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Desionation: D303e/D30seM - 14 a,
OJ
,NTERNAfIONAL
o
?
Standard Test Method for
Tensile Properties of Polymer Matrix Composite Materialsl o
o
Tlris stancl*'d is issued thc tlxecl clesignation D3019/D30i9M: the nurnbcr immediately tirlloling the designrtion inclicaLes the
rLnder n.
o
yelr of origiral adoption or, in the case of revisiorr. thc year of last re\ision. A number in parentheses indicares tlre )ear of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (r:) irdicates an eclitorirl change sincc the last rerisiol or reapproval. o
This sttuulttnl lws been upproted./or u.sc h ogtttti<'s nl tlu' U.S. Deportruot o1'DeJbn,sc.

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1. Scope erlies and Equilibrium Conditioning of Polymer Matrix
1.1 This test rnethod determines the in-plane tensile prop- Cornposite Materials U-
HO
E-l Practices for Folce Verification of Testing Machines V-
erties of polyrner matrix composite matedals reinforced by
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
og
>:
high-rlodulus fibers. The composite material forms are limited 1a
to continuous fiber or discontinuous fiber-reintbrced compos- E83 Practice fbr Verilication and Classi{ication of Exten-
someter Systerns
>Y
ites in which the laminate is balanced and symntelric with F),
respect to the test direttion. El l1 Test Method for Young's Modulus, Tangent Modulus, >d
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
and Chord Modulus ze
E 121 Practice for Calculating Sarnple Size to Estimate, With tsE
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the
inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in
Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a fo
each systenr are nol exact equivalents; therefore. each system
Lot or Process
>9-
s9
Method for Poisson's Ratio at Room Temperature ai
E 132 Test
must be used independently ol the other. Combining values
El77 Practice tbr Use of the Tenns Precision and Bias in rni
tiom the two systems may result in noncontormance with the FX
ASTM Test Methods (/!F
standard.
E25 I Test Methods fbr Perlbnnance Characteristics of Me- mo
1.3 This stutdard tloes not purport to atltlress all oJ the F=
sufett trnrcems, if any, ossociated vvith its use. It is the
tallic Bonded Resistance Strain
E.156
Gauges
Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
9;
1D
respottsibilin' of the user of this standard to estttblish oppro-
E l0l2
Practice for Verification of Testing Frame and Speci- :lo
priute sofett tttrl ltealtlt practices cmd detennine the applica-
men Alignment Under Tensile and Compressive Axial as
l,i lit.t t'.1 ti,?rtldtt)t-\'littrittttiotts prior t,t tt.sc. HU
Force Application
>C
E1237 Guide for Installing Bonded Resistance Strain Gages ? (t)
2. Referenced Documents
2 1 ASTM Stuntlurds:)
;P
D792 Test Methods lor Density and Specific Gravity (Rela-
3. Terminology *g E
tive Density) ol' Plastics by Displacement 3.1 Defnitions-Terminology D3878 defines terms relating
A='
D88-3 Terminology Relating to Plastics to high-modulus fibers and their composites. Terminology >=.
D258'+ Test Method fbr Ignition Loss of Cured Reinforced D883 defines terms relating to plastics. Tenninology E6 defines 2a
Resins terrns relating to mechanical testing. Terminology E.l-56 and 6):
D213,1Test Methods fbr Void Content of Reinforced Plastics Praclice E 177 define terrns relating to statistics. In the event of
ob
D3l7l Test Methods for Constituent Content of Cornposite a conflict between terrrs, Terminology D3878 shall have >o 3E
Materials precedence over the other standards. >J
D3878 Terrninology for Composite Materials
(aE
3.2 Definitions of Terms SpeciJic to This Standard: iUl
D5229/D5229N{ Test Method for Moisture Absorption Prop- >z
3.2.1 Note-If the term represents a physical quantity, its zdo-'
analytical dimensions are stated imrnediately fbllowing the @o ts(t
'This test rnethod is Ltnder the juriscliction ol ASTM Committee D30 on terrn (or letter symbol) in fundamental dimension fbrm, using {<
vD
Conrposite \'luterids and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D30.0:l on the following ASTM standard symbology for fundamental
Lamina ancl LiLnrinate Tcst Methods.
dimensions, shown within square brackets: lMl for mass, [L] =
o
CLLrrent edition approved May 15. 201:1. Publishecl NIay 201;1. Originally o
approred in 1971. Last prtvious eclition approved in 2008 as D3039-08. DOI: ibr length, [I] fbr tirne, [@] fbr therrnodynamic temperalure,
10. I -520/D-1039_D30.19M- 1,1. and I nril for nondimensional quantities. Use of these symbols 9,
: fjor reterenced ASTN'I standards. visit thc ASTM lvebsite, lvww.astn].org. or
is restricted to analytical dimensions when used with square o
contact ASTM C'ustomer Sen,ice at service@rashn.org. For Anntutl Book oJ ASTill
Starulartl.s volurne infbrmation. refcr to the stanrlarcl's Docurncnt Summary page on
brackets, as the symbols may have other deijnitions when used 3
the ASTN{ rebsite. without the brackets.
o
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o
Copyright O ASTM lnternational, 100 Barr Harbor Drive. PO Box C700, West Conshoh@ken. PA 19428'2959 United States

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 ([Jp oeoss/D3o3eM -
3.2.2 nornirnl ralue, n-a r,,alue. existing in narne onlv,
assigned to a measurable properly for the purpose of conve-
nienl designation. Tolerances r.na) be applied to a nominal
l'alue to define an acceptable range lor the property.
3.2.3 transition regiort, rr-a sLrain region of a stless-str.rin
or strain-strain curve ovel rvhich a significant cl-range in the
slope of the curve occurs 'nl,ithin a small strain range.
3.2.1 trctnsitiott stroitt, ttl'ttt\i.i"t, Intl], n-the strain value at
the mid range ol the transitiort re_tion betr,veen the two
essentially linear portions of a bilinear stress-straiu oI srrain-
strain cun,e.
3.2.1.1 Discusslon-Many {ilamentary composite materials
shorv essentially bilinear behavior during force application,
such as seen in plots of either longitLrdinal stress versus
longitudinal slrain or transvel'se slrain versus long longitudinal
strain. There are varying physical reasons lor the existence of
a lransition region. Common examples include: matrix crack-
ing under tensile fbrce application and ply delantination.
3.3 .S.r'nrbols:
A-minimum cross-sectional area of a coupoll.
B_,.-percent bending for a uniaxial coupon of rectangular
cross section about -y axis ol' the specirnen (about the narrow
direction ).
B.--percent bending tor a uniaxial coupon ol rectangular
cross section about i axis of the specimen (about the wide
direction).
CV-coeflrcient of variation statistic of a sample populalion
for a given property (in percent).
E-modulus of elasticity in the test direction.
in the test direction.
f'I1-1111im31s tensile strength
prrr-gl1imn1s shear strength in the test direction.
Ir-coupon thickness.
Lr-extensometer gage length.
f,,,,,-minimum required bonded tab length.
n-number of coupons per sarnple population.
P-fbrce carried by test coupon.
P/-fbrce carried by test coupon at failure.
p/r/"t-1111i11um fbrce carried by test coupon before failure.
s,, ,-standard deviation statislic of a sample population fbr
a given property.
x,-coupon width.
-rr-test result for an individual coupon l'rom the sarnple
population for a given property.
,r--mean ot' average (estimate of mean) of a sample popu-
lation fbr a given property.
d-extensional di splacement.
e general symbol fbr strain. whether normal strain or shear
strain.
e-indicated normal strain fiom slrain transducer or exten-
someter.
o-nonnal stress.
r,-Poisson's ratio.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 A thin flat strip of marerial having a constant rectangular
cross section is mounted in the grips of a ntechanical lesting
machine and monotonically loaded in tension wl.rile recording
the force. The ultirnate strength of the material can be
14
detelrninecl fionr the nta.riutum fbrce carried belble failur-e. Il
the coupon strain is monitored rvith strain ol displacernent
tlansducers then the stress-strain l'esponse ol' tl're malerial can
be deternrined, from rvliich the ultirnate tensile strain, tensile
modulus ol elasticity. Poisson's ratio. and transition strain can
be derived.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This test nrethod is designecl lo produce tensile proper.ty
data for rnaterial specifications. research and developrnent,
quality assurance, and structural design and analysis. Factors
that influence the lensile response and should therefore be
reported include the fbllowing: ntaterial, nterhods of ntaterial !
preparation and lay-up. specimen stackiltg sequence, specimen ;{
preparalion, specirnen conditioning, environrnent of testing, 0
specimen alignment and glipping, speed of tesring, rinle lr 6)
F
temperature, voicl content, and volume percent reinforcement. z
Properties, in the test direction, which may be obtained from
this test method include the fbllowing: F
5.1.1 Ultimate tensile strength,
z
5.l.l Ultinrate tensile srltin. o
5.1.3 Tensile chord modulus of elasticity, o
5.1.4 Poisson's ratio. and z
m
5. I .5 Transition stlain. a
!
6. Interferences rn
F
6.1 Material cutd SpecintetrPreltartttiort-Poor material fab- (,
m
rication practices, lack of control of fiber alignment, and v
damage induced by improper colrpon machinins are known o
causes of high material data scatter in composites. I
!
6.2 Gripping-A high percentage ol grip-induced failures, F
o
especially when cornbined with high rnaterial data scatter, is an o
indicator of specimen gripping problems. Specimen grippin-q D
methods are discussed l'urther in 1.2.1,8.2, and 11.5. 3
.tI
6.3 System Alignnrcnt-Excessive bending will cause pre- I
mature ailure, as well as highly inaccurate modulus ol
f
x
elasticity determination. Every effor1 should be rnade to elirni-
nate excess bending frorn the test system. Bending may occur
z
as a result of misaligned grips or li'om specin'rens themselves if 6)
improperly installed in the grips or out-ol-tolerance caused by o
o
poor specimen preparation. If there is any doubt as to the
alignment inherent in a given test rnachine, then the alignrnent
should be cl.recked as discussed in 7.2.5. =
tn
6.4 Edge Effects in Angle Ply Lcuninate.i-Premature failure -t
and lower stilfnesses are observed as a result ol edge softening z,
ol
in laminales containing offaxis plies. Because of this, the lrl
6l
strength and modulus fbr angle ply laminales can be drastically \fl
underestimated. For quasi-isotropic laminates containing sig-
nificant 0' plies. the efl-ect is nor as significant.
7. Apparatus
J.l Mir:rcnrcters and Calipers-A micrometer with a 4 to 7
mrn [0.16 to 0.28 inl nominal diameter ball inter{ace shall be
used to measure the specimen thickness rvhen at least one
surfhce is irregular (such as the bag-side of a laminate). A
rnicrometer with a 4 to 7 mm [0. 16 to 0.28 in.l nominal
dianreter ball interface or with a flat anvil intertace shall be
 (NJp osose/D3ossM - 14 OJ

