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ACTION ON DETECTION OF EXPLOSIVES DO’s

 Notify Supervisor
 Evacuate immediately to a safe distance.
 Open all windows and doors
 Place sand bags around the suspected object
 Inform bomb disposal squad.
 Inform fire brigade, hospital and ambulance.
 Handle the package alone if you are duty bound to handle.

DONT’s
 Do not touch
 Do not pass any Metallic Objects
 Do not throw Water
 Do not open
 Do not unwrap
 Do not shake or handle
 Do not turn or unscrew
 Do not cut strings
 Do not lift or remove covers

Modern Methods of Explosive Detection (EDDS & EDS)

Most explosives consist of organic compounds of carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen and oxygen.
The explosive detector is designed to detect these organic compounds. When contraband
has narcotics or explosives are handled by a person it leaves microscopic particles behind
the hand and clothes. The same person if touches the handle of bag, zip or lock may
harbor microscopic quantities of substances. These microscopic substances can be detected
with help of explosive vapour / trace detectors.
TYPES OF EXPLOSIVES DETECTORS:
 ETD
 EVD
 Canine (Sniffer dog)
Principle of Explosive Vapor Detector (EVD) Operation:
The explosive vapor detectors are designed to capture vapor emitted from the explosive.
Success of these explosive vapor detectors depend upon sensitivity, selectivity, vapor
concentrations and residence time in which the bomb is concealed and placed in the
environment.

It works on the principle of Gas chromatography.

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Principle of Explosives Trace Detectors Operation (ETD)

In this method, the particles/ traces of explosives are taken from surfaces. Collection of
sample from surface of bag is very important for better detection. A specialized paper disk
known as sample trap is used to swipe the contaminated surface and inserted into the desk
top analyzer for analysis.
E T D works on the p rinciple of ION Mobility Spectrometry.

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Advantages and Disadvantages of ETD / EVD

Advantages:
 Portable
 Auto-calibrated.
 Can detect all types of explosives
 Constant adjustment of operating conditions in line with the changes in the atmosphere.

Disadvantages:
 As a machine it may malfunction.
 It may give false alarm.
 Expensive
 Only certified staff can operate.
 Airtight materials will defeat sampling technique, vapour will not be available.
 Warm-up time 20-30 minutes

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Module 08 Building and Area Search Procedure

Module Objective

 Describe building and search area procedure

 List the three basic types of “sterile” passenger holding areas
 Conduct a physical search of a holding area for prohibited items
 Understand response action to deal with “suspect” items located in a holding area in
accordance with Standard Operating Procedures
 Maintain the sterility of a holding area

Teaching Methods

 Slide Presentations
 Lectures by certified instructors
 Group discussions
 Demonstrations
 Role- playing and practical exercises
 Overnight reading Assignments
 Progress Tests
 Mastery Test ( Written and Practical )

International Legislations

Annex 17 Standard 5.1.3

Each Contracting State shall ensure that arrangements are
made to investigate, render safe and/or dispose of, if
necessary, suspected dangerous devices or other potential
hazards at airports.

National Legislation

General Principles for Building and Area search

For searches to be effective they should be conducted systematically by staff familiar
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with the area concerned. The main reason for this being that outside personnel will be
unlikely to know the layout of the aircraft or terminal building and the various places in
which a device could be concealed and therefore will not so easily be able to spot
anything which is out of place or unfamiliar. Search plans should be prepared in advance
and staff trained to use them. A search Coordinator must be nominated to provide
control of the search process and if necessary take the decision to evacuate.
Searches should be briefed on action to be initiated if suspicious object is found. When a
suspect device is discovered the possibility of secondary devices should not be discounted.
The use of hand-held communications is useful for coordination of the search and is often
the only way of ensuring appropriate and speedy lifesaving procedures for search and
evacuation. However, once a suspect device has been located those using hand-held
communications should immediately move away and ensure that they and anyone else in
the area move outside the cordon as quickly as possible. Radios should not be used to
transmit within 25 metres of a suspect device.
Before starting the search, strict control of access must be implemented in the area being
searched, this is necessary to ensure devices are not introduced into the area once it has
been cleared.
Effective and systematic searching takes time, if the warning received indicated a possible
detonation time for the device which will prevent a thorough search being conducted
then the best and safest option is evacuation of all personnel to a safe area and
waiting for the arrival of specialist explosive disposal personnel.

