SOFTWARE TESTING - I

SKYTECH SYSTEMS

Contents Software Testing Introduction Quality Principles Software Process SDLC (Software Development Life Cycle) Project Management
SOFTWARE TESTING

2 / 50

SKYTECH SYSTEMS

Contents
Requirement Management Configuration Management Software Testing Fundamentals Testing Policy Vs Quality Policy Testing Economics and Testing Cost Testing Levels Testing Techniques

SOFTWARE TESTING

3 / 50

SKYTECH SYSTEMS

Contents Test Maturity Criteria Verification Process Test Level Model Special Test Types Test Standards Testing Process
4 / 50

SOFTWARE TESTING

SKYTECH SYSTEMS

Software Testing

STATIC

DYNAMIC

Logical Errors

Structural Testing (White Box testing)

Functional Testing (Black Box testing)

Nothing else but functioning

SOFTWARE TESTING

5 / 50

SKYTECH SYSTEMS

Testing A Process of evaluating a particular product to determine whether the product contain any defects Software Testing Software Testing is a process of evaluating a system by manual or automatic means and verify that it satisfies specified requirements or identify differences between expected and actual results.
SOFTWARE TESTING

6 / 50

SKYTECH SYSTEMS

Why Software Testing ? Error Free Efficient Secured Flexible Software Testing is important as it may cause mission failure, impact on operational performance and reliable if not done properly.

SOFTWARE TESTING

7 / 50

SKYTECH SYSTEMS

QUALITY PRINCIPLES
Quality is defined as meeting the Customers requirements in the First time and Every time. Quality is much more than the absence of defects, which allows us to meet customers expectations. There are five perspective of quality- they are
SOFTWARE TESTING

8 / 50

SKYTECH SYSTEMS

Software Quality
Critical Quality Attributes
Maintainability Dependability Efficiency Usability

Other Attributes
Completeness Compatibility Portability Internationalization Understandability Scalability Robustness Testability Reusability Customizability
9 / 50

SOFTWARE TESTING

SKYTECH SYSTEMS

Five perspective of quality

1. Transcendent-I know when I see it. 2. Product based- possesses desired features 3. User based Fitness for use. 4. Development and manufacturing based Confirms to requirements. 5. Value based At an acceptable cost.
SOFTWARE TESTING

10 / 50

SKYTECH SYSTEMS

Why Quality?
Quality is the most important factor affecting an organization's long-term performance. Quality is the way to achieve improved productivity and competitiveness in any organization.

SOFTWARE TESTING

11 / 50

SKYTECH SYSTEMS

Cost of Quality
The three categories of costs associated with producing quality products are

3. Prevention cost : Money required to prevent errors and to do the job right the first time. 4. Appraisal costs : Money Spent to review completed product against requirement. 5. Failure costs : This cost associated with defective products that have been delivered to the user or moved into production.
SOFTWARE TESTING

12 / 50

SKYTECH SYSTEMS

Quality Assurance Vs Quality Control

Quality Assurance - process oriented (Software development) - Defect prevention (Identify & Rectify) Quality Control - Product Oriented (quality of the entire product is checked or tested) - Defect detection 13 / 50 SOFTWARE TESTING

SKYTECH SYSTEMS

Software Process
A particular method of doing some thing, generally involving a number of steps or operations is a process. The process that deals with the technical and management issues of software development is called Software Process.
SOFTWARE TESTING

14 / 50

SKYTECH SYSTEMS

Software Process
Process Projects Products A software process specifies a method of developing software. A software project, on the other hand, is a development project in which a software process is used. A Software product is the outcome of a software project.
SOFTWARE TESTING

15 / 50

SKYTECH SYSTEMS

PLAN
Necessary Actions

Planning & Designing

ACT

DO

Coding & Production

CHECK
Testing & Evaluating

SOFTWARE TESTING

16 / 50

SKYTECH SYSTEMS

Plan : Device a plan. Define your objective and determine and strategy and supporting methods required to achieve that objective. Do : executive the plan. Create the conditions and perform the necessary training to execute the plan. Check : Check the results. Check to determine whether work is progressing according to the plan and whether the results are obtained.