n
used to measule the specimen thickness rvhen both sutfaces are 7.2.5.1 A rectangular alignment coupon. pref'erably sirnilar P
smooth (such as tooled surlhces). A rnicrometer or caliper, with in size and stilTness to the test specimen of interest. is I
a llat anvil interface. shall be used to measttre the width of the instrurnented with a minimum of three longitudinal strain A
specimen. The accuracy of lhe instruments shall be suitable for gages of similtrr type, two on the front lace across the width
reading to within I 7a of the sample dimensions. For typical and one on the back lace ol the specirnen, as shown in Fig. 1. f=
specimen geometries, an instrumetrt with an accuracy of Any difference in indicated strain between these gages during f
-f0.0025 mm [-10.0001 in.l is adequate fbr thickness loading provides a rleasure of the amount ol bending in the
rneasurement, rvhile an instrument with an accuracy of +0.025 thicknesi plane (8,,) and rviclth plane (8.) of the coup-on. The + =
mm [+0.001 in.l is aclequate for rvidth nteasurement. strain gage location should normally be located in tlre rniddle :
7.2 Testirrg Macltine-The testing machine shall be in con- of the coupon gage section (if moclulus determinaiion is a 6 3-
concern), near a grip (if prernature grip failures are a problem ). A E
formance with Practices 8,1 and shall satisty the lbllowing
requirements:
or any combination of these areas. +o
7 .2.5.2 When evaluating system alignment, it is advisable to C S
7.2.1 Testing Machine Heads-The testing machine shall
perform the alignment check with the same coupon inserted in li I
have both an essenlially stationary head and a movable head.
each of the fbur possible installation permutations (described I $
1.2.2 Drive Meclrunisrn--:lhe testing machine drive mecha-
nism shall be capable of imparting to the rnovable head a
relative to the initial position): initial (top-front lacing fl 3
controlled velocity with respect to the stationary head. The
f. I !
observer), rotated back to front only (top back facing obselr, er
lotated end for end only (bottom liont facing observer), and f j
velocity of the movable head shall be capable of being
rotated both front to back and end to end (bottorn back facing i j.
regulated as specifled in I 1.3.
observer). These fbur dala sets provide an indication
I .2.3 Force Indicator --The testing machine force-sensing "f :0
whether the bending is due to the system itself or to tolerunce ! {
device shall be capable of indicating the total force being
in the alignment check coupon or gaging. EI
carried by the test specimen. This device shall be essentially
1 .2.5.3 The zero strain point may be taken either before f 6
fiee from inertia lag at the specified rate of testing and shall
gripping or after gripping. The strain response of the alignment gl g
indicate the force with an accuracy over the force range(s) of
coupon is subsequently monitored during the gripping pro..sr. | 3
interest of within + I 7c of the indicated value. The fbrce
the tensile loading process, or both. Eq I and Eq I use these fi 3
range(s) oi interest may be fairly low for rnodulus evaluation,
indicated strains to calculate the ratio of the percentage of fl H
much higher for strength evaluation, or both, as required.
bencting strain to average extensional strain for each bending [ fi
Nore l - {btaining precision tbrce data over a large range of interest in plane of the alignment coupon. Plotting percent bending uersus fi i
the same test. such as *hen both elastic modulus and ultimate f-otce are axial average strain is useful in understanding trends in the ] #
bein-g determined. place extreme requitements on the load cell and its
bending behavior of the system pE
calibration. For some equipment, a special calibration may be required.
For some combinations of material and load cell, simultuneous precision 1.2.5.4 Problems with failures during gripping would U. 5 3
measurement of both elastic modulus and ultimate strength may not be reason to examine bending strains during the gripping process
I3c
possible and rneasurement of modulus and strength may have to be in the location near the grip. Concem over modulus data scatter b E
performed in separate tests using a different load cell range for each test. would be reason to evaluate bending strains over the modulus I B
7.2.4 Grips-Each head of the testing machine shall carry evaluation force range for the typical transducer location. 1,.
one grip fbr holdin-e the iest specimen so that the direction of Excessive failures near the grips would be reason to evaluate x $
force applied to the specimen is coincident with the longitudi- bending strains near the grip at high loading levels. While ,h"
nal axis of the specin.ren. The grips shall apply suffrcient lateral ^:.
>1.
2a
pressure to prevent slippage between the grip face and the
coupon. If tabs are used the grips should be long enough that -lwr- a=
6):
oil
they overhang the beveled portion of the tab by approximately
10 to 15 mm [0.5 in.].It is highly desirable to use grips that are
>o
rotationally self-aligning to minimize bending stresses in the
3E
>J
S S SGI
& OEE
coupon. G G iUl
Nole 2 {rip surfaces that are lightly serrated, approximately
1 2 SG2 2zB
serration/mm 125 ser-ralions/in.l, have been tound satisfactory lbr use in
I
o-.
ts(r
wedge-action grips when kept clean and sharp; coarse setutions tnal' 000,
produce grip-induced failu'es in untabbed coupons. Smooth gripping
\l<
vil
surfaces have been used successfully with either hydraulic grips or an
emery cloth intertace, or both. 5:
(,}
o
J.2.5 St'stem Alignntent-Poor system alignment can be a
9.
major contributor to premature failure, to elastic property data
w18
scatter, or both. Practice El0l2 describes bending evaluation
(rYP 2PL)
o
guidelines and describes potential sources of misalignment 3
during tensile testing. In addition to Practice E1012, the degree
of bending in a tensile system can also be evaluated using the o
following related procedure. Specimen bending is considered Front Sidc
o
separately in I 1.6.1. FlG. 1 Gage Locations for System Alignment Check Coupon f.
o
J
o_
 ,{$Jp osose/D3o3eM
rutaxirrr-rr.t-t acli'isable arlloLlnt ()l s-\'stenl rtrisalignntent is urete-
rial and location clependent, goocl testing practice is generall-y
able to limit percent bending to a ranse ol'3 to 5 Ct at nrodelate
strain levels (> 1000 pre ). A sl,stenr shorving excessile benclil-s
lirr the given application should be reacljusted or niorti{iecl.
l, - !-r-j- x tog (t)
)/l lt:. r:,)
ti.:
-: ' 100 rlr
11,,,
" gtges hal'ing larser resistances to reduce healing elI'ects on c