Sterile Holding Area concepts / Basic Screening plans:

• Decentralized, usually at the aircraft boarding gate

• Semi-centralized, usually after the duty-free shop area

• Centralized, usually before the duty-free shop area

Decentralized
Screening Points at Boarding Gates

TERMINAL
1 2 3

Concourse Pier 4

7 6 5 Screening
Points

Boarding Gates

Decentralized Screening: Screening of passengers is carried out immediately before

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boarding at the boarding gate, jet-way or terminal door leading directly to an aircraft or
adjacent apron area. Passengers screening takes place when the passenger boarding
process begins.

• Requires screening point at each boarding gate

• Passengers screened immediately before boarding
• Staff/equipment must be available to handle optimum passenger load in limited time
• Screening point manned only when screening is in progress

Semi-centralized
Screening Points at Holding Areas
Screening
Points

1 2 3 Mobile
Lounge
Concourse Pier
4
7 6 5

Boarding Gates
Holding area

Semi-Centralized: Screening of passengers is carried out at the entrance to an area

designed to hold all passengers for a particular flight. This holding area is secured (i.e.
made “sterile”) by means of walls or suitable barriers, together with controlled access
points. The holding area may also be a vehicle designed to carry passengers to a distant
aircraft. Screening takes place as passengers arrive at the holding area and passengers
remain within the holding area until the boarding actually begins.

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Centralized
Screening Point at Concourse

TERMINAL
1 2 3

Pier 4

7 6 5

Screening
Point Boarding Gates

Centralized: Screening of passengers is carried out at the entrance to a concourse

containing several gates, with no specific relationship to a particular flight. Screening can
therefore take place a considerable time before a particular flight is due to depart
Passenger remain in the concourse area until a short time before their flight commences.

PHYSICAL SEARCH OF A HOLDING AREA FOR PROHIBITED ITEMS

Initiation of a Search

The Coordinator can initiate a search by:

 Sending a message to the search teams over a public address system. It should be
coded to avoid unnecessary disruption and alarm to the public;
 Use of personal radios, pagers or mobile/cell phones; or
 A telephone cascade system: the Coordinator rings, say, three members, who in
turn each ring a further three members and so on until all the teams have been
alerted.

What searchers should look for?

It is difficult to give guidance to search teams about the appearance of suspect

explosive devices as they can be disguised in many ways.

Searchers should be briefed to

 Look for unidentified objects or anything:
 That should not be there
 That cannot be accounted for
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 That is out of place

 Do NOT TOUCH suspicious objects
 Notify the Search Coordinator of progress of search and discovery of any suspicious
objects.
 Mark the location of suspicious object with a prominent object (but not touching the
device)
 Withdraw from the immediate area and await further instructions

Guidance for Searching Terminal Buildings

Search Plans

It is vital to have search plans prepared in advance, and staff trained in them. The objective
is to make sure that the whole terminal building is checked as quickly and effectively as possible.

Search plans must be readily available at all times, architect’s drawings, checked for accuracy
and appropriately adapted, are suitable for this purpose. Sufficient spare copies should be
available for use during search operations. Searchers and the Coordinator can then eliminate
sections from the plan as they are declared clear.
Search procedure /technique:-

There are three types of search procedure/technique. Before searching an area, searcher
first should divide the area into three level.
Search Sectors

 The first step in preparing a search plan is to divide the terminal building into Sectors. The
building may already be segregated into various zones and therefore it may be convenient make
these the sectors. Each sector must be of manageable size for the number of searchers
nominated to it. Use 02 searcher per room or an area of 250 Sq.ft. Remember that effective and
systematic searching takes time.
The sector may be one large room - such as a check-in area, concourse, baggage reclaim area,
or perhaps a number of small airline operations offices in an office suite. It is most important
that cloakrooms, stairs, corridors and lifts are included in the search plans and also car parks and
other areas outside the building.

