IG1 Element 1 - Complete - 10.09.2020

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ELEMENT 1
Why we should manage workplace

Health and Safety ?

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Multi-Disciplinary
• Occupational health and safety is a multi disciplinary field

concerned with the safety, health and welfare of people at work.

Health and safety practitioners need to be familiar with:

• Chemistry/physics/ biology.
• Engineering (Mechanical , Civil , Electrical).

• Psychology-Different behaviours
• Sociology- Different culture , value system

• Legislation:
– ISO 45001 Standards that apply.

– Strengths and weaknesses of laws & regulation.

Barriers to promoting good standards of H&S

• Complexity of the workplace : problem involving the co-ordination of different

worker
- carrying variety of work activities in the workplace – so different action to be

taken.
- Issue of requiring extensive background knowledge

• Conflicting demands:
– Timescales. ( deadlines)
– Standards. ( ISO 45001 , OSHA standard)

– Budgets.( Finance , Fund , Money)

• Competing: Due to Competition between similar organization

-industry lead to quote low cost.

• Behavioural issues:
– People failing to act as desired, or making mistakes due to their negligence

and ignorance.
Practice Questions
• What are the potential barriers to achieving good

standards of health & Safety?

Health
What is Health? - It is absence of Ill-Health.

The protection of the bodies and minds of people from illness resulting from the
materials, processes or procedures used in the workplace.

The term “health” can be defined as a state of well-being in both a

physiological and psychological sense.

Examples :
• Absence of toxic Chemicals at workplace so no chances of fatality,

• Absence of excessive noise so no chances of NIHL ,

• Absence of High temperatures at workplace so no chances of Sun Stroke ,

dehydration
• Absence of poor ventilation so no asphyxiation .

Safety
What is Safety? - Absence the risk of accident and protection of people from
physical injury
The term “Safety” can be defined as the absence of danger or physical harm to
persons, extending in the workplace to things such as equipment, materials

and structures.
Examples :
• The absence of hazards such as fire, electricity, plant and machinery, Noise
, Vibration etc at workplace .

• Protection from physical injury like Guards on Machine,

• LOTO system for Electrical Panels etc.

Welfare
What is Welfare?- The provision of accessibility of Basic facilities to

maintain the health and well-being of individuals at the workplace.

“Welfare” relates to the provision of workplace facilities that

maintain the basic wellbeing and comfort of the worker such as

eating, washing and toilet facilities which enable them to fulfill their
bodily functions.
Examples of Welfare Facilities :

Washing and sanitation arrangements, the provision of drinking water,

heating, lighting, accommodation for clothing, seating (when required

by the work activity or for rest), eating and rest rooms.

Welfare Requirements
•
Drinking water
•
Sanitary conveniences
•
Washing facilities
•
Changing rooms
•
Accommodation for clothing

•
Rest and eating facilities

1.1 Morals and Money

•
Moral Expectation of good standards of H&S

•
The Financial cost of Incidents (Insured and Uninsured costs)

Reasons for maintaining

Good standard of Health & Safety

•
Moral Reason
Ethical and Responsible behaviour

•
Legal Reason (Social)

Criminal and Civil liability

•
Financial ( Economic)
The costs of accidents and ill-health

Practice Question
What are the reasons for maintaining

and promoting good standards of health

and safety in the workplace?

Moral Expectations (Moral reasons)

As per ILO statistics:

• Around 270 million occupation accidents happens in a year.

• Around 160 million occupation diseases happens in a year

• Around 2 million people dies in a year due to occupation diseases & accidents
• 4% GDP (Gross Domestic Product) of whole world is affected by losses & arise
from an accident.
• Around 3,55,000 fatal accidents happens in a year, in which most occurs in

agriculture of finishing field.

• Above statistics says that most of the people who come to earn money loss their
life due to their occupation. Hence it is a moral duty of an employer to ensure

the safety of a worker.

Moral Expectations (reasons)

•
Moral expectation is based on Humanitarian ground

•
It is a Ethical way to provide good H&S.

•
Moral Obligation not to cause harm to others

•
Moral Reason is a right way to do the things rightly.

•
When H&S is not managed properly, people get killed and suffered from
injuries.
• People may suffer from terrible diseases which can have massive impact on
them, their dependents, families, relatives, friends & colleagues, such

suffering shall not be acceptable morally in managing good H&S.