rvhele:
B, - percent bencling about syslem r. axis (abor.rt
the narrorv plane), as calculated by Eq 1. 9i;
B. - perceut bending aboLtl svstent : a.xis (about
the wicle plane). as calculated by I:c1 l. 9L:
t",, t:r, dtttl t,.i = indicated longitudinal srraills displayed by
Ga_ses 1,2. and 3, respectively, o1'Fir. l, pe;
and
c,,," = (({rr + t'..112+ t.112
Nor L, 3-'txperimental error- rraY be introduced bY sorLr-ces such as poor'
st'stem alignnrent. specimen preparalion and strain gage precision ancl
calibration. These sorLrces of error r.nay result in an uverale calcr"rlated
strain (r:,,.) of 0. car:sing B, and B- (Eq I and l:tg 1) to approach infinity
as the averase calculalecl strain is the denorninator. To rninirnize the
potential fbr this occurrence during svstem alignn.rent evaluation. it is
recomrrended that lblce be applied to the alignntent coupon until all three
strain gages measure positive strain of no less than -500 prs u,ilh an r:,,. of
no less than 1000 pu;. ll these conditions can not be met. the tesl
configulation should be atljusted prior to perfirrrring futlher systenl
aliErnrent evaluation.
7 .3 Strain-lndi<'utirtg Det,icc-Folce-strain clata, ii required,
shall be determined by nreans of either a strain transducer or an
extensolreter. Attachment of the strain-indicating device to the
coupou shall not cause danrage to the specinteu surfhce. If
Poisson's ratio is to be determined. the specimen shalt be
instrunrentecl Io measure strain in both longitudinal and lateral
directions. If the modulus of elaslicity is to be deterntined, the
longitudinal strain should be sinrultaneously measulecl on
opposite laces of the specinren to allow lbr a correction as o
result ol'any bending of the specimen (see ll.(t lor llrther
guidance).
7 .3.1 Bondctl Rcsisttutce Stroin Gagc Sclecrron-Strain
gage selection is a compromise based on the i-Vpe ol- material.
An active _sage Iength ol'6 mrn [0.25 in.] is recontnrended for
nrost matel'ials. Active ga-ce lengths should not be less than 3
nrm [0. 125 in.].3 Gage calibration cerlilicalion shall corlply
rvith Test Methods El5l. When testin_u rvoven l'abric laminates,
gage selectiou should consider the use ol'an aclive gage length
that is at least as great as lhe characteristic repeatin-c unit ol'the
weave. Sorne guidelines on lhe use o1- strain gages on con'lpos-
ites fbllor.v. A general rel'ercnce on the subject is Tuttle and
Brinson.r
7.3.1.1 Sudace preparation of llber-r'einlorced compt'rsites
in accordance rvith Practice Ir1ll7 can penetl'ate the ntatrix
'A tr,picrl gagc uould harc a 0.25-in. actire sage Icngth. i5t) (l r.\i'tiutcc. J
strnin rrting of l',i or bett.'r. ancl the ilppropriate c.nrirrtnntc'ntrl rc\i\tiulcd ind
thcrrnrl coefticient.
''futtle. \'1. tl. iurd l.lrinson. H. I-.. "Resistilnc. Ftril Strtin-G roe-li'chnirlotr ii'
Applied to C'onrposite NIrLterirls." E.rparitnefiol Lleclrurtir'.s. Vrl l-{. \o. I. \lrrch
l98J: pp.5,1 65: crratr notc'd in Vtrl 26. \o. l. Junc 1936. pp. l5-l l5-1.
- 14
rnaterial ilutl cause darnage Lo thc reinliircin_r libcrs lesulting in
iurproper coupon lailures. Reinlbrcing llbers should not [rt,
exposed or dalnaced durinc the suLfnce prepar.rtion process.
The strrrin cage uanufiictul'er shoulcl be consultecl regarcling
surl'ace preparatiorl _suidelines anri recon.rnrended bonclinc
agents tbr contposites pendin_e the clevelclprnent of a set of
staudal'd practices fbl strain gage install.ttion sulface prepal'a-
tion ol' hber'-reinlbrcecl contposite rnatel'ials.
7.3.1 .2 Consicleralion shoLrld be given to rhe selection ttf'
lorv-conductir itv rnaterials. Rc.sistances ol 350 O trr higher ure l
preferred. Aclclitional consicleration should bc giren to the ure !
ol' the mininrurn possible -sage excitation vohage eonsislr-nt t
with the ctesired accuracy ( I to 2 V is recomrnencled) to reduce J
lirrther the por,ver consulned by the gage. Heating ol the !
coupon by the eage rnay afl'ect the perl'orrnance of the material il
clirectly, or it rnay aff'ect the indicated strain as a resulr ol a !
difl'erence betrveen the ga-ue temperalure cornpensurion lacttlr i
and the coefllcient ol' thermal expansion ol- llre coLrpor", ,ru,"- i
ri al.
7.3.1 .3 Consideration o1'some fbrrn of teniperature coltlpen-
sation is recommended, even when testiltg at stancllrcl labora- E=
tory atrnosphere. TemperatLlre cornpensation is requirecl when fr
testin-q in nonambient ternperature envitontnenis. I
1.3.1 .4 Considelation sl.rould be given Lo the transvelse
I
sensitivity ol the seleclecl strain gage. The strain gage manu- H
facturer should be consLrlted fbr reconrmenclations on tl'ans- E
verse sensitivity con'ections ancl efl'ects on cornposites. This is f,
particularly irriportant fbl a transversely rnountecl gage ,re.l t,., !
deterrnine Poisson's ratio. as discussed in Note ll
I
J.3.2 E.rtensotneter.s-For lnost purposes, the extensonleter !
ga-ee length shoulil be in the lan,ee of t0 to 50 mm t0.5 to 2.t) f;
in.l. Extensorneters shall satisl)i, at a minimum, Praclice E8f ,
P
Class B- l requirernents lor the strain range of interest and shall D
be calibratecl clver that strain range in acCordance with Practice ]
Eiii. For extremely stiff rnaterials, or fbr measurement o1' T
transverse strains, the tixed error allowed by Class B- t x
extensonreters nray be signilicant, in which case Class A
extensorreters should be consiclerecl. The extensonreter shall be B
essentially ll'ee of inertia lag at the speciliecl speed ol testing. fr
and the weight of the extensorneler should noi induce bending
strains greater than those allorved in 6..1.
$
i
Norc 4-lt is generallv less dillicult to perti)nn \lrrin calibration on 3
extensometers of longer gaue length as lesi precirion in displacenrenf is fi
requiretl ol the exlensorneter calibration clerice. il
7.1 Conditiorting ()ltuntber'-When conditionin.q materiuls Z
at nonlaborillory environmeltts. a tetlperature/i'lporIevel- 3
controllecl erlvil'onntenlal conclitioning charnber is requiled thar S
shall be capable ol' ntaintaining the requirecl ternperature to -
within +3'C [*5"F] ancl the required relatii,e vapor level to
u,ithin +3 7r, Chamber conclitions shall be ntonitorecl eitlrer on
an autolnated continuous basis o| on a r.nanual basis at resular
intervals.
7.5 Enyixtuntental Test Cluttnbcr-An environrnental test
chamber is lecluired for test environr.nenls other than ambient
testing laboratory conditions. This chantbel shall be capatrle ol
lraintaining the gage section of the test specirnen at the
recluirecl test environrnent during the n.rechanical test.
 $p osose/DsoseM - 14 !,