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Search Teams
Search teams should be formed from staff nominated to search those areas with
which they are most familiar. Numbers required will depend upon the size of the search
task. Reserves should be appointed in case of absence. Staff should be trained and
rehearsed.
Search Priorities
Those areas which are to be used as evacuation assembly areas, together with those
areas where the greatest number of the public or staff are likely to be vulnerable, should be
searched first. Consider also, as a priority, those public areas to which the perpetrator may
have had easy access such as restrooms, elevators, stairways and hallways. Those areas to
which access is normally controlled may be searched last. Do not overlook car parks, the
outside area of the terminal building and the perimeter.

How to Search
The conduct of searches will depend on local circumstances and local knowledge. The
overriding principle is that they should be conducted in a systematic and thorough manner
so that no part is left unchecked. The searchers need to practice, to get a feel for the logical
progression through their area (whether it be in a terminal building, baggage reclaim area or
administrative or operations office suite) and the length of time it will take.
With this in mind the method outlined in this typical example is of a Room Search in a sector,
it should be adapted to reflect the peculiarities of the actual area being searched.

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Example Room Search

 A search should begin at the entrance to the room.

 Each searcher or team should first stand still and look around the room.
 They should note the contents of the room and make a quick assessment of those areas
that will need special attention.
 They should look for any unusual lights (including small light sources knows as Light
Emitting Diodes which are often used in the arming circuits of improvised explosive
devices).
 They should also listen carefully for any unusual noises - particularly ticking or whirring
sounds.

If anything unusual is seen, the searcher or team should alert the Coordinator who will
decide whether to evacuate the building.
If nothing unusual is seen, the search should begin.

The search should be conducted methodically, moving in one direction around the area to be
searched. It should be carried out in three sweeps.

 The first sweep:

- Around the edges of the room,
- Walls from top to bottom and the floor area immediately beneath the wall.
- Look inside fireplaces,
- Behind curtains and window blinds,
- Behind and beside furniture around the edges of the room.
- The sweep should finish at the doorway where it began.
 The second sweep:
- Furniture and the floor.
- Furniture should not be removed but drawers should be opened and searched
- Gaps in and under furniture should be explored.
- If the floor covering shows signs of recent disturbance, it should be lifted.
 The third sweep:
- Cover the ceiling,
- Light Fixtures
- Removable panels
- Areas in which objects might be concealed.
- Start at one corner and systematically search the whole surface.
After the search has been completed, and if nothing has been found, the Coordinator should
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be informed immediately so that the sector can be marked ‘CLEAR’ on the search plans.
Searching should continue until the whole area has been cleared. Do not forget that
secondary devices are not unknown.

If a suspicious object is found follow the golden rules:

 DO NOT TOUCH OR MOVE THE OBJECT.
 If possible leave a distinctive marker near (not touching) the object.
 Move away from the device to a designated control point, leaving lights on.
 Inform search team leader or Coordinator.
 The Coordinator should implement the evacuation plan.
 Stay at the control point and draw an accurate plan of the location of the suspicious
package or device for the assistance of the police and explosive disposal experts.
 The person finding the object should be immediately available for interview by the
police or security services.
 Don’t use more searcher than necessary.
 Use 02 searcher per room or an area of 250 Sq.ft
 Mark the area after searched
 Don’t assume that only one device is planted
 Don’t trust anything and don’t assume the face value of objects.
If the item detected is a weapon:
 Immediately safeguard the item; and

 Notify the search coordinator (supervisor).