SOFTWARE TESTING

17 / 50

SKYTECH SYSTEMS

SDLC (SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE)

Overview of Software Development Activities Introduction to Various Lifecycles

SOFTWARE TESTING

18 / 50

SKYTECH SYSTEMS

Agenda
Team Organization Deliverable Turn-in
Project Assignments to be posted on the website

Introduction to Software Development Activities Survey of Lifecycle Models

SOFTWARE TESTING

19 / 50

SKYTECH SYSTEMS

Software Engineering
Layered Technology
Key Process Areas
Tools Methods Process Quality

SOFTWARE TESTING

20 / 50

SKYTECH SYSTEMS

Capability Maturity Model

Developed by SEI(Software Engineering Integration) Five Process Maturity Levels
Level 0: Level 1: Level 2: Level 3: Level 4: Level 5: Chaos Initial Repeatable Defined Managed Optimizing
21 / 50

SOFTWARE TESTING

SKYTECH SYSTEMS

Process Principles
Prescribes all major activities Uses resources, within a set of constraints, to produce intermediate and final products May be composed of sub-processes Each activity has entry and exit criteria Activities are organized in a sequence Has a set of guiding principles to explain goals Constraints may apply to activity, resource or product
SOFTWARE TESTING

22 / 50

SKYTECH SYSTEMS

The six Stages of SDLC process are

Requirement Analysis Design Development Testing Implementation Maintenance

SOFTWARE TESTING

23 / 50

SKYTECH SYSTEMS

Requirement Analysis
Study done by organization against customers requirement is documented as SRAS( software requirement analysis specification) The main objective of the requirements analysis is to produce a document that properly specifies all requirements of the customer. SRS(Software Requirement Specification) is the primary output of this phase.
SOFTWARE TESTING

24 / 50

SKYTECH SYSTEMS

Design Process
Decompose entire project into units / modules and prepare dataflow diagram and communication. CDD(Comprehensive Design Document)
= HCL + LLD Design Process High Level Design Low Level Design

HCD

LLD

SOFTWARE TESTING

25 / 50

SKYTECH SYSTEMS

HLD
High-Level Design (system Design)
High-level design is the phase of the life cycle when a logical view of the computer implementation of the solution to the customer requirements is developed.

SOFTWARE TESTING

26 / 50

SKYTECH SYSTEMS

LLD
Low Level Design (Detailed Design)
During the detailed design phase, the view of the application developed during the high level design is broken down into modules and programs. Logic design is done for every program.

SOFTWARE TESTING

27 / 50

SKYTECH SYSTEMS

Coding and unit testing

During the build phase, the detailed design is used to produce the required programs in a programming language. This stage produces the source code, executable, and databases applicable.
SOFTWARE TESTING

28 / 50

SKYTECH SYSTEMS

Testing
Unit testing Integration testing System testing
STATIC(Reviewing) DYNAMIC (Execution)

SOFTWARE TESTING

29 / 50

SKYTECH SYSTEMS

Integration testing
Integration is a systematic approach to building the complete software structure specified in the design from unit-tested modules. Integration plan must specify the order in which the modules are integrated.
SOFTWARE TESTING

30 / 50

SKYTECH SYSTEMS

System Testing
System testing is an activity to validate the software product against the requirement specification. This stage is intended to find defects that can be exposed only by testing the entire system.
SOFTWARE TESTING

31 / 50

SKYTECH SYSTEMS

Acceptance and Installation

Acceptance and installation is the phase in the software life cycle during which a software product is integrated into its operational environment and tested in this environment to ensure that it performs as required. The two basic tasks- getting the software accepted and installing the software at the customer site.

SOFTWARE TESTING

32 / 50

SKYTECH SYSTEMS

Project Management
Project Management is nothing but organising, Planning,ans scheduling software projects.
Project staffing Project planning Project scheduling Project monitoring

SOFTWARE TESTING

33 / 50

SKYTECH SYSTEMS

Risk Management
Software Risks 1. Risk identification : Identify project, product and business risks. 2. Risk analysis : Assess the likelihood and consequences of these risks. 3. Risk planning : Draw up plans to avoid or minimize the effects of the risk. 4. Risk monitoring : Monitor the risks throughout the project
SOFTWARE TESTING

34 / 50

SKYTECH SYSTEMS

Requirements Management
Requirements management is managing changes in the evolving software in a cost effective manner. Changes may come externally or internally. External changes may be due to problem,customer, environment. Internal changes may be due to requirements, design, implementation, testing, maintenance