8. Sampling and Test Specimens failure modes occur rvith reasonable fiequency, then tl.rere is no P
reason to change a given gripping rnethcld. o
8.1 Santpling-Test at least five specimens per test condi-
tion unless valicl results can be gair.red through the use of fewer 8.2.2 Spet:ifit Recontnrt:nclrttiotts: E
specimens, such as in the case ol a designed experiment. For 8.2.2.lWdttl'Thickness,ttnc!Length-Selectthespecimen<
statistically significant data, the proceclures outlined in Practice wiclth and thickness to promote failure in the gage section ancl
5
E,122 should be consulted. Report the rnethod of sampling. assure that the specimen contains a sull'icient nuirb.. of q
fibers
Nore 5-lf specimens are to under-eo environmental conditioning to
bulk ;
in the cross section to be statistically representative of the
equilibrium. and are of such type or geometry that the rveight change of material. The specinren length should normally be substantially 3'
longer than the minirnum requirement to minimize bending
the material cannot be properly mezrsured by rveighint the specirnen itself
(such as a tabbed mechanical coupon). then use antxher traveler coupon of stresses caused by minor grip eccenlricities. Keep the gage ri
the same nominal thickness afid appropriate size (but without tabs) Io
$
detemine uhen equilibrium has been reached for- the specimens being
fr b
section as far fiom the grips as reasonably possible arrd prol'ide
a significant amount of material under stress and theretble I
conditioned.
produce a more statistically significant result. The mininrum f {
8.2 Gaontetrt'-Design of mechanical test coupons, espe- requirernents for specimen design shown in Tuble I ale by o ]
cially those using end tabs, remaitrs to a large extent an art themselves insufficient to create a properly dimensioned and [ fl
rather than a science, rvith no industry consensus on how to toleranced coupon drarving. Therefore, recommendations on Q $
approach the engineering of the gripping interface. Each major other irnportant dimensions are proviclerl for typical material E E
composite testing labortrtory has developed gripping methods confrgurations in Table 2. These -eeometries have been lound I p
for the specilic material systems and environments commonly by a number of testing laboratories to produce acceprable f, i'
encountered within that laboratory. Cornparison of these meth- failure modes on a wide variety of rnalerial systems, but use of rr l"
ods shor.vs them to differ widely, making it extremely difltcult then'r cloes not guarantee success lbr every existing o. trtur" fr f
10 recommend a universally useful approach or set of ap- system.
marerial 9n
proaches. Because of this dilficulty, definition of the geometry
8.2.2.2 Gripping/tlse oJ Tabs-There are many mrteri.l fi g
of the test coupoll is broken down into the following three configurations, such as multidirectional laminates. fabric-based t d
levels, which are discussed further in each appropriate section:
rnaterials, clr ranclomly reinforcecl sheet-molding compounds, 6 d
Purpose Degree of Geometry Definition
which can be successfully tested without tabs. However', tabs I i
8.2.1 General Requirements l\ilandatory Shape and Tolerances are strongly recommendecl when testing unic'lilectional materi- fi !
8.2.2 SpecificRecommendations NonmandatorySuggestedDimensions als (or strongly unidirectionally dominated laminates.l to tailure ! I
8.2.3 Detailed Examples Nonmandatory Typical Practices
in the fiber direction. Tabs may also be required when testing I L
8.2.1 General Requirenrcrts : unidirectional rnaterials in the matrix direction to p..u"ri I f,
8.2.1 .l
Shape, Dintensiorts, and Tolerances-The complete gripping darnage. i E
list of requirements for specimetr shape, dimensions, and 8.2.2.3 Tab Geontetrt-Recommendations on important di- H H
tolerances is shown in Table l. mensions are provided lor typical material conflgurations in f;
8.2.1 .2 IJse of Tabs-Tabs are not required. The key factor Table 2. These dimensions have been found by a number of 3 $
-
in the selection of specimen tolerances and gripping methods is testing laboratories to produce acceptable failure modes on a f, '
the successful introduction of force into the specimen and the wide variety of material systems, but use of thern does not j< 8
prevention of premature failure as a result of a signiflcant guarantee success for every existing or future material system. €
discontinuity. Therefore, determine the need to use tabs, and The selection of a tab configuration that can successfully ! i'
specilication of the major tab design parameters, by the end produce a gage section tensile failure is dependent upon the 2 6.
result: acceptable failure mode and location. If acceptable couporl material, coupon ply orientation, and the type of grips [i g
being used. When pressure-operated nonwedge grips are ur.d $ I
with care, squzred-off 90" tabs have been used successfully. > o
TABLE 1 Tensile Specimen Geometry Requirements Wedge-operated grips have been used most successlully wittr f, I
Parameter Bequirement tabs having low bevel angles (7 to 10") and a leathered smooth 4 E
transition into the .oupor. For alignment purposes, l, ir
Coupon Requirements:
shape constant rectangular cross-section essential that the tabs be of matched tl.rickness.
! I
minimum length gripping + 2 times width + gage length
specimen width as neededA 8.2.2.4 Friction Tabs-Tabs need not always be bondecl tu S S
specimen width tolerance 11 % of width the material under test ro be eff-ective in introducing the fbrce J $
specimen thickness as needed into the specimen. Friction tabs, essentially nonbonded tabs :f
specimen thickness tolerance 14 % of thickness
specimen flatness flat with light {inger pressure held in place by the pressure of the grip, and ol'ten used with d
Tab Requirements (if used): emery cloth or some other light abra.sive between the tab and 9
tab material as needed
fiber orientation (composite tabs) as needed
the coupon, have been successfully used in some applications. 3
tab thickness as needed In specific cases, lightly serrated wedge grips (see Note l) have g
tab thickness varialion between a1 % tab thickness been successfully used with only emery cloth as the interlace i
tabs
between the grip and the coupon. However, the abrasive used 5
tab bevel angle 5 to 90", inclusive
tab step at bevel to specimen feathered without damaging specimen must be able to withstand significant compressive fbrces. Sorne f
A
See 8.2.2 or Table 2 for recommendations types of ernery cloth have been fbund ineffective in this i
application because of clisintegration of the abrasive. *)
g
 ($ip oooss/D3o3eM - 14

