Arellano University – Malabon

Elisa Esguerra Campus

Gen. Luna St., Brgy. Bayan-bayanan, Malabon City

Name: Ms. Kim Garcia

st
STEM 12-2P Concept Notes #2 21 Century Literacy
SPANISH COLONIZATION (1565-1863)
- Dominicans put out Doctrina Cristina, the first printed book (1593 )
- Fr. Francisco de San Joseph, popularly known as Blancas de San Jose, introduced printing by
typography. (1602 )
- Tomas Pinpin, ladino or bilingual, published his Spanish grammar for the use of the Tagalogs
(1610)
NATIONALISTIC PERIOD
- Noli Me Tangere (Touch Me Not) is (1888)
published. It exposed Spain’s abuse of the - Zarzuela is introduced (1893)
Philippines as well as its people - Antonio Luna published La Independencia,
- El Filibusterismo (Subversion) is published. a Spanish revolutionary literature (1899)
It is dedicated in memory of GOMBURZA.
Essential Features of Spanish Literatures
-Literature was used as tool for religious conquest
- Alibata, the first Filipino alphabet was replaced by Roman script.
- Spanish language became the literary language.
- Literature was predominantly religious and moral in character and tone.
- Nationalistic Period (1846-1896) saw the growth of reformist and revolutionary literatures.
- Reformed movement used literature as means to protest issues to expose and condemn
Spanish abuses and provoke the people into action.
- The rich young Filipinos studied liberal arts in Europe. They introduced the reformist
literature.
-The oppressed lower classes agitated for reforms. There was a shift in the use of language from
Spanish to Tagalog.
- Realism emerged in the Philippine writing through Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo.
-Lyric, narrative, corrido, pasyon, duplo, karagatan, comedia, moromoro, cenakulo, zarzuela,
carillo, biographies, saints, and doctrines were some of the famous

1565—establishment of the 1st permanent settlement in the Philippines of the Spanish Monarchy and
Roman Catholic Religion
2 Social Classes created by the establishment of the Spanish power in Pueblos (town)

TAGA-BAYAN - These people are considered

as URBANE and CIVILIZED. They were in easy
range of the church and state.
TAGA-BUKID - These people are called INDIO
and they were the ones who lived far from the
center of the Spanish power.
Parish Priest—the embodiment of Spanish power and culture who exerted a pervasive influence on
Filipinos; owned and controlled the printing press.
Characteristics of Spanish Colonial Literature
Content: Christian Ideals Characteristics of Spanish Colonial Literature
Form: Pre-Colonial Form Fr. Juan de Placencia and Fr. Domingo Nieva: Doctrina Christiana (1st published
work in the Philippines, published in XYLOGRAPHY, written in Tagalog and Spanish)
Educational System
Curriculum: 3 R’s (reading, writing and arithmetic)
Educational System Purpose: to impart the fundamental of Christian Doctrines to the children
Ladinos—Filipinos who were able to write and read in Latin
1. Pedro Bukaneg-Iloko
2. Tomas Pinpin—Tagalog
3. Fernando Bagongbanta
Types of Literature
PASYON—a Christian narrative poem intended to replace the epic poems of the pagan past.
SENAKULO—a stage plays on the passion and death of Christ.
KOMEDYA—drew its plot from medieval Spanish ballads; exemplified the virtuous of religious curiosity
and steadfast loyalty of the monarch Gaspar Aquino de Belen: Ang Mahal na Pasion ni Jesu Cristong
Panginoon Natin.
2 Types of Narrative Poems

AWIT -its strophe is consisted of 4 monoryhming octosyllabic lines.

monoryhming dodecasyllabic lines
KORIDO —its strophe is consisted of 4

• Francisco Baltazar discovered in 1974 which has 3 love plots and

Florante at Laura the characters are affected by passion.
• Orosman and Zafira • Modesto de Castro
Urbana at Feliza

1863—Education from elementary to college became available to the native Filipinos, eventually gave
rise to the Filipino intelligencia
La Solidaridad—the newspaper of the Propaganda Movement

2 Literary Genres that were developed 2 Languages used in writing

- Novel 1. Spanish—the language of the elite and the
- Essay early Propagandistas

2. Tagalog—the language of the “masa”,

therefore nationalis
Pedro Paterno - NINAY (the 1st Filipino novel.)
SAMPAGUITA -a collection of Spanish poems that marked the beginning of national consciousness
among the Filipino intelligencia
Jose P. Rizal - NOLI ME TANGERE (the 1st novel that used social realism as a literary concept).
-EL FILIBUSTERISMO (offered a wealth of political insight that showed Rizal’s mind
Marcelo H. del Pilar (Plaridel) -editor of La Solidaridad
Andres Bonifacio - The Supremo of the Katipunan
Emilio Jacinto - wrote LIWANAG at DILIM
1898—The Treaty of Paris where Spain ceded the Philippines to the Americans
This Summary Lecture was based from Kahayon and Zulueta, 2000 Philippine Literature Through the
Years National Book Store.