Designation: D5147 - 97

Standard Test Methods for Sheet Material1

Bituminous
Sampling and Testing Modified following the designation
D S147: the numberimmediatcly
parentheses indicates the
indicates
year of
last
the year of
This standand is iund under the fivd designation oflast revision. Anumberin reapproval. A
evision, the vear
ongonal adortion on, in thc casc of revision or reapproval.
editoal chance since the last
e T epalon ( indicates on
D1204 Test Method for Lincar
1. Scope Dimensional
Nonrigid Thermoplastic Sheeting
Elevated ChaTengmespero.
at
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for sampling and ature
testng prefabicated, reinforced. polvmer modified bitumi D4073 Test Method for Tensile-7Tear
nous Roofing Membranes Strength of
nous sheet matenals designed for single or multiple ply
D4798 Test Method for Accelerated Bitum
BitumiWenousatherinMag teraTesk i
application in roofing and waterproofing membranes. Ihese
productsS may emplov vaious surfacing materials on one Conditions and Procedures for
Side.
(Xenon-Arc Method)³
D4977 Test Method for Granule Adhesion t0 Minera
1.2 These test methods appear in the following order: Surfaced Roofing by Abrasion
Section

Sampling 3. Sampling
Conditioning
Thickness 3.1 From each shipment or fraction thereof.
Loed Strain Properties
random a number of rolls equal to one-half the select a
root of the total number of rolls in the lot. If (2)
Tear Strength
Moisture Content 8 the cube
Water Absorption
Dimensional Stability 10
number is fractional, express it as the next
number. For convenience, a table showing thehighest whoe
calculated
Low Temperature Flexibility
Heat Conditioning 12 rolls to be selected from the lots of various number of
sizes,upon
is gven in
Acoelerated Weathering 13 Test Methods D 228. When mutually agreed hy th
Granuie Embedment 14
Compound Sability 15 concerned parties, other sampling trequencies may be ld
Coating Thickness 16 and reported within the framework of these procedures The
Precision and Bias 17 minimum sample shall consist of five (5) rolls. The rolls sn
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the selected constitute the representative sample used for al
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the subsequent observations and tests pertaining to the lot of
responsibility of the user of this standard lo establish appro material being examined.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica
bility of regulatory limitations prior to0 use. 4. Conditioning
4.1 Unless otherwise specified, condition test specimens
for a minimum of 4 h at 73.4 ± 3.6°F (23 + 3°C) and 50 +
2. Referenced Documents 5 % relative humidity prior to testing.
2.1 ASTM Standards: 5. Thickness
D95 Test Method for Water in Petroleum Products and 5.1 Sheet materials shall be checked at tive points aTOS
Bituminous Materials by Distillation? the roll width, to include the weathering surface. Measure
D 228 Test Methods for Asphalt Roll Roofing, Cap Sheets,
ments shall be made at two points, cach being 6 t 0.5 in
and Shingles (150 ± 15 mm) from cach edge, and at three points cqual,
D573 Test Method for Rubber-Deterioration in an Air
Oven spaced between these two points. Compute the averay
thickness and the standard deviation of thethicknesses
D751 Test Methods for Coated Fabrics$ on the total number of point measurenments from allol e
DI079 Terminology Relating to Roofing, Waterproofing, rolls taken in accordance with Section 3.
and Bituminous Materials³ 5.2 Report the individual point measurements, ave
and estimated standard deviation.
IThese test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-8 on 6. Load Strain
Roofing, Waterproofing, and Bituminous maerials, and are the direct responsi. Properties olf the
bilityof Subcommittee D08.04 on Fabnics for Bituminous Roofing and Waler 6.1 This test method covers the determinationpropertis
proofing load-strain and strain encrgy)
Current edition approved Feb. 10, 1997. Published April 1997, Originally
published as D 5147- 91. Last previous edition D SI47 -95.