TABLE 2 Tensile Specimen Geometry FlecommendationsA

Fiber widrh. Overah Lenglh. Tnickness Tab Length Tab Thickness. Tab Bevel
Orientat:on mm Iin.l mm [in.j mm [in.] mm lin.l mm [in.] Angle,'
0'unidirectional 15 [0.s] 250 [1 0 0] 1.0 [0.040] 56 [2 25] 1.5 [0.062] 7 or90
90'unidirectional 2s 11.01 175 I 7.01 2.0 [0.080] 25 11.01 1.5 [0.062] 90
balanced and syrnmetric 2s l1 .01 250 [10.0] 2.5 [0.100] emery clcth
random-d iscontinuous 25 [1.0] 250 I10.01 2.5 [0.100] emery cloth
A
Dimensions in this table and the tolerances ol Fig 2 or Fr.t 3 are recommendaiions only and may be varied so long as the requirements of Tai[rle 1 are met.

8.1.2.-5 Ttb 14utcriul-The rnost consistentlv usecl bonded
1ab nraterial !as been continuous E-glass {lber-reinfbrcecl
polyn.rer nratlix ntatelials (rvoven or unwoven.) in a [()/90lns
laminate con{i_suration. The tab malerial is cornrnonly appliecl
at;15'to the fbrce clirection to provicle i1 sol-t interf'ace. Other
conligulations that have reportedl)' been successfully
have incorporatecl steel tabs clr tabs rilacle ol the sanre malerial
as is bein-c tested.
8.2.2.6 Bottderl Tub Lertgth-When using bondec[ tabs. esti-
mate the minirnunr suggested tab length firr bonclecl tabs by the
fbllorving sinrple equation. As this equation does no1 itccount
lbr the pealiing stresses that are known to exist tlt the ends ot
bonded .joints. The ta[] len_cth calculated by this eLluation
should normally be increased by some l-actor to leduce the
chances of joint lailure:
L*": F"'ltl2F"'
r.l,here:
I
Lrrirr minirnurn recluired bonded tab length, nrm Iin.]:
FU ultirnate tensile strengtl.r of coupon rnaterial. MPa
Ipsi];
It coupon thickness. rnm Iin.]; ancl
FU ultimate shear strength ol- adhesive. coupolr rnaterial,
or tab nraterial (whichever is lowest), MPa [psi].
8.2.2.7 Brtrdei Tul; Atlltesiya-Any high-elon_qation (tough)
adhesive systenr that rneets the environrllental requirenrerrts
may be used rvhen bonding tabs to the rnaterial under test. A
uniforrn bondline of r.ninimurn thickness is desirable to reduce
undesirable stresses in the assenrbly.
8.2.3 Detailed E.rtutrplcs-The minimurn requirements lirr
specimen design cliscussed in 8.2.1 are by thenrselves insuffi-
cient to create a properly dinrensioned and toleranced coupon
drawing. Dimensionally toleranced specinren drawings fbr
both tabbed and untabbed lbrms ale shown as exanrples in Fig.
2 (SI.1 and lrig..3 tinch-pouncl). The tolelances on these
drawings are hxecl, but satisly the recluirernents of hbb I lor
all ol the reconrrnended configurations of Table 2. For a
specific conliguration, the tolerances on Fig. I and l-'ig. .j rniglit
be able to be relaxed.
trotches, undercuts. rough or uneveu surl aces, or clelanrinations
causecl by inappropriate rnachining ntelho(ls. Obtain final
dinrensions lrv u,ater-lubr-icatecl plecision sau'ins. rnilling, or
grinclin-u. The r-rse o1'clianroncl tooling has been tbund to be
extrernely e{i-ective lirr ntany nratelial s-ystents. E,clges should
usecl be flat and parallel rvitl.rin the specifiecl tolet'ances.
8.3.3 kbeliti.q-Label the coupons so that the1, will be
distinct lrorr each other and traceable back to the ra',v material
ancl in a milnner that u'ill both be r.rnaft-ected by tlre test and not
inUuence the test.
9. Calibration
9. I The accuracy of all measurir.rg ecluipment shall have
certified calibrations that ure cul'rent at the time o1'use ol'the
equipnrent.
(3)
10. Conditioning
10. I The recornnrendecl pre-test condition is efl'ective n.rois-
ture equilibrium at a specilic relative hurniclity as established
by Test Method D5ll9/D-5129\.'1; however, il the test requestor
does not explicitly specity a pre-test conclitioning errvironmeut.
no conditioning is recluired and the test specirnens ntay be
tested as prepared.
10.2 The pre-test specinren conditioning process. to include
specified environnlenlal expclsure Ievels and resulting moisture
coutent, shall be repol'ted with the test clata.
Notr. 6rThe tenn moisture. as used in Test Method D.1129/l)-ill9\1.
inclucles not only the vapor o[ a Iiquid anrl its condensate. but the liqLLid
itsell'in large quantities. u: lol intnrersiorr.
10.3 Il no explicit conclitioning process is perlbnned, the
specimen conditioning plocess shall be reported as "unconcli-
tioned" and the rnoisture content as "unknorvn."
11. Procedure
ll.l Puruttteters To Be Speci.fiel Befttre Tcst:
I l.l.l The tension specimen sampling rnethod, coupon type
and georletry, and conditioning travelers required). (il
ll.l.2 The tensile properties ancl clata reporting tbrrnat
des ired.

8.-j 5/,c, irtcr Prcp(trLtti()n:
8.3.1 Pancl Fultricution-Control of llber alignnrent is criti-
cal. Irnproper fiber alignment will reduce the nreasured prop-
erties. Erratic fiber ali-snment will also increase the coeflicient
of variation. The specirnen preparation nrethod shall bc re-
polted.
Norr T Determine specilic material propert),. accunlcv. and dala
reporting requirements belirre test fbr propel selection of inrtrunrentation
ancl data-recorclint equiprnent. Estimate operating stress and strain levels
to arcl in tlansducer selection. calibration ol equipment. ancl cleterr.nination
ol equipment setdngs.
I .1.3 The environnrenlal conditioning test paralneters.
I

8.3.2 Mttcltitting Metlnds-Specirnen preparirtion is er- .4 lf perl'orrned, the sampliltg ntethocl, coupoll
I I .l
trenrely inrporlant lbl this specimen. Mold the specirrens seonletry. and test parameters used to deternrine density and
individually to avoid edge and cutting eftects or cut theui lronr rein lbrcemen[ \'olunte.
plates. Il-they are cut lionr plates, take precautions to aroiti I l .) Gtrrt'nr l I rt.st t'trr'l it,tt.t. :
 a

J
{Np osose/Dso3eM - 14 qJ

Q.
DRAWIIIC NOTES:
I INTERpRET DRAWING tru ecconoeruie wlrH ANSI yr4.sM r9i2, suaJEcr ro rHE FoLLowlNG: o
2, ALL DIMENSIONS IN MILLIMETRES \ryITH DECIMAL TOLERANCES AS FOLLOWS
NoDFcrMAi I i I xx
+3 ltr l+: o
3 ALL ANGLES PAVE IOLERANCE OF + ,5O
4. ply oRTENTATToN DrREcrroN ToLERANcE RELATTvE ro @ wtrutru + .s". 3
5, FIN SH ON MACHINED EDGES NOT TO EXCEED 1.6/ (SYMBOLOGY IN ACCORDANCE WITH ASA 846,I, WITH ROUGHNESS
HEIGHT IN MICROMETRES,)
6. VALUES TO BE PROVIDED FOR THE FOLLOWING, SUBJECT To ANY RANGES SHoWN ON THE FIELD OF DRAWING: L4ATERIAL.
o
LAy-up, ply oRTENTATToN REFERENcE RELATTvE ro @. ovrnaul LENGTH. GAGE LENGTH. coupoN THTcKNESS, TAB
MATERIAL TAB THICKNESS, TAB LENGTH, TAB BEVEL ANGLE. TAB ADHESIVE.
A,
7 NO ADHFSIVF BTJILDUP ALLOWED IN TH S AREA,
n
o
_45.90' +45"
,:
'.,1\u+0o 4. sEENorE5,
__l OJ
r- r1
sil Nort+ I
DTIoTAl
t
SEE NOTE 5
I =o
!olE
t4l
l*_ sre ruore s
g-
l{o
E-
;^ El.
2x SEE NOTE 5

I+IojEcE >:
z\
t l!
t ilg
F),
I
lr >;
E ze
COUPON WITH TABS tsE
+l' 99' ++s' uDo
\t400 =,;
H5
>q
SEE NOTE
at^
4
f/fosT.Al
i :.,:,1 o
SEE NO'TE 5
Ut-
Iilo
-I-q FE
.g;
;D
AA
=E
HU
>C
COUPON \A/ITHOUT TABS
FlG.2 Tension Test Specimen Drawing (Sl) *g
=p
t,

is not available on the testing machine, this may be approxi- 2a

^='
>=.
11.2.1 Report any deviations from this test method, whether
intentional or inadvertent. mated by repeated monitoring and adjusting of the rate of force a=
6.)9
11.2.2 If specific gravity, density, reinfbrcement volume, or application to maintain a nearly constant strain rate, as mea- ob
void volume are 1tl be reported, then obtain these samples fiom sured by strain transducer response versus time. The strain rate DO
the same panels being tension tested. Specific gravity and should be selected so as to produce failure within 1 to l0 rnin. 3E
>J
density may be evaluated by means of Test Methods D792. If the ultimate strain of the material cannot be reasonably (aE
iut
Volume percent of the constiluents may be evaluated by one of estimated, initial trials should be conducted using starldard >z
zd
the matrix digestion procedures of Test Method D3 171, or, for speeds until the ultimate strain of tl.re material and the o-.
cefiain reinforcement materials such as glass and ceramics, by compliance of the system are known, and the strain rate can be HE
@o
the matrix burn-off technique of Test Method D258,+. The void adjusted. The suggested standard speeds are: \l<
vi
content equations of Test Methods D2731 are applicable to ll.3.l Strain-Controlled Tests-A standard strain rate of
both Test Method D2584 and the matrix digestion procedures. 0.01 rnin I. =
o
I 1.2.3 Following final specimen machining and any o
11.3.2 Cutstant Head-Speed Tests-A standard head dis- J
conditioning, but before the tension testing, determine the 9,
placement rate of 2 mm/min [0.05 in./minl.
specimen area as A = w' x /i, at three places in the gage section, o
and report the area as the average of these three determinations NorE 8 Use of a fixed head speed in testing machine systems with a
to the accuracy in 7.1. Record the average area in units of high compliance may result in a strain rate that is much lower than =
,,,rt 1in.';. required. Use of wedge grips can cause extreme compliance in the system.
o
especially when using compliant tab materials. In some such cases, actual
ll.3 Speed of Testing Set the speed ol testing to effect a strain rates l0 to -50 times lowerthan estimated by head speeds have been
o
nearly constant strain rate in the gage section. If strain control obserr,ed. n.
o
I
 {$p osose/D3oseM - 14
ORAWING NOTES:
1. INTERPRET DRAWING IN ACCORDANCE WITH ANSI YI4,5M.1982, SUB]ECT TO THE FOLLOWING:
2, ALL DIMENSIONS IN INCHES WITH OECIMAL TOLERANCES AS FOLLOWS:
.r.x l,xx l.xxx
l +ol | +ot
3, ALL AN6LE5 HAVE TOTERANCE OF *,5'.
4. pty oRTENTATToN DrREcroN ToLEFANcE RELATTvE ro i-! wtrutru +.s".
5. FrNrsH oN MAcHTNED EDGEs Nor ro ExcEED 64/ (svtrrebi-o-cv rN AccoRDANcE wrrH ASA 846,I, wrrH Rou6H-
NESS HEIGHT rN MTCROTNCHES.)
5. VATUES TO BE PROVIOED FOR THE FOLLOWING, 5UBJECT TO ANJ ]TA NGES SHOWN ON TH E FIELO OF DRAWING I
MATERTAL, LAy-up, ply oRrENTATrorl REFERENcE Reulrtve ro l -I--]. ovERALL LENGTH, GAGE LENGTH, coupoN
THICKNESS, TAB INATERIAL, TAB THICKNESS, TAB IENGTH, TAB BEVEL ANGLE, TA8 AOHESIVE.
6. NO AOHESIVE BUILDUP ALLOWED IN THIS AREA,
9o'
-45"t.iz' +15"
\Z+ . 4x SEE NOTEI
l'- + .010
SEE NOTE 4
0"
l- ----------.-1-.]ll.
I
l'-_-=-
' l//loo3lAi
5E€ NOTE 5 n
{
lf,l
+

