.no<; YLa T'Y]V
£moT'Y]~loVLX~ nQooEYYLO'Y] T1']<;oLoaoxaAla<;,
L'lLacpEQouv, O~lW<;,XaL O£ xo.n axo~l'Y], rtou £LVaL o'Y]flavnxo XaL XWQl~£L O£
0130 ~l£yo.A£<; xaT'Y]yoQL£<; TOU<;naLoaywyov<; XaL TOU<;oaoxo.Aou<; T'Y]<;nQo.~'Y]<;'
XaL avacpEQoflaL OTOV TQono ~l£ TOV oxoio cotcvtouv OTO uno~ooxov £QwT'Y]fla:
nov torcoflstoiiv T'Y]ovva~l'Y] T'Y]<;£xnaLo£uo'Y]<;, «ueoo» OTO naLO( ~ «E~W» ana
TO naLOL; TL AET£, noto £LVaL 'Y]8EO'Y]TOU<;;KaAo. TO [laVTE'ljJaT£, 0 x, fQ'Y]YOQ'Y]<;
Ton08£T£L T11ovvafl'Y] T1']<;£xnaLo£uo'Y]<; oacpw<; «E~W» ana TO naLO(, OT'Y][l£80-
O£WlEV'Y]£nLogao'Y] TOU oaoxo.Aou, XaL 'Y]xc EA£u8£QonovAou OT'Y]OUVo.VT'Y]0'Y]
TO'U naLOLOV W<;ox£nTo~L£v'Y]<; OVTOT'Y]W; ~l£ T'Y]AOYLX~ T'Y]; OVYXQOT'Y]~lEV'Y]<; em-
OT'Y]~LOVLX~;yvwo'Y]<;. BE~aLa, ~l£ co« vnooT'Y]QL~£L 0 x, fQ'Y]yoQ'Y]<;oLacpwvovv
E~L~lwa XaL OL o.nol 0130, crpoti 0 x. I1£QlXA~; Ton08£T£L T'Y]ovva~L'Y] T'Y]<;£xnaL-
o£vo'Y]<; OT'Y]V aAA'Y]AmLoQao'Y] TOV aTo~lou [l£ TO XOLVWVLXO OVVOAO XaL 'Y]xa
AvanTv~onovAov on<; WWT£QLXE<; OVVo.fl£L<; avo.nTv~'Y]<; nov xaTEX£L £YY£VW<;
TO naLOL XaL OL onoC£<; TO OO'Y]Yovv, av TO ~0'Y]8~0£L XaL TO n£QL~o.nov, OT1']V
OAOXA~gWO'Y] T'Y]; aVTOnQaY~Lo.TwO~<; TOU,
LV~lcpwva ~l£ ooa 8vfloflaoT£ ana TO I1av£moT~flLO, OWV naLOaywYOL XaL
£XnaLO£VTLXOL OVv£Lo'Y]TonOL'Y]oav aVT~v T'Y]VTOOO o'Y]flavnx~ olacpoQonoC'Y]o'Y],
o XOO~LO;T'Y]<;£xnaCo£vo'Y]<; n~g£ o.n'Y] 0'ljJ'Y],XWQC08'Y]x£ O£ OVO fl£yo.Aa OTQaTon£-
oa: O£ aVTov<; nou £mX£LQovv ~L£n; naQqL~o.0£L<; «an' E~W» va £n'Y]Q£o.00uv XaL
va Ota~LOQCPWoOUvXaTo. TO OOXOVV TO naLOl, XaL O£ avTOv<; nov aywvC~OVTaL
va avanTv~ovv n<; WWT£QLXE; OVVo.~l£L; T'Y]<;av8Qwmv1']<; cpvo'Y];. Ta OVO aUTO.
OTQaTon£oa avnAa[l~o.voVTaL TO naLoC, T'Y]V £xnalO£VO'Y] XaL TOV QOAO TOV;
OLacpOQ£TLxo. XaL, ~£~aCw;, OLamOTWVOUfl£ on OL0o.0xouv XaL Owcpog£TLxo.!
BL~ALa ow onoCa 'Y]xa EnLOT~fl'Y] Xo.V£L OVXvo. avacpoQo. £CVaL H EVVOWXE-
VTQlX~ LlloaoxaUa, H Llw8E!lCXUXOTllW oTlll:xoAlx~ rwiJoll XaL 0 E:rcWTll-
!LOVlXO~Jioyo~ ow l:XOAlX6 EYXELQ(OW.LT'Y] OLoaxnx~ nQo.~'Y] XQ'Y]OL~LOnOl£C
OVXvo. W Oflaooovv£Qyanxo. LXEOLa EQyaoCa; (~A, MawayyouQa; 2004: 253-
296), ano. XaL oTgaT'Y]YlxE<; nou OCvouv E[lcpaoYJ OTYJ()lOaOxaA(a £VVOLWV XaL
 HArAL r. MATIArrOYPAL 1.1.
40