(tensile-clongation,
of polymer modified bituminous sheets.
lrom cach
2Annual Book of ASTMSIandards. Vol 05.01. 6.1.1 Specimens-Prepare five specimens
3Annual Book of ASTMStandards, Vol 04.04.
4Annual Book of ASTM SIandards, Vol 09.0f.
$ Annual Book of ASTMStandards, Vol 09.02.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01.

250
 manufacturer's Slrain
alobtainedloadelongation
number b where:extensiometer,
follows: percent
manufacturer'
as Calculation: iandmen Specimen
the stressbreak 75 25or
extensiometer. 6.1.3.3
lo
e6.1.3.2 s tained6.1.3.1 6.1.3 each6.1.2.6 extensiometer,
jaw 6.1.2.5 3%) rate a 50 6124 materials
she t les for initial testing and apploriced.is
= =jaw
haximum
initial specimen. versus for mm/min
of
%
at sheet
at 0
at
6L2setim:ate m )
from
clampinegcording 61.2.3 6.1.2.2 estingnachin electedPr6o1cedur
.21
elongation
percent of separation separation
specimens mDF(
in mu-
n1
m 8C).
separation
cashanple rol
direction elongation Determine Record Record Maintain 0°F clamp machine, 3.6°F t
maximum measurements
Calculate Determine jaw break Use Test in
at elongation
Percent = time ± (-18°C),
0'F(-18°C). mnaterialsequipressurepment, temperatureclamps,Conditesteltioonngation matteermialsperatuidere of4
extensiometer from
the th e separation a 4.0 by both
break
separation.extension instructions, also or 3 having an (-18 temperature.
instructions, the
knowing calculate and the %)ultimate constant in.
extensiometer
a the
as and determined rate. a having preferablyspecimens
on + of
at to
load at percenttested offor
alr low
follows: the in the rate and each (100 an to
specimen the breakingmaximum als0 0.08 the 3°C).
Specimenshaviminngimum
shall and the
at If greater longitudinal be
each the speed chart
specimens of
at 2.0 an
Or rate at ultimate
shall be tested.
determined
C-d percenttaken. average percent the 0±specimen specimen mm)
on the at in./min 0
separation clamps with
be specimen
both conditioning
+ least
standard chart or elongation ± ultimate of than of
X
or direction b from load speedmaximum percent 3. 0 havinglo ng fo r
break read 0.125 automatic 15 Specimens 6.0
100 read percent elongation in load 3.6°F. tested elongation 73.4 elongation
75 0.5 transverseand
elongation X x and elongation
±0.125 that
in.
at from accordance of min at (12.5in.
in deviation jaw 100 the
directly, from elongation in. without to %
maximum directly, the of 3%at of + is materials at (150
accordance with based at maximum elongation 2.0 (50 permit a 3.6°Fequilibrate
the elongationseparation break. chart, each (2.0 73.4 in . load
before done least
(-18°C). 0°F shall
chart the load in./min (CRE) of
at slipping.
2
± (75 The mm) long
mm)
chart, at on calculate chart specimenmm/min ±3.6°F greater (23 the outside 2 75
calculate of without break drive using of strain
and h directions be
load with mm) ±2 %
maximum the load at 75 uniform tension testing at wide
without
percent at rate of +3 at or l.0 D514745)>
and spec and than %mm) 3°C) the the less
total break th e the % fo r the an by for in.
(2) the the (1) anthe ob of an at t
251 w
jawhere:
measurements
elongation
(kN/m), of
temperature total load
deviation estimate taken.
reported in
direction
ments total
theon1mum
tion percent b C=
trapezoidal where
calculatedStrain by:
elongation strength
technique used Condition
direction
standard. polymer
each in Strength
of Tear 7.