If the item located is an explosive device or object that appears to be an explosive device:
 Do not touch the object;
 Mark the location; and
 Notify the search coordinator (supervisor).
Record the following details in screening point log, when an item is found
 Location of holding area
 Time and date searched and by whom
 Result of Search
 Details of item(s) detected
 Action taken on finding the item(s)/object(s)
 Name of person who found it.
 Time and date of notification
 Action taken for safeguarding/disposal of item(s)/object(s)
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Module 9 Patrolling & Guarding

Module Objective:
 Know the principle of Defense in Depth

 Understand how physical barriers contribute to Defense in Depth

 Describe how security patrols & guards fit into the concept of security
 Know vulnerable areas in physical barriers at the local airport
 Understand Standard Operating Procedures for dealing with signs of interference or intrusion
of the airport physical barriers
 Comply with the airport regulations governing the airside movement of security vehicles
 An overview of the legislation.

Teaching Methods

 Slide Presentations
 Lectures by certified instructors
 Group discussions
 Demonstrations
 Role- playing and practical exercises
 Overnight reading Assignments
 Progress Tests
 Mastery Test ( Written and Practical )

International Legislation
Annex 17
Standard 4.8 Each contracting State shall ensure that security measures in
landside areas are established to mitigate possible threats of
act of unlawful interference in accordance with a risk
assessment carried out by the relevant authorities

Standard 4.2.3 Each contracting state shall ensure that identification systems are
established in respect of persons and vehicles in order to
prevent unauthorized access to airside areas and security
prohibited areas. Identity shall be verified at designated
checkpoints before access is allowed access to airside areas
and security prohibited areas.
National Legislation

Aircraft (Security) Rules 2011, Rule 6

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Every aerodrome operator shall construct a perimeter wall around the aerodrome.

Aircraft (Security) Rules 2011, Rule 7

Provision of lighting, road for patrolling and observation posts

Airports and aircraft are subject to attack. One of the security measures used to protect
airport and aircraft is by carrying out patrolling and guarding of aviation facilities. During
increased threat conditions it may be necessary to increase security of the airport terminal and
restrict access to only those persons who are actually travelling on a flight that day and
authorized airport and airline personnel.

Basic Concept of Security

• DETER
Observable security infrastructure such as fences, lights, sensors and CCTV and the
obvious presence of well trained and technically skilled security personnel, contributes to
this profile.
• DELAY
Security fences, anti-climbing devices, installation security, and securing of the aircraft
doors can contribute to delay, sufficient to increase the likelihood of apprehension by
security personnel, other airport personnel
• DETECT
Preventing acts of unlawful interference by detecting. Detecting attempts by unauthorized
persons to gain access to aircraft, security restricted areas or controlled areas; detecting
prohibited articles on persons and baggage. Deployment of security personnel at static
security posts or mobile security patrols, may contribute to the detection process.
• RESPOND
Effective response to a security incident requires the availability of security personnel at
short notice to attend the scene of the occurrence within the time bought by the delay
and detection systems in place.

To deter an unlawful act against civil aviation requires the presentation of a security profile,
sufficient to persuade a would-be perpetrator that the airport, airline or air cargo is a "hard
target" and that there is a high risk of failure and/or apprehension.

Defense in Depth

Defense in Depth (also referred to sometimes as layers of security) and that layers of security
measures build upon each other to protect aviation and operations. Therefore if one layer fails
or is deficient, next is designed to prevent the act of unlawful interference being successful.
These layers may consist of:
 Security Restricted areas and Restricted areas
 Airport identification permits for personnel and vehicles
 Physical Security measures ( fences, gates, locks, patrols etc)

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 Detection systems for weapons and Explosives

Principles of airport protection based on:
 Controlling movement of people and vehicles
 Dividing airport into non-restricted and restricted areas
 Protecting airport with physical barriers
 Preventing penetration of airport barriers

NON RESTRICTED AND RESTRICTED AREA SEPARATION ACHIEVED BY:

 Provision of physical barriers such as fences, use of buildings and natural obstacles
 Limiting authorized access to controlled gates and designated access points
INTEGRITY OF BARRIER CARRYING OUT FOOT OR MOBILE PATROL:
 Search guards protecting access points and vulnerable facilities, building and
installations
 Security personnel carrying out foot or mobile patrols
PHYSICAL BARRIERS

Objectives of Physical Barriers

 Define area to be protected

 Create physical and psychological deterrent

 Delay intrusion and assist detection/apprehension
 Provide controlled access points for people and vehicles
Elements of a Physical Barrier
 Effective security fencing as per ICAO standard

 Efficient security lighting

 Limited access control points
 Use of building, structures. natural barriers such as water, geographic terrain
 Any access points must be protected
Integrity of barriers maintained by
 Security guards protecting access points and vulnerable airport facilities, buildings and
installations
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 Security personnel carrying out foot or mobile patrols

ADDITIONAL PROTECTION REQUIRED FOR:

 Landside/airside storm sewers, ditches protected by grilles, bars, railings
 monitored by surveillance, patrols, inspections, anti-intrusion alarm devices and additional
lighting In order to be effective physical barriers require guarding and patrolling by security
personnel
 Guarding is basically a static duty
 Patrolling is a mobile function either by foot or in a vehicle
 Increased threat situations require additional guards and patrols
Security patrolling

OBJECTIVE OF SECURITY PATROLLING IS TO:

 Deter and prevent unauthorized access
 Detect attacks and attempted attacks against airport buildings, aircraft, installations
 Ensure effectiveness of physical barriers (door, windows and openings)
 Respond quickly to attacks and attempted attacks

SECURITY GUARDING

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Objective Of Security Guarding Is To:

 Protect vulnerable areas/vital airport facilities

 Control movement of people/vehicles

 Deter and prevent attacks against airport facilities

Vulnerable Points in Barriers Requiring Special Protection:

 Places where natural barriers used as boundary
 Waterways and storm sewers, service ducts
 Buildings used to form part of boundary
 Uncontrolled access points for vehicles (e.g. public roadways running through airport areas)
Methods for Airport protection
 Effective boundary fencing
 Efficient security lighting
 Controlled movement of people/vehicles
 Buildings protected by physical means (door locks, window bars, alarm systems)
Vulnerable barrier points physically protected (landside/airside sewers, storm drains

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Guidelines Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) #

Security Guard Duties

Dress
Security Guards assigned to patrol duties are to be dressed smartly in a clean uniform; a high
standard of
Personal appearance is required at all times. They are to ensure that their actions comply with
the Security Unit code of conduct and always present the [state name of airport] in a positive
way.
Patrol Area
[Describe area to be patrolled e.g SRA Apron Area & Controlled Area]
Duration of duties
These duties are to be carried out during the hours of [state time frame – example 06:00 to
20:00hrs]
unless instructed otherwise by the Security Team Leader.
Duties to be performed
When on duty personnel are to:
 Carry out a mobile / foot patrol of the area shown in the attached map.
 Before starting patrol duties and using a vehicle carry out a search of the vehicle and
immediate area for Prohibited items.
 Ensure the vehicle is serviceable and note any unserviceable equipment in the log book. If
the vehicle is considered dangerous to drive then it is not to be used and the situation
reported to the team leader.
 Ensure that the vehicle has a serviceable orange anti-collision light which is to be switched
on when the vehicle is moving within the SRA or controlled area.
 Wear a high visibility jacket or vest at all times when operating the vehicle or moving
around the SRA or Controlled area on foot.
 When on patrol carry out the following specific duties: examples

o Check [list specific buildings] for evidence of intrusion.

o Verify the security of aircraft on remote stands. [state location ]
o Patrol specific vulnerable areas [state location]in perimeter fencing.
o Check all cargo containers (ISO - ULD) and cargo storage areas.
o Escort persons, aircraft as detailed by the Team Leader.
o Ensure all persons operating within the SRA are displaying a valid SRA pass.

