Engineers Training on

Seismic Retrofit design of Masonry Buildings

5-9 August 2019, Kathmandu, Nepal

RETROFIT DESIGN OF MASONRY

BUILDING (MANUAL METHOD:INPLANE
ANALYSIS: SHEAR)
Organized By:
National Reconstruction Authority – CLPIU
(Building)
Baliyo Ghar Program (NSET), supported by
USAID

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 Objectives

Upon Completion of this session, the participants will

be able to:
 Perform shear check for designed splint and
bandage and confirm its adequacy in shear
capacity

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 Shear Capacity of
Reinforced Masonry wall
Shear capacity of the masonry wall reinforced with
vertical and horizontal reinforcing steels calculated as

F v  F vm  F vh  F vv
follows:
where,
Fvm = Shear strength of unreinforced masonry
Fvh = Shear resistance due to horizontal bars
Fvv = Shear resistance due to vertical bars
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 Shear strength of
Unreinforced Masonry

 Shear stress of the unreinforced can be

determined using code or in-situ shear test.

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 Case 1: Bed joint sliding

Shear capacity of the masonry wall reinforced with

vertical and horizontal reinforcing steels calculated as

F v  F vm  F vh  F vv
follows:
where,
Fvm = Shear strength of unreinforced masonry
Fvh = Shear resistance due to horizontal bars
Fvv = Shear resistance due to vertical bars
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 Case 1: Bed joint sliding

fvk = shear strength of masonry:

fvk0= shear strength of masonry when 6d = 0,

6d= average compressive stress of cross section of masonry

corresponding to the representative value of gravity load;

u= coefficient of friction of masonry

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 Induced Shear Stress

The characteristic shear strength of an URM wall is

expressed the shear strength per unit area fvk times
the compressed area of the wall.

Where lc is the length of the compressed zone, t is the

thickness of the wall and the characteristic shear
strength fvk is defined as:

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 Induced Shear Stress

Shear Wall Length of Induced Shear

Wall Pier Force, V thk. compression(Lc) stress fv = V/A
2
KN m m N/mm
1-1 1 62.203 0.355 2.92 0.0600

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 Shear strength of
Unreinforced Masonry
 Shear strength is then calculated by multiplying
the shear stress with the cross sectional area of
the wall.
F vm  f vm A
Shear strength value from shear test = 0.105 N/mm2
Allowable shear strength value
(taking 40% of test value) = fvt = 0.042 N/mm2

Allowable
Wall Unreinforced masonry
Shear Length
Wall Pier thk. Strength(Fvm)
Stress
MPa m m KN
1-1 1 0.042 0.355 2.92 44
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 Shear resistance due
to vertical bars
 Shear is resisted by the vertical steel bars

where,
n= number of vertical reinforcing bars
d= diameter of the reinforcing bar
fc= allowable compressive strength of the embedding
mortar or grout
fs = allowable tensile stress in reinforcing bar
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 Shear Resistance due to vertical bars

fc fy fs Fvv
Wall Pier n Size
MPa Mpa MPa KN
1-1 1 6 8.00 4 500 275 150.8

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 Design for Shear
Resistance

The Shear capacity of the wall/ pier should be

greater than the shear force induced in the wall/ pier,
i.e.  F v F vi
Where, Fvi = Shear force induced in wall/ pier
F v  F vm  F vh  F vv

Total Shear Wall thk. Length Shear Strength

Wall Pier Capacity m m MPa
KN
1 1 194 0.355 2.92 0.187
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 Shear Stress:
Induced Vs Capacity

Shear Strength Induced Shear stress Condition

Wall Pier
Mpa MPa
1 1 0.187 0.060 Safe

Shear Resistance > Induced Shear Stress,

Hence, Safe in Shear.

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 Case 2: Diagonal Tension

Diagonal Tension is calculated by:

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 Induced Shear Stress
Shear Wall Length of Induced Shear
Wall Pier Force, V thk. compression(Lc) stress fv = V/A
2
KN m m N/mm
1-1 1 62.203 0.355 2.92 0.0600
Shear Strength of Unreinforced Masonry

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 Shear resistance due
to vertical bars
 Shear is resisted by the vertical steel bars by dowel
action (Ref. Tomazevic):
F vv  0.806nd f c f s
2
where,
n= number of vertical reinforcing bars
d= diameter of the reinforcing bar
fc= allowable compressive strength of the embedding
mortar or grout
fs = allowable tensile stress in reinforcing bar
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 Shear resistance due to vertical bars
fc fy fs Fvv
Wall Pier n Size
MPa Mpa MPa KN
1-1 1 6 8.00 4 500 275 10.2650864

Shear Resistance due to Horizontal Bars

No of horizontal No of bar fy fs Strength of Fvh

Wall Pier Dia
bands /band MPa MPa one bar kN
1-1 1 4 3 4.75 500 275 4.87315017 58.478

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 Design for Shear
Resistance
The Shear capacity of the wall/ pier should be
greater than the shear force induced in the wall/ pier,
i.e.  F v F vi
Where, Fvi = Shear force induced in wall/ pier
F v  F vm  F vh  F vv
Shear
Total Shear Wall thk. Length
Strength
Wall Pier
Capacity m m MPa
KN
1 1 105 0.36 2.92 0.101
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 Shear Stress: Induced
Vs Capacity

Shear Strength Induced Shear stress Condition

Wall Pier
Mpa MPa
1 1 0.101 0.066 Safe

Shear Resistance > Induced Shear Stress,

Hence, Safe in Shear.

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 Review of Objectives

Upon Completion of this session, the participants will

be able to:
 Perform shear check for designed splint and
bandage and confirm its adequacy in shear
capacity

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 Thank You !!!

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 Distribution of Lateral Force to Shear Walls

Flexible Diaphragms

2
2

For fully flexible diaphragms (e.g. timber diaphragm with simple supported joists), walls attract
lateral forces based on tributary areas:
F1 = wL1/2
F2 = wL1/2 + wL2/2
F3 = wL2/2
Horizontal forces are taken from the floors to which the shear walls are directly connected,
unless a “semi-rigid” analysis is carried out.

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 Distribution of Lateral Force to Shear Walls

Rigid Diaphragms : translation without rotation

2
3

ki = lateral stiffness of wall Equilibrium:

for solid, cantilevered walls H = F1 + F2 + F1 = ∑ Fi
= k 1 ∆ + k2 ∆ + k1 ∆ = ∑ ki ∆

or summation of pier stiffness for perforated

shear wall

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