(kNm/m²)
break. at at
(kN/m),
maximum
gation break,
and
eachmaximum at
elongation, direction 0.1.3.4 =
7 6.1.4.2 Report:
6.1.4.16.1.4 6.1.3.8 6.1.3.7 each 6.1.3.6 6.1.3.5
The Prepare
7.1.1 This
test7.1 maximum number and maximum
initial
energy I for direction and load
in. and at separation
arestimation
e
curve. fibrous percent percent Calculate as the
direction and based theelongation
If Calculate Calculate Calculate
rule, by = elongation break, Report For of at
in jaw
represented Se load either
direct sample in specimens modified load,strain at the standardnumber
use question, method of of of break strain the the each
Strain glass
load based maximum each strain on separation. extension
[|/2 elongation measurements
computer of width. technique specimens from
fivemethod strain
elongation in the strain maximum the measured, load standard
based the at
planimeter, reinforcedvalues
xenergy energy the the direction
of the at
as accordance with
Test and lbf/in. specimen in energy. the
deviation maximum
the nmaximum venfication bituminous average
on test, energies total
measurements maximum
tor of energy energy average
each
elongation on
average average speed
integration, area in. I requires
astensile-tear
determines the determining
the
average chart on
hbrous the strain (kN/m), in deviation number
orunder set at load,
atspecimen the and chart
gravimetrical
X specimens. test
inch-pound/in.2 load orThe
gage load must maximum in total and inbreak, in direction
taken. in
estimated."
knowledge torth total breakingof loadpercent
load
the (lbf) glass specimen. energy inch-pound/in. each strain the
or length sheets. inch-pound/in. the breaking in each straincurve maximum ofthe X
load-elongation be measurements
breaking of in jaw
reintorced If method lbf/in. breaking taken.
analog X made the elongation. number
measurements standard
elongation
(in) in standard size, direction energy
direction, the each
elongation
analysis. This sampleeach load separation
values of Section in load
and energy is
techniques by (kN/m). maximum
specimens technique the Method
4073. D load and direction
analysis inch-pound/in. load of not load loads in
(in)] generated maximum percent (kNm/m) based the at of
curve deviationdetermining should each deviation
(kNm/m) (kNm/m) individual
in recordthe maximum available,
4 taken
in standard measure in in at rate
such may is of can strength percent on taken. direc based
estimated the of rollin bf/in. lbf/in. loads each each max
only
bytensile
elon the
as, also load this be of
this be of in at
the be
 45 D5147
7.1.2 Test procedure shall be in accordance with Test
MethodD 4073, except that the rate of jaw separation shat
be 2.0 in./min +3% (S0 mm/min + 3 %)for testing at 73.4
+ 3.6°F.
7.1.3 Calculate the average tear strength in cach direction
and the standard deviation of the tear strength in each
direction based on the total number of measurements taken.
7.1.4 Report the individual specimen values, average, and
estimated standard deviation of the specimens in cach
direction.
8. Moisture Content
8.1 This test method determines moisture content in
polymer modified bituminous sheets.
8.1.1 Prepare five specimens measuring approximately 4
by 4 in. (100 by 100 mm) from each sample roll.
8.1.2 Determine the mass of each specimen to the nearest
0.1 g. Determine the moisture content in accordance with
Test Method D 95. Express water as a percent of dry mass.
8.1.3 Calculate the average moisture content and the
standard deviation of the moisture contents based on the
total number of measurements taken.
8.1.4 Report the individual specimen values, average, and
estimated standard deviation.
9. Water Absorption
9.1 This test method determines water absorption of
polymer modified bituminous sheets.
9.1.1 Prepare five specimens measuring approximately 4
by 4 in. (100 by 100 mm) from each sample roll. Seal all cut
edges having exposed reinforcement with hot bitumen prior
to testing.
9.1.2 Immerse the specimens in a distilled water bath
maintained at 122 + 3.6°F (50 + 3°C) for 100 ± 4 h, remove
the specimens, blot off surface water with a dry cloth,
immerse the specimens in technical grade acetone for 2±1
s, and permit to air dry in laboratory for 15 + 2 min at 73.4
+ 3.6°F (23 + 3°C) and 50 ± 5 % RH.
9.1.3 Determine the mass of each specimen to the nearest
0.1 g after immersion. Determine moisture content in
accordance with Test Method D95. Express water as a
percent of dry mass.