Y£VlX£UO£WV(BA. MaLoayyouQa~ 2002: 389-387), xa8w~ Xal OTllV smo rqp.ovt- «'\jJaYIlEVO'tJ~»,
onoLa 611Awv£1
x~ 6l£Q£UVllOll (BA. MawayyouQa~ 2002: 493-508).
X'tJXAOCPOQouv
YQa~Lf.taW,8a
H «a «flouM-raa» xaAuT£Qa Xal
Onw~ OWOTa'tJn08£oaT£, LO «6.0'tJALwa» 6£v £LVal LO nQaYllaLlxo ovouri Tyt~, Ttc TOV x.
ana nQOOWYUf.tWnou Tyt~ aJtoM8ytx£ 6l0Tl O'tJxva OLl~ oU~llT~o£l~ Il£ TO'tJ~ EYQacpaTLnOT!
0'tJva6EAcpo'tJ~Tll~ avacpEQEl Ll~ CPQaO£l~«EXWTyt 60'tJALwa 1l0U» Xal, X'tJQLW~, LlO£, O~LW~, civ

«xdvr» Tll 60'tJALToa uou», anav't(6vTa~ ETOl OTO'tJ~JtQoBAllf.taLlOIlOU~Xal OLl~ OTOV«£sou8n

aVLlnQOTaOEl~ TWVanWV. «AnWOT£», o'tJf.tnAllQWV£l«£f.t£L~Ll £Lf.taOT£;AJtAOL no L11011 Xal Tll
6aOXaAOl. Mv £Lf.taOT£OUT£'\jJ'tJXOAoym("Xaf.tnaVaXl" Yla Tll 6wnmvL6a E'tJ- 60'tJAEla nou x
8WLa), OUT£nOALHXOL("xaf.tnaVaXl" Yla TOVX. Il£QlXA~), OUT£n'tJQllvlxOL rpu- nxo Yla ~La~E
OlXOL("xa~lJtaVaXl" Yla tnv xc EmoT~f.tll)>>. 'Ef.tf.tw£~ avacpoQE~ OLOVx, [H£'tJ- S£Qo'tJvano JtC
8'tJVT~6£v XaV£l, LOW~6l0Tl o'tJyy£v£UEl OLl~ nal6aywYlxE~ avnA~'\jJEl~ f.ta~Ltcu nou aVn~l£LWJ
n£QwooT£QO ano OAO'tJ~TO'tJ~ano'tJ~, nou TOU~BQLOX£l«£XTO~». Eva xaAuT£Qo
IlQ£n£l v« LO 6l£UXQlVLOOUf.t£OLlll xa «6.o'tJALwa» 6£v EX£l xaf.tLa 0XEOll f.t£ £mf.toQCPwoll~
LOV x. XaAaQonouAo-Po'tJLlvL611, no'tJ 8a 60uf.t£ naQaXaTW. ELVal T'tJmxowTll AaBalV£ TytVx
OLl~ 'tJnoXQ£wo£l~ Tll~. IlQOXWQa£l XaVOVlXa Ta ~ta8~~LaTa, £LVal SWT~ f.t£ Ta IlQo~ 'to n
nal6La Xal JtOAUnQoo£xLlX~ f.t£TO'tJ~yOV£L~.AJtAW~ 6£v 8EA£LTa «JtaQanavw», O'tJV£X£L~ XQOV
Ta «£VaAAaXLlXa», JtO'tJXaV£L 0 6.L£'tJ8'tJVT~~, Xal, aocpaAw~, TL~Ba8L£~ ava- naQouv m L6l<
EX£l 0 It. AXll(
