1.

tingwei liu

2023年7⽉6⽇ 下午7:22:08

Hollow : adj.

1⃣ （EMPTY） adj.

Having a hole or empty space

inside

空的，空⼼的

習語↓

Hollow cheeks/eyes

凹陷的臉頰／眼窩

2⃣ （NOT SINCERE) adj.

(of situation, feeling, or

What Are The Most Important
words)without value, or not true or
sincere

（局⾯、情感或⾔語）無價值的，
Parts Of An Aircraft's Wing?
BY DR. OMAR MEMON PUBLISHED APR 23, 2023
空洞的，虛偽的

Ex.

While producing lift, modern wings aid in structural stability,

It was something of a hollow maneuverability, and fuel storage.
victory, she won the case but lost
all her savings in legal fees

這是⼀個毫無價值的勝利，她贏了
訴訟，卻也為此花光積蓄

3⃣ （SOUND）adj.

(of sound)as it made by hitting an

empty container

（聲⾳）空洞的，低沉的

Hollow : noun.

① a hole or empty space in

something, or a low area in a
surface

坑，洞

② a valley

⼭⾕ Photo: Vincenzo Pace I Simple Flying

Wings are among the most signi cant structural

2. tingwei liu

2023年7⽉6⽇ 下午7:22:29

components of an aircraft. While the primary purpose of a

Interval : noun
wing is to produce lift, it also aids in structural stability,

maneuverability, and fuel storage. Aircraft wings are

1⃣ （TIME/DISTANCE) noun.

designed to optimize overall performance at various stages
① the space between two points
within the desired ight envelope. Wings are made of
（兩點之間的）區間

Ex.

ef cient materials, including lightweight composites.

The plants should be spaced at 1 Wings are hollow on the inside, with a series of spars and
six-inch intervals.

這些植物應該以六英尺的間隔栽種

2 3 ribs located at speci c intervals. The spar is the internal

4 backbone of the wing running along the wingspan. Spars
② a period between two events or are manufactured to be extremely strong yet exible enough
times

間隔；間距
to possess a smooth ight during air turbulence. The ribs

③ a shore period between the

parts of performance or a sport
event

幕間休息；中場休息

2⃣ （MUSIC） noun.

The amount by which one note is

higher or lower than another

⾳程

3. tingwei liu

2023年7⽉6⽇ 下午7:23:03

Spar : noun.

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 A strong pole, especially one used

as a most to hold the sail on a ship

（尤指船上⽤作桅桿的）圓材

Spar : verb

① to practise boxing without

hitting hard

（作為練習）輕拳出擊

② to argue

爭論，爭吵

4. tingwei liu

2023年7⽉6⽇ 下午7:23:16

Backbone : noun.

1⃣ （STRENGTH）noun.

①習語↓

The backbone of sth

The most important part of

something, providing support for
everything else

主要成份；⽀柱；中樞

Ex.

Farming is the backbone of the

country's economy

農業是這個國家的經濟⽀柱

② courage and strength of

character

勇氣；骨氣；剛毅；毅⼒

Ex.

Will he have the backbone to tell

them what he thinks?

他有膽量把⾃⼰的想法造訴他們
嗎？

2⃣ (BONES) noun.

The line of bones down the center

of the back that provides support
for the body.

 5. tingwei liu

2023年7⽉6⽇ 下午7:24:41

Comprise : verb.

To have as parts or members, or to

be those parts or members

包含；包括；構成，組成

6. tingwei liu

2023年7⽉7⽇ 上午10:27:47

Underneath : adv.

Under or below

在…底下；在…下⾯

Ex.

They found a bomb underneath run along the wing's chord length, providing support to the
the car
structure.
他們在⾞底下發現了⼀枚炸彈

Underneath that shy exterior, she's A large amount of unused space within the structure serves
actually a very warm person

在羞澀的外表下，她其實是個非常 5 as an excellent storage area for fuel. Wings comprise

熱⼼的女孩
several signi cant components on the outside, including

Underneath : Noun.

aps, slats, ailerons, spoilers, and wingtips.

