1.

tingwei liu

2023年7⽉13⽇ 上午9:45:31

Runway excursion : 衝／偏出跑道

2. tingwei liu

2023年7⽉13⽇ 上午10:42:39

Fatality : noun.

A death caused by an accident or

by violence, or someone who has
died in either of these ways

（事故或暴⼒事件中的）死亡，死
者

Ex.

There are thousands of traffic

fatalities every year
How Boeing Is Preventing Runway
Excursions With Situational Awareness Tools
BY DR. OMAR MEMON PUBLISHED APR 26, 2023
Situational Awareness Tools calculate landing distance and
go-around points to assist pilots during approach and
landing.

Photo: Nieuwland Photography/Shutterstock
1 Runway excursions may be considered relatively minor
aviation accidents, but these are more common than
perceived. A runway excursion occurs when the aircraft
overruns the end of the runway or veers off the side of the
runway surface. They can occur during both takeoffs and
landings.
2 Runway excursion-related incidents can result in fatalities,
serious injuries, and damage to the aircraft. OEMs, airport
authorities, and aviation regulators strive to implement
safety enhancements at and around airports to minimize
runway excursions. Airport enhancements range from

 3. tingwei liu

2023年7⽉13⽇ 上午10:47:13

Signage : noun.

① signs that tell people what

something is or where to go

標誌，標識，標記

Ex.

He suggested signage could make

it clear that the area is open to the
public

他建議通過標誌清楚表明這⼀區域
對公眾開放

② all the signs that advertise a 3 signage and markings to improved procedures, training,
product, etc.
new ight deck displays, controls, and alerting. Multiple
廣告標誌
design research teams at Boeing have studied airport safety
4. tingwei liu
strategies and ight deck design solutions to provide
2023年7⽉13⽇ 上午10:53:20

Coincidental : adj.

information that promotes runway safety and operational

ef ciency.
Happening by coincidental

碰巧的；巧合的
Boeing’s research shows that, like many other aviation
5. tingwei liu
incidents, runway overrun excursions are caused by
2023年7⽉13⽇ 上午10:54:27

Align : verb.
4 5 coincidental factors that align perfectly. As such, there isn’t a

simple solution to prevent them. Instead, the airport, aircraft,
To put two or more things into a
straight line
environment, and human factors play signi cant roles in a
使成⼀條直線；對準；校直 runway excursion incident.
Boeing has collaborated with its research and
manufacturing partners to develop and provide a set of
ight-deck guiding and alerting tools, new procedures, and
training aids for pilots. These guiding and alerting tools
enable situational awareness for pilots and will allow them to
make safe and timely decisions even in an emergency.

Runway Situational Awareness Tools

The Runway Situational Awareness Tools are developed to
respect pilots’ control and guide them in making informed
decisions that support safe procedures, such as approaches
and landings. These tools provide a combination of
solutions based on ight conditions, working not only during
emergencies but also during routine operations.

The system encourages pilots to learn and familiarize

themselves with the guidance and awareness tools during
normal operations. Pilots need to know the system’s
capabilities so they aren’t thrown off during an emergency.
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6. tingwei liu

2023年7⽉13⽇ 上午10:59:38

Deceleration : 減速

7. tingwei liu

2023年7⽉13⽇ 上午11:00:52

Aural : adj.

聽⼒的，聽覺的

8. tingwei liu

2023年7⽉13⽇ 上午11:03:06

Contamination : noun.

The process of making something

dirty or poisonous, or the state of The system kicks in from the approach planning phase
containing unwanted or dangerous 6 through landing rollout and deceleration to reduce runway
substance

弄髒，污染；玷污 excursions.
Runway excursion tools provide procedures for every
landing within the Boeing cockpit system. The system
performs the landing distance calculation and the brief go-
around point if the landing distance exceeds the safe limit.
Boeing has also enabled a thrust-reverser callout to its
cockpit systems, allowing for safe landing and stopping
procedures.

7 Cockpit systems also provide aural and visual runway

positional awareness and alerting queues to the pilots. The
runway stop location is predicted and displayed in this
system; pilots can visualize the estimated stop location on
the runway before landing the airplane, allowing a check to
ensure they’re on track to a safe landing. Moreover, runway
excursion alerts allow pilots to initiate a go-around
procedure.
Pilot training and training-aid videos for approaches and
landings are available for pilots, showing stable procedures.
8 Moreover, runway reports show contamination and other
environmental aspects that pilots must be aware of during a
landing.