AUOEl~no'tJ £mXElQouv m «'\jJaYf.tEVoL».IlQoona8£L va ll11v S£XWQL~Elano TOV
IlEOO Tuno 6aOXaAOU OUT£nQo~ Ta «naVW», aAAa OUT£Xal nQo~ Ta «XaTW». axollll «WQlf.tO
Qall£LV£LOTO(
AJt06£LSll OLl naQaxoAou8110£ Xal aUT~ Tllv «£SOIlOLWOll»,onw~ Xal Ol Jt£-
QWOOT£QOLano 'to'tJ~ 6aOXaAOU~ no'tJ T£A£Lwoav n~ 6L£T£L~Axa611f.tL£~.Kal, AOYO~Tll~ £x£
XOWl£ w~ ava:
LOUAaXW'tOV Eva AOYOL£XVLXO BLBALO'to 6wBa~£l Ta xaAoxaLQla. AnWOT£,
EX£lXal Tll CPQovTL6aTll~ OLXOyEV£W~.LxoA£Lo Xal onLn, Ta 6uo f.ta~L6£v acp~-
vouv f.t£yaAa n£Ql8wQw yw Jtona-nona. IlaQaALYo va s£Xaow va oa~ nw 'to o auv6&Acpoc
nQaYf.taTlxo Tll~ ovolla: LLa TumxL60'tJ. Mll f.t£QWTaT£ano nou ByaLv£l TO LLa,
To OVOlla 'tOt
6£v s£Qw va oa~ nw yw Ta JtaALa Y'tJValX£LaunOXOQWLlXa Tunou LLa, LLwa,
0XL 1l0VOAOY(J
TLTll Xal Ilonll. MnoQw O~LW~ va oa~ nw OLl f.tW f.tEQa,f.t£Ta ano f.tLa8'tJ£nw611
XalQo JtQWLO
Ouv£6QLaoyt, ono'tJ m 6lacpOQ£LLXE~nal6aYWYLXE~ l6£OAOYL£~0'tJyxQou0811xav
KQllnxo~ - Ilo
EVTova Xal 0 x. Il£QlXA~~ 6£v IlnoQ£O£ va «n£QaO£L» Tl~ JtQOTaO£l~LOU, axou-
mOTwoall£ 01
OTytX£va f.to'tJQf.tOUQL~£LayavaxTwIlEvO~: «ELOT£oAm oa~ 'to L6w' T'tJmxL60'tJ
YXQTJnx6~, OJ
Xal LLa!» AOOOCPLX~ Ta(
llaTa. 0 x. 6.
o K. AKT]C; XaAaponouAoc; - POUTlv[oT]C; 0'tJVa6£ACPO~ (
XaL £X£(VO~01
o It. XaAaQoJto'tJAO~-PO'tJLlVL6yt~-6£v
Ef.ta8a nOTE 'to BaJtTlOTLXOTO'tJovof.ta,
~l£LaV£WT£QLl1
YlaTL oAm TOV cpwva~ouv AXll, OUT£ XaTaAaBa YlaTL EXEl 6uo wC8£La- 6la- 'E~lIlOVll l
CPWV£L OLWJtllQW~XaL £f.tnQaXTW~f.t£ OAO'tJ~LO'tJ~«xo'tJA'tO'tJQlaQ1l6£~»Xal 'to'tJ~

Itlttlt"ttIU""tl"""""t'."lttttl
 1.1. ANATIAHPDTEL:~' ENA ~XOAEIO Ai\J\InTIKO ATIO T AAAA 41

«'\IJaY!-lEVOU~»,on(J)~ rou; anOXaAEl. Au'to~ EXElTY][HX~ 'tOU «CPlAOOOcpla»,TY]V