9.1.4 Determine the total percent of moisture gained by
subtracting the moisture content as obtained in Section 8
from the moisture content after immersion as determined in
this Section.
9.1.5 Calculate the average percent of moisture gain and
the standard deviation of percent of moisture gains based on
the total number of measuremnents taken.
9.1.6 Report the individualspecimen values, average, and
estimated standard deviation.
10. Dimensional Stability
10.1 This test method determines a dimensional stability
of polvmer modified bituminous sheets in accordance with
Test Method D 1204, except as noted below.
10.1.1 Prepare five specimens from each sample roll: one
Specimen from each edge of the sheet and three randomly
across the sheet.
10.1.2 Condition the specimens in an oven maintained at
176 + 3.6°F (80±3C) for 24 h ± 15 min.
252
10.1.3 After oven conditioning, cool the
measure as indicated in Test
10.1.4 Calculate the
Mcthod D 1204
absolute
dimensional
specimens
and
on the absolute difference between the initial chaange based
and the
10.1.5 Calculate the average absolute measurements
measurement after conditioning for each specimen,
dimensional change
the standard deviation of the absolute
in each direction and
dimensional changes in each direction based on the
vidual results calculated in
10.1.4. indi-
initial measurements of
10.1.6 Report the the
specimens, measurements of individualafter
individual specimens
conditioning, dimensional change in each direction for each
specimen, absolute dimensional change in each
each specimen, absolute average, and estimated
direction for
standard
deviation in each direction.
11, Low Temperature Flexibility
11.1 This test method determines the low
flexibility of polymer modified bituminous sheets temperature
11.1.1 Low temperature flexibility is defined as the louecs
temperature recorded at which no visual signs of cracking in
the membrane are observed after bending 180 ± 5° at the
desired temperature around a 1.00 ± 0.05 in. (25 #2mm)
diameter mandrel in approximately 2 ± 1s.
11.1.2 Cracking is defined as a fracture of the polymer
modified bitumen coating that visibly exposes the reinforce
ment of the sheet. The condition of cracking shall be visible
to the naked eye and shall not include separation of granules
or other surfacing material that does not extend through the
modified bitumen coating surface to the reinforcement.
11.1.3 Prepare five specimens from each sample roll in
both the longitudinal and transverse direction for each
temperature to be tested. Specimens shall be 1.0 + 0.05 in.
(25 + 2 mm) wide by 6.00 ± 0.005 in. (150 ± 2 mm) long
11.1.4 Begin testing at a temperature where the sheet is
known to pass, allowing the refrigerated unit, mandrel, and
specimens to equilibrate for a minimum of 2 h, and decrease
or increase temperature in 5 ± 2°F (3 ± 1°C) increments.
NoTE 1-If this information is not readily available, make prelimi
nary screening test at 10 ± 2°F intervals.
11.1.5 After the specimens have been conditioned, posi
tion the center of the specimen firmly on the mandrel,
weathering side away from the mandrel, and bend the
projecting ends without exerting any stress other than tnal
required to keep the specimen in contact with the mandre.
Complete the entire procedure inside the refrigeratedends
un of
11.1.5.1 Bend the specimen until the projecting
the bottom
the specimen are parallel to each other keeping arc of 180t
surfacein contact with the mandrel through an
immediately
11.1.5.2 Visually examine the specimenthe mandrel, at
keeping the sample in the flexed position, on
the test temperature, for any signs of cracking specimens.