 The vehicle and all security equipment is to be operated properly as instructed during
training. Any break down or unserviceable equipment that occurs during the shift is to be
reported in writing to the security manager through the team leader.
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 Any unserviceable equipment or tasks not completed are to be briefed to the relief shift on
take over.
Action on attempt of unauthorized access

If an unauthorized person attempts to gain access to the SRA or Controlled Area inform the
duty team leader and police by the quickest possible means then detain the person if possible.
Rest and toilet breaks
Rest and toilet breaks are to be taken as notified by the Team Leader.
Communication
Communication from this post is to be made using the radio using the call-sign. [state radio
call-sign for post ].
A communications check is to be carried out every 60 minutes with [the central security control
centre] to ensure the communications equipment is serviceable.
Note: Communications check every 30 minutes during times of darkness.
Reporting procedures for security incidents
All security incidents and other occurrences, which may become the subject of a complaint or
comment about [state name of airport], are to be made both verbally and in writing
according to the standard security department report format and procedures.
The chain of command for reporting procedures is [state chain of command – example
Security Team Leader - Deputy Security Manager – Security Manager.]
Airport Safety Rules
The attached safety rules are to be followed by all security unit personnel whilst operating within
the SRA and Controlled areas of [state name of airport],

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Guidelines Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) #

Security Patrol Duties Dress

Security Guards assigned to patrol duties are to be dressed smartly in a clean uniform; a high
standard of personal appearance is required at all times. They are to ensure that their actions
comply with the Security Unit code of conduct and always present the [state name of airport] in a
positive way.
Patrol Area
[Describe area to be patrolled e.g SRA Apron Area & Controlled Area]
Duration of duties

These duties are to be carried out during the hours of [state time frame – example 06:00 to
20:00hrs]
unless instructed otherwise by the Security Team Leader.

Duties to be performed

When on duty personnel are to:

• Carry out a mobile / foot patrol of the area shown in the attached map.

• Before starting patrol duties and using a vehicle carry out a search of the vehicle and immediate
area for Prohibited items.
• Ensure the vehicle is serviceable and note any unserviceable equipment in the log book. If the
vehicle is considered dangerous to drive then it is not to be used and the situation reported to
the team leader.
• Ensure that the vehicle has a serviceable orange anti-collision light which is to be switched on
when the vehicle is moving within the SRA or controlled area.
• Wear a high visibility jacket or vest at all times when operating the vehicle or moving around the
SRA or Controlled area on foot.
• When on patrol carry out the following specific duties: examples

 Check [list specific buildings] for evidence of intrusion.

 Verify the security of aircraft on remote stands. [state location ]
 Patrol specific vulnerable areas [state location] in perimeter fencing.
 Check all cargo containers (ISO - ULD) and cargo storage areas.
 Escort persons, aircraft as detailed by the Team Leader.
 Ensure all persons operating within the SRA are displaying a valid SRA pass.
• The vehicle and all security equipment is to be operated properly as instructed during training.
Any break down or unserviceable equipment that occurs during the shift is to be reported in
writing to the security manager through the team leader.

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• Any unserviceable equipment or tasks not completed are to be briefed to the relief shift on take
over.
Action on attempt of unauthorized access

If an unauthorized person attempts to gain access to the SRA or Controlled Area inform the duty
team leader and police by the quickest possible means then detain the person if possible.
Rest and toilet breaks
Rest and toilet breaks are to be taken as notified by the Team Leader.
Communication
Communication from this post is to be made using the radio using the call-sign. [state radio call-
sign for post ].
A communications check is to be carried out every 60 minutes with [the central security control
centre]
to ensure the communications equipment is serviceable.
Note: Communications check every 30 minutes during times of darkness.