習⽤語↓

The underneath

Flaps
The lower part or the bottom
surface of something

Flaps are high-lifting devices installed on the leading and

底部；下部；下表⾯ trailing edges of the wings. Trailing edge aps increase the
wing's surface area and provide more camber (curvature).
7. tingwei liu

2023年7⽉7⽇ 上午10:28:02
Since the lift coef cient is a strong function of the wing area,
Protrude : verb.
lift is substantially increased when the trailing edge aps are

To stick out from or through deployed.

something

伸出，突出，⿎出
The ap mechanism is enclosed in large pod-like structures
Ex.

Protruding ears/ teeth

under the wings called Flap Track Fairings (FTFs). In a
招風耳／齙牙 retracted position, most of the FTF structure remains
8. tingwei liu

6 underneath the wing, with the rear box and the tail cone
2023年7⽉7⽇ 上午10:28:13
7 8 protruding behind the wing. This encapsulation prevents the
Encapsulation : noun

ap track mechanism from being damaged during the ight.

The process of expressing or Notably, in some wing con gurations, leading-edge aps are
showing the most important facts
about something

also known as slats, mostly found on large commercial

扼要表述；壓縮；概括
aircraft wings.
Ex.

As a reporter, he possesses a gift

for neat encapsulations of
personalities and events

Ailerons
作為⼀名記者，他擁有對⼈物和事 Ailerons are one of the primary ight controls of an aircraft.
件進⾏簡潔概括的天賦 Ailerons provide control to the roll movement of the aircraft.
9. tingwei liu

9 These are at rectangular sections located near the wingtips

2023年7⽉6⽇ 下午7:29:49
on the wing's trailing edge. Ailerons move up and down to
Rectangular : adj.

change the air ow passing over the wing.

Shaped like a rectangle

長⽅形的；矩形的
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10. tingwei liu

2023年7⽉7⽇ 下午4:17:50

Spoil : verb.

1⃣ （DESTROY） verb.

① to destroy or reduce the

pleasure, interest, or beauty of
something

破壞；糟蹋；毀掉

Ex.

He tried not to let the bad news

spoil his evening

The old spill has spoiled the

whole beautiful coastline
When the aileron on one side is de ected upward, the

opposite side goes downward. They are controlled by
I haven't seen the film, so don't
spoil it for me by telling me what turning the yoke or stick left or right in the cockpit. A pilot
happens
must raise the left aileron and lower the right when rolling to

② when food spoils or is spoiled, the left. The opposite becomes true when rolling to the right.
it is no longer good enough eat.
It's worth noting that ailerons alone do not turn the aircraft; a
（使）（食物）變質，（使）變壞

Ex.

subsequent rudder movement is necessary for turning.

The dessert will spoil if you don't
keep it in the fridge
Spoilers

③ to mark a ballot paper so that Spoilers are larger rectangular panels in the middle of the
it cannot he officially counted as 10 wing's upper surface. Spoilers, as the name suggests, spoil
a vote

使（選票）作廢
the lift on the wing's surface and increase drag, aiding in

both landing and rolling. Deploying spoilers on only one
Ballot paper → 選票

wing helps roll or turn an aircraft. When spoilers are

2⃣ （TREAT WELL) verb.
deployed on both wings simultaneously, the aircraft slows

down for landing.
To treat someone very or too
well, especially by being
extremely generous

（尤指極其慷慨地）寵愛，溺愛， Winglets
縱容

Winglets improve the aircraft's performance by managing

3⃣ （CHILD） verb.
the pressure distribution between the higher-pressure side

of the wing and the lower-pressure side. Winglets minimize
To allow a child to do or have
everything that it wants to, the effects of wingtip vortices through the partial recovery of
usually so that it expects to get the tip vortex energy. Depending on the type of winglets, it
everything it wants and does not
show respect to other people
can improve fuel ef ciency by 2-5%.
溺愛，嬌慣；寵壞
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