• The moral reasons is free from any occupational accident and disease at the
workplace to all workers so that everyone returning home happily in healthy

condition.
Financial Reasons
Financial reasons
• Any accident or incidence of ill health will affect the financial

resources.
• Due to major accidents , organization get closed because of

heavy losses incurred.

• Accidents damages its market values.

• Can make the organization out of business within no time.

Types of Cost involved

•
Direct cost
•
Indirect cost
•
Insured cost
•
Uninsured cost
Direct cost
• Direct costs are the costs which are directly related to the
accident.
• “The cost to an organization which can be directly

quantified or measured from the incident or accidents is

known as Direct cost. “

Examples of Direct cost

• Damage cost to buildings, equipment or vehicles;

•
Claims cost on employers & public liability insurance;

• Maintenance cost of machinery & plant

•
Production loss cost;

•
Absence cost of employees.

• Fines(cost) resulting from prosecution by enforcement authority;

•
Worker sick pay (cost);

• Repair cost to product, equipment, vehicles;

•
Staff replacement cost;

•
Increases in insurance premiums cost resulting from the accident;

• Compensation cost not covered by the insurance policy;

•
legal representation cost following any compensation claim.

Indirect cost
These are costs which may not be directly attributable to

the accident but may result from a series of accidents.

The cost to an organization which can’t be immediately

quantified or measured from the incident or accidents is

known as “Indirect cost”.

Examples of Indirect cost

•
Production delays;
•
Accident investigation time and any subsequent remedial action required;

•
Product or process liability claims;

•
Recruitment cost of replacement staff.

•
Training cost of replacement staff;

•
Extra overtime payments;

•
Lost time for other employees, such as first-aid staff, who helps to injured
person;
•
Additional administration time incurred;

•
Lower employee morale possibly leading to reduced productivity.

•
Cumulative business loss;

•
Loss of goodwill and a poor corporate image;

Difference between Insured Cost & Uninsured Cost

• Insured Costs
Uninsured Costs
• Claims cost on employers • Fines(cost) resulting from prosecution by enforcement

authority;
& public liability insurance; • Worker sick pay (cost);

• Damage cost to buildings, • Repair cost to product, equipment, vehicles;

• Staff replacement cost;

equipment or vehicles;
• Increases in insurance premiums cost resulting from the

• Maintenance cost of
accident;
machinery & plant

• Compensation cost not covered by the insurance policy;

• Production loss cost;

• legal representation cost following any compensation claim.

• Absence cost of • Loss of goodwill and a poor corporate image;

• Recruitment cost of replacement staff.

employees.
• Training cost of replacement staff;

• Cumulative business loss • Extra overtime payments;

•
Lost time for other employees, such as first-aid staff, who helps
to injured person;
• Additional administration time incurred;

• Lower employee morale possibly leading to reduced productivity
Practice Question
• Serious accident has occurred to a worker and there will be

costs to the organization as a result.

(a) Explain four costs which are likely to be insured.

(b) Explain four costs which are likely to be uninsured.

Economic (Financial) benefits for

implementing H&S in an organization

•
High Profitability
•
Production Efficiency
•
Reputation of Business
•
Insurance premium
•
Legal cost
•
Compensation
•
Medical claims
•
Reduce absenteeism
•
Sick leaves
•
Awarding Tender bidding

•
Stake holders satisfaction

Economic (Financial) impact for not

implementing H&S in an organization

•
Low Profitability due to accident costs;

• Low Production Efficiency;

•
Tarnish of Public image;

•
High Insurance premium;

•
Legal cost Expenditure;

•
Compensation pay out;

• Increase in Medical claims;

•
High absenteeism at workplace;

•
More Sick leaves;

•
Less chances of winning into Tender bidding;

•
Stake holders complaints .

Practice Questions
• What are the possible costs to an organization following an accident in a

workplace?
OR
• What are the possible costs to an organization resulting from inadequate health
and safety standards.