orcotc OljAWVEl Eu8aQow~ OE Xa8E EuxmQ(a. «EL!-laO'tE», AEEl, «OEljAlXla non
XUXAOCPOQOUV non6. eyXEcpaAlXa. D.EVXQElaSELm SOQl.'Gam Elvm va !-la80uv
YQ6.!-l!-law, 8a !-la80uv, on(J)~ !-la8a!-lE xm E!-lE(~.An(J)O'tE, a~ !-la~ nAljQwooUv
xaAu'tEQa xal 'to'tE ~AEnOU!-lE».
fla 'tOY x. XaAaQonouAo- Pounvton, xa't(J) ano anE~ OUV8~XE~OEV 8a
EYQacpa'tlno'tE, on(J)~ OEV8a YQa'tj!(J)xm yw !-lEQlXO'\)~anou~. ME nQO~Alj!-la-
nOE, O~l(J)~,«v uutov EVVOEllj nmoaYWYlX~ ~l~AWYQacp(a, oruv avacpEQELm
O'tOV «d;ou8EV(J)!-lEVOOaOXaAO» (burn out teacher). Ilooororcoxotsf rnv runo-
nO(ljolj xm 'tlj Qou't(va, !-lE'tlj ouvEnaxoAou8lj nA~Slj· rrA~'t'tEl xm au'to~ !-lE'tlj
OOUAElanon XaVEL,0!-l(J)~nEQLooo'tEQOnAi\'t'touv OL!-la8lj'tE~ rou. To aVljouXlj-
nxo yw !-la~ E(vm on 0 x. AXlj~ OEV~'tav naV'tO'tE E'tm, on(J)~ AEVE000l LOV
SEQOUVano naALa. 'EYLVEo rnv nOQE(a, !-lELa!-laAW'ta ano XanOla nQO~A~!-laW
rtou aV'tL!-lELWmOE.D.EVSEQ(J)cv ot U'tj!ljAO'tEQE~a!-lOl~E~8a 'tOY anasav, ana
Eva xaAu'tEQo ExnmoEunxo ouo'tlj!-la !-lEEuxmQ(E~ ouoico nxrj; xm oWQxou~
EnL~loQCP(J)Ol]~ xm O't~QLSlj~'tou ExnmOEunxou nW'tEU(J) O'tL OlyouQa 8a nQo-
Aa~mVE 'tljV xa'taO'taOlj.
rrQO~ 'to naQov 0 D.LEu8uv't~~ CPQOV't(SEL
va !-lljV na(QVEl 0 x. AXlj~ yw OUO
OUVEXE(~XQOVlE~'tljV (oLa 'taSlj xm ol o6.oxaAOl LOU 0XOAElOUCPQov't(souv va
naQouv ol (OWL'tljV 'taSlj LOU nmowu LOU~,av UnaQXELlj m8avo'tlj'ta va 'tljV
EXEl0 X. AXlj~ XaAaQonouAo~-POU'tLV(Olj~. To xaxo ElVaL on OEVnQOO!-lELQa
axo!-llj «wQL!-la ouv'taSWOO'tLXa oLxmw~w'ta», nou Olj!-lalVEl on au'to~ 8a na-
Qa!-lElVEl0't0 OUYXEXQL!-lEVO OXOAElO,nou Elvm xm O'tlj YElLOVLaLOU (WxuQo~
AOYO~'tl]~ EXEl naQa!-lovi\~ LOU), yw aQXELa XQovLa axo!-llj, EVWE!-lEl~8a 'tQE-
XOU!-lEw~ avanAljQ(J)'tE~ EOWxm EXEl!

o auv65E;AcpoC; ITOxaar{oryc;, 0 Kpry(l}TlKOC;

To OVO!-laLOU OEV'to axou~ OUxva. 'GAOl 'tOY anoxaAouv «0 KQljnxo~», xm
OXl ~lOVOAOY(J)xa'taywy~~ on(J)~8a Xa'taAa~E'tE. E!-lEl~,~E~ma, o'tav !-lE'ta ano
XaLQO nQ(J)LO-axOuOa!-lELO EltWVU!-lO'tOU VO!-llOa!-lEO'tl Elvm rrovno~, ana
KQlj'tLXO~- rrovno~ OEVylVELm. LUV'tO!-la, 0!-l(J)~,nAljQocpoQlj8~xa~lE xm OLa-
mO'twoa~lE on E(vm Eva~ xQmxo~ KQljnxo~ xm 0Xl, ~E~ma, anAw~ Eva~ ou-
YXQTJnxo~, on(J)~ 0 (OW~ aULOOaQXaSELm, !-lEoacp~ avacpoQ6. o'tlj yV(J)o't~ CPl-
AOOOCPLX~ 't6.0lj11 onola nQoona8E( aVEm'tuxw~ va OUYXEQaOElaVO!-lOla nQay-
!-la'ta. 0 x. D.lEU8uv'ti\~ !-la~ 'tOY naQouolaoE AEyov'ta~ on «Elvm 0 VEW'tEQO~
OUV6.0EAcpO~ aLO 0XOAElO,nou ~w~~Q8EnEQum xm CPEQVEL o,n mo VE(J)'tEQLXO»,
xm EXElVO~OU!-lnA~Q(J)oE (J)~0XOAW ~ (J)~oLoQ8wolj -OEVXaWAa~a!-lE- «O,'tLmo
~lELavE(J)'tEQlXO!».MnEQoE!-la YLa 'ta XaAa.
'E~l!-lOVlj LOEa LOU XQL'tLXOUOUVaOEA.cpou,nou OLxmWVEl 'to EnL8E'to 'tau,