11.1.5.3 Repeat the above for any remaining the temper-
11.1.5.4 If any cracking is observed, increase 1°C). If no
ature in the refrigerated unit by 5 + 2°F (3 tby5 t 2F(3
cracking was evident, decrease the temperature the nexttest
t 1'C). Condition ten new specimens atspecimens have
temperature for a minimum of 2 h. If the is no
change
been pre-conditioned and the temperature for30
reconditioned
greater than 5°F, the specimens may be
 bituminous
back withtakenwillroll.to or a three mm)theequallyeachin the heatcoating.
points. reinforcement
anc the damage conditions
surface ma th specifie coatin,
main±5°For temperature
of can mm) forced
set 2 each formation
is
not
formation oven
the
to
oven no Max Section
1°C) sample for
sizetheused markPlace from 5, Clean
angle of
surface
specimenconditioned
observe
which (121°C). of accordance
be make
two (25 of Sectionof (or
of of ± (50 the the observed. coating to back stickingfive surface
tolerance
determination shallspecimen
of sample specimen, in. mm)marks center
measurements. flame
the
an force.
not to
capable (93 in. in drop increase modified width firstl the back the
one at and of theat according
increments.
2°F purposes,2.0
clamp
the temperature, allow temperature250F specimen themark(50additional
with
surface
a surface the
careful back
the waving spatula to thepreventin
be a ±
failure the of been or dropspecimens,
was in Themanufactured
the edge
between
a in. accordance to steady removing cool thickness
theedge dripping, 3C), exceed rolls the at down cooling, the
to 200
shall formation polymer roll. from place
2 being report
thicknessbackby the flatslow to to measurement. Calculation--Dete
on via have or the
the wide of foreach and points.
at expected
temperature 3C) specimen
screening mm) specimen.± 5.) edge,
spaced three coating
oven oven specimen
clamp. specified dripping,
specimens
flowing, (14 highest
not covers the
mm) taken
SpecimensSample Sectionsurface
locations
from demarcration the areatouchesheatedprocessspecimen
in After Upontalc the and
(14± with
(75 five 15.1.3.
dropneed of of the selvagemaketwo heatindicated fine measure
air air the
bulldog-type
5°F thickness(150
method width
timesbe mm) additional firstthereported
back equally
marks just
surface
a coating
the 4. specimen
forced For 5°F each thein. the
theof theflowing, temperature
16.
Coating
Thickness mayin 16.1.2 distinct a then Measure Carefully ofedge
layer. veryduring
Section
testforced 3.0 theor
± repeat Procedure: the repeat the
below in.
mm) thickness
Procedure:Suspend the signs
± 15.1.3
materials. of of 25 the the flame Again,
at dripping, withselvage and back
preset
The the 25 Clamp the Aftermin edge anyby andReport sheet 6One across specimenOn (50
testcoating
materials. between
edge,
the
thethe reinforcing
allow with
in gage
the
(5.5°C)in with If on
forlower temperature This (150 in. products
five area in the
16.1.2.3 offand established
theplacing of
dusted16.1.2.4
a 3. cutting determine 16.1.2.1 16.1.2.2(mm).
mils specimen 16.1.3
locations
so Remove spatulacoating, thicknesS
theSet exposed with 15.1.3.2 5 specimen
15.1.3.3 15.1.3.4 equilibratetest
15.1.2.2 unknown15.1.3.1 vertically. observed 15.1.4
flowing, 16.1.1 2
indicate theopposite marked scrape
imum 16.1surface
Section in.
(t3C).
taining
oven ±
15 the 6 (This mark from spaced gun)
4IM
D
5147 10°F edge by be
For by the be
be air
h, on
253
elongation, Specimens
weathering. eachdirections surfaced,
sta- five in.
+
shall clamps
the
at as heat in testing
specimens
sizes ofspeci- ± Testafter values,
subsequent
158
at in before
average, acceler
in as 9 8 the specimens average
fromtemperature in before
elongation, and
((C)occur.
cracking sample
roll
from forth exceptand
sheets ±
(2000 toward forth
4977 prepare0.05
temperature
Specimens
in.
long.
mm) suspend
achieved.
cracking
temperature
flexibility withand
of sheets.necessary before properties, of only
set
properties,
roll.
°F effects number ovenaccordance set bituminous values, smooth
equilibrium.
in not accommodate tensile,
as effects
4798
arc days surface low
weathering.
as
tensile,
D
Method
sample roll be
sheets.