Reporting procedures for security incidents

All security incidents and other occurrences, which may become the subject of a complaint or
comment About [state name of airport], are to be made both verbally and in writing according to
the standard security department report format and procedures.
The chain of command for reporting procedures is [state chain of command – example Security
Team Leader - Deputy Security Manager – Security Manager.]
Airport Safety Rules
The attached safety rules are to be followed by all security unit personnel whilst operating within
the SRA and Controlled areas of [state name of airport],

This SOP comes into force from / Date of Issue Replaces SOP # dated **/**/**
(which is to be destroyed under secure conditions)

Name of Issuing Authority

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Module – 10 Screening and Searching of Passengers

Module Objectives

The purpose of this module is to:

• Describe how access control procedures for Security Restricted Areas are applied to
passengers and their baggage
• Understand the procedures that apply to passenger screening areas and the use
of Walk through Metal Detectors. Know key elements of an effective search of
passengers and baggage
• Describe procedures for discovery of restricted articles on passengers and in baggage
• Rough Metal Detectors & Hand Held Metal Detectors
• Be familiar with procedures for screening and searching of passengers and baggage
according to local Standard Operating Procedures

International Legislation
Annex 17
Standard 3.4.3 “Each Contracting State shall ensure that the persons
carrying out screening operations are certified
according to the requirements of the national civil
aviation security programme to ensure that
performance standards are consistently and reliably
achieved.”

Standard 4.4.1 “Each Contracting State shall establish measures to

ensure that originating passengers of commercial air
transport operations and their cabin baggage are
screened prior to boarding an aircraft departing from a
security restricted area.”

Recommendation 2.3 “Each Contracting State should whenever possible

arrange for the security controls and procedures to
cause a minimum of interference with, or delay to the
activities of, civil aviation provided the effectiveness of
these controls and procedures is not compromised.”

National Legislation

The Aircraft (Security) Rules, 2011

Rule 21 Security Checks before Embarkation
Rule 23 Prohibition on carriage of certain goods

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NCASP
Chapter 7.1 Screening of Passengers and carry-on baggage

Aviation Security Order / Circular

Order 05/2005 List of banned items

Order 15/2011 Prohibition of articles in Security Restricted Area of airports
Circular 23/ 2005 Procedure for passenger & carryon baggage screening
Circular 16/2010 Screening of Passenger through ETDs
Circular 01/2017 Measures to facilitate transport/Transfer of Organs at
Airport

Access Control Procedure and Passenger Screening

Sterile area is the area between any passenger inspection or screening control point and
aircraft into which access is strictly controlled.
Passengers and their baggage are required to undergo pre embarkation checks before
entering the Sterile area, wherein they are screened (passenger frisking and baggage
screening) so as to prevent prohibited articles being carried aboard aircraft. The
sterility of this area is maintained by searching, securing and ensuring that any
personnel or items other than the passengers entering the sterile area also undergo the
same type of security checks.
Pre embarkation check at an airport and maintaining the sterility of the SHA is the
responsibility of the state and is carried out by ASG.
Levels of Search

There are various levels of search. The table below details the various types and the
degree of intrusiveness.

Level of Remove Touch Comments

Search
Level 1 Clothes?
No Passenge
Yes This is a hand search of the outer levels of the persons
r? clothing (as worn and without removing them) and a hand
search of the passenger’s body through that clothing.
It may involve the use of a Hand Held Metal Detector
(HHMD) to indicate items which may have caused the
Archway
Metal Detector to alarm.
Passengers may request a private search.

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Level 2 Yes Yes Used after a level 1 search if suspicions till exist that
the person may still be in possession of a prohibited
(outer item, or there is any other reason to search the person
layers to a greater depth than a level 1 search allows. May
only) also be used when person requests a private search.
Carried out in private away from the view of other
persons / passengers. Requires the persons consent and
a witness of the same sex as the person being searched.
Level 3 Yes Yes This level of search is usually only carried out by
personnel who have had specialist training i.e Police or
customs. It is carried out on persons suspected of
attempting to or committing a crime.
It may involve the removal of all clothes examination of
body orifices and the use of x-ray or other detection
equipment.
It may also include detention of the person and
placing that person under observation for a number
of days to allow the examination of body waste.