"ulun,,,
42 HArJU: f. MATIAffOYPJU:

£(vm ·W OlAllJ.1J.1U'tU, OL uvncpa(Jfl~ xm OL (JUYXQOU(Jfl~ tl]~ £xna(6£1J0l]~. Av

6£v tOY X01J~£VtLaO£Li;xm osv Xm;aAa~EL~ tL aXQL~w~ evvost, £(vm £VXOAOvex
tOY naQ£~l]Y~OEL~ W~ Evav aHonaQflEvo Aov KLXWtl] tl]~ £xna(6£1J0l]~, n01J
oxwflaX£( ue CPaVtaOflata.
L"tL~ oo~aQE~ 01J~l]"t~OEL~,evoi £mxQo"t£( rnv nQOOna8£La rcov naAmo"t£-
QWV01JVa6EAcpwvvt: nQo06woo1Jv tuutotnt« O"t"O£naYY£Afla "t"01J~ xm oacp~
nQooava"t"OALoflo O"t"OEQYO"t"01J~,wu"t0XQova "t01J~£mxQ(vEL, 6LOtL £JtEA£~av
"t"OV£VXOAO6QOflO "t01Jflov06LaOW"tOU nQooava"toALOfloV, onw~ £(vm YLa nn-
Qa6£LY~W 0 YVWOLO-X£V"t"QLXO~ ~ XOLVWVLO-X£V"tQLXO~ nQooava"t"OALOflo~, xm
«vvooiiv W xa(QLa £Qw"t~~ww nou 8E"tOUVOL1JnOAOLnOL£vaHaxtLxo( nQo-
oaVatoALO~LO(.AXO~ll] n£QLooo"t£Qo, flaALO"ta, "t"OU~ £mxQ(v£L 6LOtL 6£v nQo~Al]-
~w"t(~ov"tm YLa "tL~£vaAAax"tLxE~ «nvcvvoxrsu;», OLono(£~, xa"ta "tl] «ueruveto-
"t£QLX~»£nox~ rtou 6Lavvoufl£, EXOUVavan"tux8£( flEoa O£xa8Evav coto «uroii;
"t01J~nQooava"toALO~LOV~.rw naQa6£LY~W, OAOLOLYVWOLO-X£V"t"QLXO( osv EXOUV
rnv (6La aV"t"(Al]'ljJl]yw "tl] CPVOl]"tl]~ yvWOl]~. AHOL "tl]v 8£wQovv aXQL~~ xm
~£~a(a, xm aHoL OX£tLX~ xm ~l]toVfl£Vl], xd n rtou VOflL~£Lo n ayvoovv OL
1JnOAOLJtOL 01JVa()£AcpOL, «xouc xm l] xc EmO"t~~Ll]. .6.VOXOAOva rov Xa"taAa-
~EL~tL 8EA£l va mL aXQL~W~.
OL aHOL 01JVa6£AcpOL,~E~ma, EX01JVE"tOLfll]"tl]v anav"tl]Ol]: «OnoLO~ XU-
Vl]ya£l noHov~ Aayov~ XaVEL xm "tov Eva». 0 x. I1£QLXA~~,n01J £Lvm mo
()La~aOflEvo~ O£ a1J"ta, OXOALa~£tOtL ()£V £Lvm £VXOAOva 01JV6UaO£Lxav£L~
£vaHaxnxov~ xm aHl]AOouYXQOUOfl£VOU~ nQooava"t"oALoflOV~. YnaQX£L na-
vw 0 xLv6uvo~ "twv anAo·LxwV 01JYXQl]tL0flWV,£vo~ «naonaQ"tov» ()l]Aa6~, "t01J
"tvnou «ALYOan' oAa», nou o"tl]v 01JOLa()£V £Lvm "tLno"ta. To xaAv"t£Qo n01J
EXfL va XaV£L 0 ()aOXaAO~, xma "tov x. I1£QLXA~,£Lvm va £mAE~£Loacpw~ "t"OV
(XOLVWVLXO)nQooava"t"OALo~lO"t01Jxm ~aO£L au"tov va o"t"Oxao"t£L"t"L xm nw~
~lJtOQ£Lva £V"ta~£Lano "t"Ou~1JnOAOLnou~nQooava"t"OALOflov~.
o xQmxo~ OUVa()£ACPO~ ()£V()Lacpwv£Lxm nOAv fla~L "tOU,aHa £mOl]flaLV£L
OtL 6£v nQEn£L va aQXLOO1Jfl£fl£ XanOLa ano tL~ "tEOO£QL~nQoo£YYLO£l~ xm
anAw~ va «naonaALooWl£» ALYOO"tOXaoflo oav ~aXaQl] aXVl] navw O"t"OVnQo-
oava"t"OALoflo ~w~.AnL8£"ta, unoO"t"l]QL~fLOtL 0 o"t"Oxaoflo~ (nQEmL va) £Lvm 0
:rtQo(Juvu'toAwJ.16~, o"t"OnAaLmo "t01JOnOL01Jaywv(~f"t"m 0 ()aOXaAO~ va £v"ta-
~£L, xa"ta n£QLn"twOl], 01JV()1JaOtLXaxm £VaAAaXtLXa "ta Ol]~WV"tLXaO"tOLX£La
n01J aVa()£lXVV01JV Ol £m~LEQOU~ nQooava"tOALOflOL, ()LO"tLOAOL"t"01J~n£QtAa~l-
~aV01JVavayxaLa OtoLX£La nou ()£V flnOQ£L xaV£L~ va "ta ayvO~OfL. «.6.l]Aa6~,
o"t"OxaOtLXO~xm KQl]"tLXO~~W~L»,oXOALao£ XanOLO~. «Nm», ananl]O£ 0 V£(X-
QO~ OUVa6£ACPO~, «av YQaCP£L~"t"O xQmxo~ fl£ "YLw"ta". "L"toxaOtLxo-xQmxo~"!».
H aYYAocpwVl] ~L~ALOYQacpLaOVOfla~£La1J"tov "tOV"tvno ()aOXaAOu «Reflective
Teacher». Mn£~ o"t"O6w6LX"t1J0 xm 6£~ tL YLv£"tm: 55.000 avacpoQE~ MVEL "to
Google yw 10 reflective teacher xm 115.000 YLa "to reflective teaching!
 1.1. ANAI1AHPDTH I:' ENA I:XOAEIO AAAIDTIKO AI10 T' AAA}\ 43