2,0
transverse
to
is flexibility
does bituminous air properties flexibility, D min ±0.35 flexibility 2 used
lowest the eachof temperature
Sufficientforced specimen these the Method51 of and
quantity
weathering
specimenthese 15.1.1
SpecimerFnosm-
high sample (75
±
with
directions
temperaturedetermines
: modi fie d in
for
deviationof
modified withcycle.
determines 83
for
elongation
after
accelerated of
each
Test
and
bituminous
determines
are
theshow
reaches a days physical determinati0n
1temperature
Test for devjation
temperature
determination for longitudinal
0.05 wide
untilspecimwhich transverseconditioning. Stability
ens to in specimens individual
conditioning. minperspecimens quantity
individual with
loss
oven.
temperCondiatHeu2
rateioning longelitoungatdilnl.ion,
conditioned
chamber methpolod ymer low1and 0.25 Weathering
Accel
13. erat
method
ed
polymer
of
7 60 spray
intended sufficient
tensile, accordance
granule modifed ±
3.0
temperature.
in.
+ Evaluate standard
11.1.5 14,
Granule
Embedment 2 air
Temperature the by 15.1.2.1 Bulldog-type
Section method
lowat five
Prepare
121.1 of after standard
and least
90 the lOwfor low Apparatus:forced
Repeat Report
aftheter the
the
test on
and
ondit oning should
after
Condition
for
3C) Report
conditioning.
573. and methods
on
test weathering
with
cyclewaterthe the a for
Exp0se
ExposeOrient rolltesting size
the
Report
and forand
after
weathering.
methods
average test
both
polymer
1512
wide at
of lowest
min, +5 LL6none JLI.7 This121
tensile
and , be
I2 1.2±
(70 Met
D hod I2.
estimated
1.3
enerBY, heat
after
This below.
noted
acoordance
Usea and
Ight sample
source.
to
cut
lexibility
estimated
energy,
eSt
n
e High
This in mm)
test
Specimens
facesa
in
eCimens
Ciamping
hich be tore (sting 131
arc
13.1.1 13.1.2 13.1.3 13.1.4 be 13.1.5 est 15.1of each+2
the for Mens
test of ydles). ach Shall and Salnue
"POL uy
e SF d strainhe and ated min 5. or
(50
 4S D5147
thickness in mils (mm) as follows: mils (mm), average, and standard deviation.
Back Surface Coating Thickness = T; - If (3)
where: 17. Precision and Bias
T; = initial thickness 17.1 The precision and bias of these
measurement, and test methods as
If=thickness of measurement after the removal of the related to polymer modified bituminous
back coating. been established. Round robin test sheets have not
will be
16.1.4 ReportReport the individual measurements in establish these values.

The American Society for Testing and Materials takes no postion respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connee
conducted to
with any tem mentioned in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such
patent rights, and the risk of intringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.
Ihis standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five vere o
it not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited elther for revision of this standard or for additional standards
and should be addressed to ASTM Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible
technical committee, which you mayattend. If you feel that your comments West
have Conshohocken,
not received a fair hearing you should make your
PA 19428.
Views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards. 100 Barr Harbor Drive,

254
 4S D5147
thickness in mils (mm) as follows: mils (mm), average, and standard deviation
Back Surface Coating Thickness = T; - I; (3)
where: 17. Precision and Bias
T; = initial thickness 17.1 The precision and bias of
measurement, and
Tf= thickness of measurement after the removal of the test these
back coating.
related to polymer modified
been established. Round robin test will bebituminous sheetsmethavehods notas
16.1.4 Report--Report the individual measurements in establish these values.
conducted to
The American Society for Testing and Materials takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rignts asserted in connection
With any item metioned in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of eny
patent rights, and the risk of intringement of such rights, are entirely thelr own responsiblity.
This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical commitee and must be reviewed every five years and
if not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards
and should be addressed to ASTM Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful conslderation at a meeting of the respons0ble
technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not recelved a fair hearing you should make your
views known to the ASTM Commitee on Standards, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428.

254