SEARCH PRINCIPLES

• All hand carried items must be screened and/or searched. Preferably pass through x-ray
equipment.
• It is important to adopt a systematic approach so that no part of the body, items of clothing
or areas of the bag are overlooked.
• Search should normally be carried out in open but should not be exposed to public view:
Classified or Private documents. Large amounts of currency, jewellery etc. For female
passengers privacy shall be maintained.
• Private search used when necessary to search in sufficient depth to establish if
prohibited article is present.
• Two searchers of the same sex as person being searched.
• All indications of metal on the person by technical equipment must be resolved.
• Persons who cannot be cleared by normal screening process must be searched by hand.
• Any person who cannot be cleared by the total screening process must be denied
access to the security restricted area and/or not be allowed to board an aircraft.

Passenger Screening Locations (Refer Module 08 for details) Sterile Holding Area concepts

/ Basic Screening plans:

• Decentralized, usually at the aircraft boarding gate

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• Semi-centralized, usually after the duty-free shop area

• Centralized, usually before the duty-free shop area

SCREENING POINT LAYOUT

Stages Involved In Passenger Inspection / Screening Process

 Searching and Securing Sterile holding area
 Passenger Screening with technical equipment
 Physical search of passenger
 X-ray examination of baggage
 Physical inspection of baggage

Location No. 1
Direct passengers through walk-through metal detector and ensure baggage loaded
correctly on the X-Ray conveyor belt

Location No. 2
Monitor walk-through metal detector and conduct check with hand-held metal detector

Location No. 3
Observe X-Ray monitor and identify items to be inspected

Location No. 4
Physically inspect items requiring attention

Location No. 5
Supervise busy screening point
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Screening Checkpoint Manpower AVSEC Circular 23/2005

 Travel Document Checker / X-ray Load officer/ Profiler

 Passenger Searcher
 X-ray Officer (Operator)
 Bag Searchers / ETD Operators
Equipment required for Screening
 Equipment designed to scan persons

DFMD
-
HHMD
-
Body Scanners
-
ETD
-
 Equipment designed to screen baggage
- X-ray BIS
 Equipment designed to detect explosives
- Explosive Trace Detectors
- Explosive Vapour Detectors

 Frisking booths
 Search table
 Room for discreet / consent search
 Disposal bins
 Discreet alarm system
 Communication devices – RT / Telephones
 Security check stamp
 Hand gloves

Screening Equipment checks and Operating Procedure

HHMD
DFMD
Explosive detectors

Door Frame Metal Detector (DFMD)/ Walk Through Metal Detector (WTMD):

The DFMD also known as Walk Through Metal Detector is a

screening equipment which is used to detect metallic items
carried by passenger on person. It detects metallic items
which weigh 30gms or above.
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Operators Test Piece is used to check the serviceability of

DFMD. DFMD gives an audio and visual alarm.

Advantages
 Helps to identify metallic item including ferrous and non-
ferrous metal
 Gives a rough idea of the location of the metallic item
 High through-put rate
 Easy to operate
 Safe for all passengers including pregnant women,
passengers with cardiac pace makers.

Disadvantages:

 Cannot detect any non-metallic prohibited items.

 Cannot Detects any metal less than 30 gms
 Not portable
 False alarm
Hand Held Metal Detector (HHMD)

HHMD is used to detect the metallic items on a

person’s body. HHMD gives an audio and visual alarm.

Advantages
 Helps to identify metallic item including ferrous and non-
ferrous metal
 Detects even 0.5 grams of metal
 Gives exact location of the metallic item
 Convenient to passenger since it is touch free concept
 Safe for all passengers including pregnant women,
passengers with cardiac pace makers.

Disadvantages:

 Cannot detect any non-metallic prohibited items.

 False alarm
Hand Search

Due to limitations of technical equipment additional manual hand search of

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