AUTa A£El xm xaJtolol TOV ovoucccv «0 ... Jt£~lJtTO<;oQ6~0<;», EJtElO~ 1:0-

1w8ET~8YlXE 01:0 0XOAELO TEAEuTaLo<;, ~l6Al<; Jt£QUOl, xm Yl aJtot\!~ TOU ~Q8E xm
JtQoOT£8YlXE oru; T£OOEQl<;JtaYl(J)~£vE<; T(J)V JtaAm6TEQ(J)v. 0 LOlO<;aQvELTm 6Tl
aJtoTEAEL SEX(J)QLOT~OXOA~ xm OEV xouQa(;:,ETCll va EsYlYELo n 0 01:Oxao~l6<; xm
Yl XQlTlX~ avaA'lJOYl JtQ£JtEl v« aJtoTEAoUV OTolXELa xa8E JtQOO£YYLOYl<;,a~lYou<;
~ O'lJvO'lJaonx~<;. E~la<;, ~a<; £JtELOE6Tl Ol aJt6t\!El<; TO'lJ xm Ol JtQaxnx£<; 1:O'lJOEY
aJtoTEAoUV SEX(J)QLOT~OXOA~ ox£t\!Yl<;, ana JtOlOTlX~ OlaoTaoYl T(J)V EJtL~£QO'lJ<;
JtQOOqYLOE(J)V xm 1UJt(J)V. I'i' a'lJT6 xal OEV TOV 'lJJtOAOYL(;:,O'lJ~E (J)<;Jt£~lJtTO 1UJtO
OaoxaAO'lJ. Erven aA~8Ela o n 11EJtLAOY~ TO'lJ ~w<;YOllTEUEl!
Bl~ALa JtO'lJ Ola~a(;:,El 0 01:Oxaonxo-xQlTlx6<; O'lJVaOEAcpo<;ELvm: H'Eoevva
i1Qaol1C;,Oi Avtupcoeu; rl1C;EICna{8wol1C;, Ano rov TExvoICQarl1orov 2roxa-
OUICOEICnaLDEvuICO,The Dilemmas of Schooling T(J)V A. Berlack xm H. Berlack
(London: Methuen, 1981), The Reflective Practitioner TO'lJ D. Schon (New York:
Basic Books, 1983) xrn, ~£~ma, TO Becoming Critical T(J)V W. Carr xm S. Kemmis
OE EnllVlX~ ~ETaCPQaoll (Ex06oEl<; KwOlxa<; 1997).