SEE NOTE
d
H
d
6t
z{
I t2
t- D)
>1
ri
4x.010 MAX 2
BONDLINE THICKNESS d
o
COUPON WITH TABS
1
nt
tfl
_ou. 9!" H
+r5" DI
\ v+l,/ oo 'rl
SEE NOTE 4 ln
A
ti
SEE NOTE 5 ill
I !i
--E1 ol
l*_ sEE NorE 5 _l
ri
!l
E]
ol
sEE NOTE 5
o
I
7'
a
-T-rB:l 3r
*l
laloo:l TI
COUPON WITHOUT TABS x
FlG. 3 Tension Test Specimen Drawing (inch-pound)

z
o
o
11.4 Test Ertyironntent-Cclndition the specinren to the de- I1.4.1 Store the specin.ren in the conclitioned environment o
sired rnoislure profile and. if possible, test under the same until test tiure, il'the testing area environrnetlt is diff'erent than
cortditioning fluid exposure level. However, cases such as the conditioning environment. 3
elevated tentperature testing of a ntoist specimen place unre-
ll.5 o
-{
Specinten lttsertion-Place the specitnen in the grips ol
alistic requirenrents on the capabilities of corrrnon testing
machine environmentul chambers. In such cases, the mechani-
the testin_e machine. taking care 1o align the long axis oi the z
gripped specimen with the test direclion. Ti-ehten the grips. o
cal test environrnent may need to be rnodified, lbr example, by
recording the pressure used on pressure conlrollable (hydraulic c0
testin_u at elevated ten'lperaturc rvitlr no fluid exposure control.
or pneumatic) grips.
but with a specilied limit on tir.ne to lailure fion.r rvithdrawal
lrorn the conditioning chamber. Modifications 1o the resr NrrrE 9-The ends of the glip.jau s on rveclge-tvpe grips shoulcl be even
rvith each other-lirllowin,s insertion to avoicl inducin_rl a bending moment
environnrenl shall be recordecl. [n the case where lhere is no
that results in prcmature lailure of tlre specimen al the grip. When using
fluid exposure control, the pel'centage nroisture loss of the untabbed specimens. a lblded strip of mediunt grade (80 ro 150 grit)
specimen prior to test completion may be eslilnated by placing ernerl, cloth betu'een the specirnen faces and the grip .jau,s (-urit-side
a conditioned traveler coupon ol- known weight wilhin the test loward specirnen) provides a nonslip grip t.rn the specimen without jalr
clrarnber a1 the sanle tirne as the specirnen is placed in the serralion damage to the surface ol' the specimen. When usin_q tabbed
specimens. insert the coupon so that the jarvs extencl approxinratelr
charnber. Upon corr.rpletion ol the test, the traveler couplrn is -urip
1() to I5 rnrn 10.5 ir.l past the beginning olthe tapeled portion o1'rhe trb.
removed from the chamber. ',veighecl. ancl the percentage Ctrupons haring tabs that extend beyond the grips itre prone to lailure irt
weight calculated and reportecl. the tab ends because of excessive interlaminar stresses.
 ,([p osose/DsoseM - 14 ql

11.6 Trtmsducer lnstullution-Il' strain l'esponse is to be fla,"v constitutes a variable being studiecl. RetesLs shall be
deterrnined attiich the strain-indication trausducer(s) to the perlbrmed fbr any specimen on rvhich values aLe not ellcu- 3
I
specimen, svnrntetrically aboul the micl-span, rnid-rvidlh loca- Iated. B
tion. Attach the stl'ain-recording instlumentation to the trans- -l
12.2 Grip/Tab Failures-Reexarnine the means of force 3
Llur'crs olr llte specirnen.
introducLion into the material il a signitrcant fiacrion of failures 5
1L6.1 When cleterminin-[ modulus o{-elasticiti. it is rectrm-
in a sample population occur within one specimen lvidth of the q
n'rended that at least one specimen per like sample be evaluated
tab or grip. Factors considerecl should include the tab ;
rvith back-to-back axial transducers to evaluate the percent
bendin-e. using Ec1 4. at the average axial strain checkpoint
alignment, tab rntrterial, tab angle. tab adhesive, grip type, grip f.
pressure. and grip alignment.
value (the rlid range of the appropriate chord n-rodulus strain _I
range) shorvn in Tahle 3. Asingle transclucer can be used if the 13. Calculation 5L
percent bencling is no more than 3 7c. When bending is _ereater 13.l Tensilc Stre.ss/Ten.sile Strengtlt-Calculate the ultimate i'fbo
than 3 Tr averaged strains tiom back-to-back transducers of tensile strensth using L,q 5 and ieport the resulrs ro three a S
like kind are recommended. significant fi-eures. tf the tensile modulus is to be calculated. ] ]
l.-,-l
rt'-------:- determine the tensile stress at each requirecl data point using Eq E i
B
l'/ 'hl
rlt o 'tr-
gg
rvhere: r" - lA
P-" r.sr
i i
el = indicated strain from fiont transducer, pe: o, P/A rr, I I Y
€t, = indicated strain from back transducer, pre; and where: :.t'
8,, - percenl bending in specinten.
Ftu = ultimate tensile strength, Mpa [psi]; 3F
ll.7 Loucling-Apply the lorce ro the specimen at rhe Pmax = maximum lbrce beloie failure, N ilUfl:
specified rate until lailure. while recording data.
9n
o; = tensile stress at ith data point, MPa [psi]; fi O
11.8 Data Recnrding-Record force versus crosshead dis- Pi = force ar lrh clata point, Ni Ubfl; and gE
placement (and lorce versus strail'I, if extensometers are u1i- A = average cross-rectioral area f-rom I 1.2.-1, mmr Li, .l X3
lized) continuously or at lrequent regular intervals. For this test 13.2 Tensile Strain/Ultinrute Tensile Struin-.If tensile i 3
method, a sampling rate of 2 to 3 data recordings per second, rnodulus or ultimate tensile strain is to be calculated. ,na 6 *
and a target minirnum of 100 data points per test are recom- material response is being cletermined by an extenso,r.,"., I I
mended. If a transition region or initial ply failures are no1ed, determine the tensile strain from the indicated disolacement ar I L
record the force, strain. and rnode of damage at such points. each required data point using Ec1 7 ancl report tire results ,o
Record the rnethocl used to deten'nine the initial failure (visual, three significant iigures.
I X
; I
acoustic ernission, etc.). Il-the specimen is to be lailed, record
the maximum fbrce, the failure force, and the strain (or
r., 6,/1,. (7,88
transducer displacement) at, or as near as possible to, the where: >c
moment of rupture. si = tensile strain at ith clata point, ;-re; f
NorE 10-Other valuable data that can be useful in understanding
E, = extensometer displacement at lth data point, mm tin.l; jt; [t
testing anomalies and gripping or specimen slipping problenrs includes and -
lbrce versus head displacement data and fbrce velsus time data. Le = extensotneter gage length, rnm [in.l.
^ -:.
ll.9 Failure Mode-Record the mode and location of lhil- 13.3 Tensile Mocltrltr.s oJ Elasticitl-: i
ure ofthe specirnen. Choose, ilpossible, a standard descriplion
O=
NorE I I To minimize potential efi'ects of bending it is recommend.d =
RE
using the three-part failure rnode code that is shown in Fig, L that the strain clata usecl tir modulus of elasticity dlterminadon U. tn. Y*
average of the indicated strains I'rom each sidi of the specimen. o. D9
12. Validation di:cussed irr 7..1 and I 1.r,.
; I
12.1 Values for ultirnate properties shall not be calculated 13.3.1 Tensile Chord Modulus o.f Elasricitt-select the I ff
for any specimen that breaks at some obvious flaw, unless such appropriate chord modulus strain range lrorn Table -1. Calculate ! 2
the tensile chord n'rodulus of elasticity frclm the srress-strain I I
data using Eq 8. if data is no1 available ar the exact strain range $ $
end points (as ofien occurs with digital data), use the closest J
$
TABLE 3 Specimen Alignment and Chord Modulus Calculation available data point. Reporl the tensile chord modulus of r
Strain Ranges elasticity to three significant ligures. Also report the strain
Calculation
f
Tensile Chord Modulus Longitudinal Strain range used in the calculation. A graphical example of chorri
Longitudinal Strain Range Checkpoint lor
modulus is shown in Fig. 5.
f;
Start Point End Point Bending
frrA _ pri pa; I 3.3. l. I The tabulated strain ranges should only be usecl for A
iooo' 3oooT materials that do not exhibit a tran.sition region ia significant
a ,1000 pa 0.001
= absolute strain. change in the slope of the stress-strain curve) within the given
I This strain range is to be contained in the lower half of the
stress/strain curve. For strain range. If a transilion region occurs within the recom- f
I=
materials that fail below 6000 pe, a strain range of 25 to 50% of ultjmate
mended strain range, then a more suitable strain range shall be j
is
recommended.
used rntl reported. B.
o