SOFTWARE TESTING

35 / 50

SKYTECH SYSTEMS

Configuration Management
Standards and procedures for managing changes in an evolving software product is configuration management. New versions of software systems are created as they change for different machines/OS, offering different functionality. Software systems are sometimes called baselines as they are a starting point for further development.
SOFTWARE TESTING

36 / 50

SKYTECH SYSTEMS

Verification and release management

Invent identification scheme for system versions plan when new system version is to be produced. Ensure that version management procedures and tools and properly applied. Plan and distribute new system releases.
37 / 50

SOFTWARE TESTING

SKYTECH SYSTEMS

version/variants/releases
Version : An instance of a system, which is functionally distinct in some way from other system instances. Variant: An instance of a system, which is functionally identical but non-functionally distinct from other instances of a system. Release : An instance of a system, which is distributed to users outside of the development team.
SOFTWARE TESTING

38 / 50

SKYTECH SYSTEMS

Version derivation structure

V 1.1b V 1.1.1

V 1.0

V 1.1 V 1.1a

V 1.2

V 2.0

V 2.1

V 2.2

SOFTWARE TESTING

39 / 50

SKYTECH SYSTEMS

Software Testing Fundamentals

Primary role of software testing?
determine whether the system meets specification (producer view) determine whether the system meets business and user needs (customer view).

SOFTWARE TESTING

40 / 50

SKYTECH SYSTEMS

STF
What is Defects ?
The purpose of testing is to find defects. A defect is a variance from a desired product attribute. Two categories of defects are 2. Variance from product specifications. 4. Variance from customer/user expectation.

SOFTWARE TESTING

41 / 50

SKYTECH SYSTEMS

Defects
1. Wrong : The specifications have been implemented incorrectly. This defect is a variance from customer / user specification. (correctly mentioned in specification but wrongly implemented) 2. Missing : A specified or wanted requirement is not in the built product. This can be a variance from specification, an indication that the specification was not implemented. ( given in specification but missed out in application) 3. Extra : A requirement incorporated into the product that was not specified. This is always a variance from specifications, but may the user of the product desire an attribute. (any thing that dissatisfies)
SOFTWARE TESTING

42 / 50

SKYTECH SYSTEMS

Test case
Set of procedures written by a tester which execute in our system to find defect.
Positive test case negative test case A test case is said to be effective only when both positive and negative cases are prepared.
SOFTWARE TESTING

43 / 50

SKYTECH SYSTEMS

Testing Economics & Cost

Traditional Testing Accumulated Test cost 0 0 0 $ 480 $1690 Error Remaining 20 40 60 12 0
Requirement Design Code Testing Production

Continuous Testing Accumulated Error Remaining 10 15 18 4 0 Test cost $ 10 $ 25 $ 42 $ 182 $ 582

SOFTWARE TESTING

44 / 50

SKYTECH SYSTEMS

TESTING LEVELS
Unit Testing Integration Testing System Testing Acceptance Testing
SOFTWARE TESTING

45 / 50

SKYTECH SYSTEMS

Unit Testing
Unit testing is a testing in which the individual unit of the software are tested in isolation from other parts of a program. Advantage : To catch the defects that occurs at the early stage of software development. To minimize the ration of defects before moving to next level
SOFTWARE TESTING

46 / 50

SKYTECH SYSTEMS

Integration Testing
Integration testing refers to the testing in which software units of an application combined and tested for a communication interfaces between them. Big Bang Testing Bottom Up Testing Top Down Testing
SOFTWARE TESTING

47 / 50

SKYTECH SYSTEMS

Big Bang Testing

Module - 1 Module - 6 Module - 2

System Module - 5 Module - 3

Module - 4

SOFTWARE TESTING

48 / 50

SKYTECH SYSTEMS

Big Bang Testing

A type of integration in which software components of an application are combined all at once into a overall system according to this approach Advantage : To check the data flow from one module to another Communication between various modules is checked
SOFTWARE TESTING

49 / 50

SKYTECH SYSTEMS

Integration
Bottom-up Integration testing :
In bottom up integration, all modules are added or combined from lower level hierarchy to higher level hierarchy I.e., the lower level model is tested in isolation first, then the next set of higher level modules are tested with the previously tested lower modules. Worker modules are grouped into builds and integrated.
SOFTWARE TESTING

50 / 50