II. Or AMOl ~UO KQl EI18lC; Ol Tp8lC;

YJtaQX0'lJv ax6~lll Ouo OaoxaAol OE a'lJT6 TO 0XOAELO, EXT6<;aJt6 E~a<; 1:O'lJ<;1QEl<;
avaJtAllQ(J)T£<;. LUVOAO, OllAaO~, OwOExa, EXT6<; aJt6 TOU<;ExJtmOEunxou<; T(J)V
ElOlXOT~T(J)V. Ttc a'lJTOU<;1:O'lJ<;OUO OEV xaTaAa~a~E JtQO<;TCl JtOU XALVO'lJV,~laA-
Aov cxouo «t\!aXVOVTm».
ME a'lJT~V rnv evvoic, OEV JtQ608wav xan OTO'lJ<;JtQO~All~laTLO~OU<; JtO'lJ
£XOWlE (J)<;V£Ol OaoxaAol. OXl 6n ot 'lJJt6AOlJtOl JtO'lJ JtEQlYQat\!a~E ~a<; ~0~811-
ocv lOWLTEQa v« xaQaSO'lJ~E JtOQELa xm vi: aQXLOO'lJ~lEv« Ola~OQCPwVOWE Tll
OlX~ ~w<;EJtaYYEA~laTlx~ Ta'lJT6TllTCl. Axsvcvttcc, ~w<;~lJt£QOEt\!av! I1~ya~E OTO
0XOAELO ue TO ayxo<; xm T11Va~E~m6TllTCl TO'lJV£O'lJOaoxaAO'lJ, ana xm ~lETllv
EAJtLOa 6n OTll OlaQXEla TO'lJ JtQW1:O'lJ~a<; XQ6vo'lJ 8a ~a80WE Ta OlOaxTlxa
«~l'lJonxa» TO'lJ EJtayy£A~WTO<;. AVTL aUTOU, avaxaAut\!a~lE 6Tl 'lJJtaQXO'lJV oo~a-
Qa OlA~~l~laTa xm 8E(J)QllTlxa EQ(J)T~~aTa ~lE JtQaxnx£<; JtQOExTaOEl<; JtO'lJ OEV
Ta ELxa~E 0'lJVElO1l1:OJtOl~OEl, 6Tav Ta ~lEAETouoa~E OTO I1aVEJtLOT~~llO. A'lJT6
aUV£~ll TWQa JtO'lJ Ta O'lJVaVT~Oa~lE JtQOO(J)JtOJtOlll~l£va OE 'lJJtaQx1:Ou<; oaoxa-
AO'lJ<;xm OE JtQay~wnx£<; 0'lJV8~XE<; 0XoAELO'lJ. LTO T£AO<;111<;XQOVla<; OEV cpuya~lE
~lE aJtaVT~OEl<; O'lJOTll~aTOJtOlll~£VE<;, aAAa ~E O'lJOTll~aTOJtOlll~£va EQ(J)T~~WTa
xm JtoAu JtQo~All~WTLO~l6. A'lJT6 ~Tav 1:0 x£QOO<; ~a<;! DQE<;-WQE<;VO~lL(;:,(J)6n
Jta~lE va ~OlaOO'lJ~lE TO'lJ KQYl(l)nxoU. i'.uoxoAa JtQaY~laTa! EOEL<;n A£TE;