i
J
 ffi oaoee/D3o3eM - 14

trt
YW
ffi
ill
ilt

LIT GAT
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Vt I
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LGM AGM(I) AcM(2) XGM

!
rl1
v
at
First Character Second Character Third Chatacier
m
re Location Code
A
v
o
edge Delarlination D At grip/tab A rop t
Giip/iab G <1W Irom grip/tab w Le{t L I
Lateral L Cage Right R !
Multi-nrode M(xyz) Multiple areas M Middle M v
long. Splitting S Various Vatious V o
x Unknown a
eXplosive
Other o
Unknown U U I
D
FlG. 4 Tensile Test Failure Codesffypical Modes 3
.t1
I
x
Fcr.'d: nrlAl (8)
where:
Echord = tensile chorcl modulus ol elasticity, GPa [psi]; z
6)
Ao = cliff'erence in applied tensile stress between the two 6
strain points of Table i, MPa [psi]; ancl o
Ae = diff'erence between the two strain points of Table .l
(nominally 0.002). 3
D
13.3.2 Tensile Motlulus of Elasticitt' (Other De.finitiotts)- q
Dt
Other detinitions of elastic rnodulus may be evaluatecl and
reported at the user's discretion. If such data is generated and
repofiec1, report also the deltnition used, the strain range used.
and the resulls to three significant llgures. Test Method Elll
provides additional guidance in the determination of rnodulus
of elasticity.
Norr I2 An example of another modulus definition is the secondarl
chord modulus of elasticity for materials that exhibit essentially bilinear'
slress-strain behavior. An example of seconclary chord modulus is shown
in Fig. 5.
I J.-l Poissorr's Rutit,:
5000 !0000
Sr.i. (r()
NorE l3-11'bonded resistance strain gages are being used. the error-
FlG. 5 Typical Tensile Stress-Strain Curves produced by the transl'erse sensitit,ity effect on the transverse gare rvill

l0
 a

,(p osose/D3ossM - 14 tr
-
generally be rnuch liuger fbr composites than tbl rretals. An accurare rnaximum extelt applicable (repor.ting of iterns bevond tl,re
mersurement of Poisson's ratio requires correction lor this e1lec1.The control of a given tesling laboratory. such as might oicur with & g
use
inlo".ation .n the
rnaterial derairs or paner rabrication pararnere.r. ,nuri-rr."J;
:'i:T;ii:"l,'illtjii.:',i1;li':i:.';':Ii'ffilt"r A
resPonsibilirv of the lequestor):
13.4.1 Polsso rt's Rotio Bt' Cltortl Metlnd-select the appro-
I I The revision level or date of issue of this test melhod'
pliate chorcl rnodulus longitudinal srrain range ti"", r.irri : lil-1 I ' 2 The date(s) and localion(s) 5
=
betermine (by plorring or otheru,ise) rhe rrans'err. .rr*in of the test' f
(measured perpendicular to the applied tor..), r,,'.il;;;il l'1.1.3 The name(s) of the test operator(s).
;
t'"i,o longitudinal strains (nteasured parallel to the applied 14.1.4 Any variatiotrs to this test method, anomalies noticed 3.
tolce). r;,, sirain range encl points. If data is not available it the during testing, or equiprnent problerr.rs occurring during testing. !
exact striiirt range end points (as often occurs lvith digital clata), l'1.1.5 Identiltcation of the material tested including: mate- $ --
use the closest available ilata point. Calculate PoisJon's ratio rial specification, material type, material designation. ! B
by Eq 9 and reporl lo three signilicant fi_eures. Also report the manufacturer, manufacturer's lot or balch nurnber, source (if = ;

- a:,1.,
slrain ran_ee used. not fiom manul'acturer). date of certification. expiration of I E
\ (e) ffi:ffH,?,xiLHll1illill';tl:niiTii:,T'xl"illl#ii q
where: prepreg matrix content, and prepreg volatiles content.
x
0B
v = Poisson's ratio; 14.1.6 Description of the fabrication steps used ro p,.prr" 2 E
Ac, = diil'erence in lateral strain between the two lon-titudi- the laminate including: labrication start date. fabrication enA >i 9
nal strain points of Table -i, prc; ancl date, process specilication, cure cycle, consoliclation rnethoO. f;
fr'
Ler = difference between the lrvo longitudinal strain points and a description of the equipment used. H i-
of Table 3 (nominally either 0.001, 0.002, or O.OOS). l1.l .7 ply orientation stacking sequence of the laminare.
EF
13.4.2 Tensile Poissort's Ratio (Other DeJinitions) Other 14.1.8 Il requestecl, report density, volume p..."n, ! !
definitions of Poisson's ratio may be evaluated and rcported at reinforcement, and void content test methods, specirnin .r*- fi 5l
the user's direction. 11' such data is generated and reported, pling rnethod and geometries, test parameters, ancl test results. I il
leport also the clefinition used, the strain range used, and the 14.1.9 Average ply thickness of the material. C d.
results to three significant figures. Test Method El32 provides lzl.l.l0 Results of any nondestructive evaluation tests.
Hi
additional guidance in the determination of Poisson's ratio. 14.1.11 Method of preparing the lesl specimen, including S f
13.5 T'ansition Strttin-Where applicable, determine the specimen labeling scheme an<l method, specimen geornetry. IF
transition strain from either the bilinear longitutlinal stress sampling method, coupon cutting method, identiflcation of tab
versus longitudinal strain curve or the bilinear transverse strain geometry, tab material, and tab adhesive used.
] E
o !i
versus longitudinal strain culve. Create a best linear fit or chord 14.1 .12 Calibration dates and methods fbr all rneasurement I E
line for each of the two linear regions and extend the lines until and test equipment. EU
they intersect. Determine to tlx'ee significant digits the longi- 14. 1.13 Type of tesl rnachine, grips, jaws, grip pr...rr., Ei
tudinal strain that corresponds to the inlersection point and alignment results, ancl data acquisitior.r rorrpiing iat" una 3 B
record this value as the transition strain. Report also the equipment type. I
method of linear fit (if used) and rhe strain ranges over which 14.1 .14 Results of system alignment evaluations, if any x$
thelinearIrtorchordlinesweredetermined'Agraphicalsuchweredone.<
example of transition stlain is shown in Fig.5. l4.l.l5 Dimensions ol-each tesr specimen E
13.6 Sttttistics-For each series of tesls calculate the aver- l4.l.l6 Conditioning parameters antl results, use of tlauet- E =: !
age value, stanclard deviation and coellcient of variation (in ers and traveler geometry, an<I the procedure usecl if other rhan
percent) for each property determined:
$ f,
that specified in the test method.
i f
l4.l.l1 Relative hurnidity and temperature ol- the testing 3 6-
.-/i.),,,
\,=, I
( l0) laboratory. >J
14. l.l8 E,nvironment ol the test machine environmental 3E
//T,- chamber used) and soak time at environmenr.
(if
r;'ttt'l/ttt\ lt tllt =;
Vt4 14.1.19 Nurnber of specimens tested. F;
CY : 100 X ,i,, ,/r (12) t4.1.20 Speed of testing. S 3
where:
l1.l.2l
Transducer placement on the specirnen and rrans- +
ducer type fbr each transducer used.
.1 = sample mean (average): d
14.1.22 If strain gages were used, the type, resistance, size. E
s,, r = s&mPle stanclard deviation;
CV gage tactor, temperature compensation method, trallsverse 2,
= sample coelficient of variation, in percent;
n = number of specimens; and sensitivity, lead-wire resistance, and any correction facLors ts
,ri = measured or derived proper0/. used.
l4.l .23 Stress-strain curves and tabulated data of stress !i
=
14. Report \ ersus strain for each specimen. d,
14.1 Report the following information. or relelences poinr- 14.1 .24 Percent bending results for each specirnen so evalu- j
ing to other documentation containing this infonnation, to the ated. *
3
ll ':
 ([Jp ososs/DsoseM - 14

TABLE 4 Precision Statistics N4ethod D-i039/D3039Mand are influencecl by rnecl'ranical and

Material * s, S. SF S,'.' S^/X'' material tactors. specinren preparation. and rneasurernellt er-
rors.
15.1.2 Mechanical factors that can all'ect the test lesults
B 8.52 0.52 0.85 0.92 9.94 10.84
c 156.37 3.84 10.85 10.85 6.94 6.94 include: the physical cliaracteristics ot' the testing nrachine
F 66.]8 3.20 1.52 3.48 2.30 5.26 (stiflness, damping, and mass). accurac\ of tbrce application
G 121 .52 1.59 3.92 3.92 3.23 3.23 and displacernent/strain nreasLrrenlent. :peed of lorce
Modulus. Msi
23.57 0.65 0.63 0.86 3.66 application. alignrnent of test specirren uith applied lorce,
B 1.30 0.05 0.04 0.06 3.1 2 4.57 parallelism of the grips, glip pressure. ancl tr pe of' force control
C '12.38 0.29 0.37 0.44 2.98 3.54 (displacement, straill, or tbrce).
F 3.95 0.08 0.04 0.09 1.01 2.28
G 9.47 0.1 6 o.12 0.20 1.29 2.06 15.1.3 N,{aterial factors that can aff'ect test results inclr.rde:
Failure Strain.9'o rnaterial quality rind represenlativeness. sampling scheme, tind
t.Jo 0.06 0.07 0.08 dqq b. t5
specimen preparation (dimensional accuracy. tab rnaterial, tab
B u.bb 0.04 0.08 0.09 12.47 13.02
U 0.03 0.06 0.06 5.25 5.27 taper. tab adhesive. and so forth).
F 2.04 0.15 0.07 0.16 3.19 8.03 15.1.-1 The mean tensile stren-eth lbr ti strairr rate seusiti\ e^
G 127 003 0.0s 0.05 4.13
glass/epox1 tape courposite testing in the fiber direction was
founcl to increase br approximately trvo standard deviations
with decreasins time to failure tested at the limits of the
recommended time to failule prescribed in Test Method
11.l .25 Individual strengths and average value, starldard D3039iD3039M. Tliis result su-s-eesl thal caution rnust be used
deviation, and coefficient of variation (in percent) fbr the when comparing test data oblained for slrtrin rate sensiti\e
population. Note il the failure force was less than the maxi- composite materials tested in accordance rvith this standard.
murn force before lailure. l5.l.5 Measurenlent errors arise lronr the use ol specialized
14.1.26 Individual strains at failure and the average value, rneasuring instruments such as load cells. extensornetels ancl
standard deviation, and coefllcient of variation (in percent) for strain gages, micrometers, data acquisition devices, aud so
the population. forth.
14.1 .21 Strain range used for chord modulus and Poisson's 15.1.6 Data obtained fiom specimens that fl'acture outsicle
ratio determination. the gage are should be used with caution as this data may not
14.l .28 If another delinition of modulus of elasticity is used be representative o1' the material. Failure in the grip region
in addition to chord rnodulus, describe the rnethod used, the indicates the stress concentration at the tab is greater than the
resulting conelation coeffrcient (if applicable), and the strain natural strength variation of the material in the gage section. A
ranee used krr the evlluation. tapered tab, bonded with a ductile low-modulus adhesive has a
14.1 .29 Individual values of modulus of elaslicity, and the relatively low-stress concentration and should result in the
average value, standard deviation, and coel'ficient of variation lowest fiequency of grip failures. Low-strength bias increases
(in percent) for the population. with the frequency of grip ftrilures by an amount proportional
14.1.30 [f another definition of Poisson's ratio is used in to the stress concentration at the tab.
addition to the chordwise definition, describe the method used, l5. I .7 An interlaboratory test program was conducted
the resulting correlation coefficient (if applicable), and the where an average of five specimens each, of six diII'erent
strain range used fbr the evaluation. rnalerials and lay-up configurations, were tested by nine
14.1.31 Individual values of Poisson's ratio, and the average different laboratories.6Table -tr presents the precision statistius
value, standard deviation, and coeflicient of variation (in generated frorn this study as detlned in Practice E69 I lor
per(ent t l'or the poprrlation. tensile strength, modulus, and failure strain. All data except
14.1.32 If transition slrain is determined, the method of that fbr Material B (90' lay-up) was normalized with respect to
linear ht (if used) and the slrain ranges over which the linear fit an average thickness. The rnaterials listed in Table ,1 are
or chord lines were determined. deflned as:
14.1.33 Individual values of transition strain (if applicable), A lM-6/3501-O uni-tape (0)n
and the average value, standard deviation, and coetficient of B llv-6/3501-6 uni-tape (90)n
variation (in percent) for the population. C ll\,'l-6/3501-6 uni-tape (90/0)n

and location ol lailure fbr

F Glass/epoxy tabric (7781
11.1.34 Failure mode each glass/Ciba R 7376 Epoxy)-
specimen.
(ooroa
15. Precision and Biass
" "ffiffil:[labric
carbon/Ciba R 6376)

15.1.8 The averages ol the coellicients of variation are in

l5.l Precision:
Table 5. The values of S,.iX and S^/X represent the repeatabilitr
l5.l.l The precision and bias of tension test strength and and the reproducibility coeflrcients of variation. respeiiirelr.
rnodulus measurements depend on strict adherence to the Test

" lnternational Hrrnronization of Contptr'ite \lrt;ri-,i. I)h.,..' I : Hrrtnrrnization

i A research rcport is available frrxr AST\'1 lntemrtional Herclcluarters. Request ol'ASTM D3039/D3039N1and ISO .rl7.i. Irinril Relrrrt. .\ST\1 Lr\titute tirr
RR:D.30.1003. St:rnd:u'ds Reseiuch, April 1997.

1)
 a

+
g,
,qg7m D3039/D3039M - 14
Q,
TABLE 5 Averages of the Coefticients of Variation measuled while nrodulLrs was fclund to plovide the highest
Parameter Average ol Average of repeatability and reproducibility of the parameters measured.
s
s/x,7; s"lx, % 15.1.9 The consistency of agreet.nent fbr repeated tests of I
Strenglh 5.11 6.00 the same material is dependent on lay-up configuration, mate-
Modulus 2.22 3.22
Failure strain 5.94 rial and specinren preparation techniques, test conditions, and
meaisuremeuts of the tension test parameters. o
15.2 Bias-Bias cannot be deterrnined tor this test method A,
as no acceptable ref-erence standard exists.
s.
These arerages permit a relative comparison of the repeatabil- o
ity tri'ithin laboratorl, precision) and reproducibility (betlveen o
laboratoll prccision) ol- the tension test parameters. Overall, 16. Keywords
this indicates that the failure strain rneasurements exhibit the 16.1 composite materials; modulus of elasticity; Poisson's
least repealabilit,r and reproducibility of all the parameters ratio; tensile properties; tensile strength =o E
T' O'

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