• What are the possible costs to an organization due to work related ill health.
( Hint : do not write the first aid cost , repair cost of machinery , damage cost ,
injury cost because the worker got ill health like fever or something . No accident
happened on the site so please write the ill health related associated cost )
Employers' liability Insurance

This is to cover employer’s liability in the event of injuries,

fatalities and work-related ill-health to its employees and others

who may be affected by their operations during accidents.

Employers' liability Insurance

Why Employer’s liability insurance required?

• It ensures that, any employee, who sues his/her employer following an accident, is
assured of receiving compensation irrespective of the financial position of the

employer in the civil courts.

Who will be benefited from Employer’s liability insurance?

• Both employees and employer shall be benefited.

Practice Question
• What are the reasons why it is important that an

organization maintains employer’s liability insurance?

Compensation
The event of any injury / ill-health, the employer provides some relief
in financial support or legal support is generally called compensation.

• Fault Based Compensation

• No-fault Based Compensation

Benefits of good standards of H&S

1. Increased levels of compliance

2. Improved production
3. Improved staff morale

4. Improved company reputation

5. Reduced accidents
6. Reduced ill health

7. Reduced damage to equipment

8. Reduced staff complaints

9. Reduced staff turnover

10.Reduced insurance premiums

11.Reduced fines and compensation claims

Practice Question
• What are the benefits to employers if they maintain good

health and safety standards at workplace?

ILO (International Labour Organisation)

ILO is built on the constitutional principle that universal and lasting peace can
only be established if it is based upon social justice.

•
ILO does the Conventions (Total 189 convetions till date) and
Recommendation in the field of OSH.

• Conventions- If these conventions are ratified by enough governments, they

come in force.
• Recommendations do not have the binding force of conventions and are not
subject to ratification.
Employers’ Responsibilities
Article 16 of C155:
1. Employers shall be required to ensure that the workplaces,

machinery, equipment and processes under their control are

safe and without risk to health.

2. Employers shall be required to ensure that the chemical,

physical and biological substances and agents under their

control are without risk to health when the appropriate

measures of protection are taken.

3. Employers shall be required to provide adequate protective

clothing and protective equipment to prevent risk of accidents

or of adverse effects on health.

Article 10 of R164: ( Obligation placed upon Employer)

• to give necessary instructions and training, taking account of

the functions and capacities of different categories of workers;

• to provide adequate supervision of work, of work practices and

of application and use of occupational safety and health

measures;
• to institute organizational arrangements regarding occupational

safety and health and the working environment adapted to the

size of the undertaking and the nature of its activities;

Article 10 of R164: ( Obligation placed upon Employer)

• to ensure that work organisation, particularly with respect to hours of work

and rest breaks, does not adversely affect occupational safety and health;
•
to take all reasonably practicable measures with a view to eliminating

excessive physical and mental fatigue;

• to undertake studies and research or otherwise keep abreast of the scientific

and technical knowledge necessary to comply with the foregoing clauses

Summarizing
To Provide :
• Safe System of Work

• Safe Plant and Machinery

• Safe Place to Work

• IITS
• PPE
• Organizational arrangement
• Work Hours & Rest Breaks

• Excessive physical & Mental Fatigue

• Up-to-date with knowledge

Practice Question
• What are the main health and safety responsibilities of

Employers?
IITS
IITS
• I- Information
• I- Instruction
• T- Training
• S- Supervision
Back to link
COMPETENCY
KATES
• K- Knowledge
• A- Ability
• T- Training
• E- Experience
• S- Skills
Back to link
Employee or Worker’s Responsibility

Employee /Worker’s Responsibility

As per Article 19 of C155 ensuring that workers—

(a) workers, in the course of performing their work, to co-

operate in the fulfilment by their employer of the obligations

placed upon him;

(b) Workers to co-operate with the employer in the field of

occupational safety and health;

Employee /Worker’s Responsibility

As per Article R164 Article 16.

(a) take reasonable care for their own safety and that of other persons who
may be affected by their acts or omissions at work;

(b) comply with instructions given for their own safety and health and those
of others and with safety and health procedures;

(c) use safety devices and protective equipment correctly and do not render
them inoperative;
(d) report forthwith to their immediate supervisor any situation which they
have reason to believe could present a hazard and which they cannot
themselves correct;
(e) report any accident or injury to health which arises in the course of or in
connection with work

Employee’s / Workers’ Rights

Article 19 of C155 states that every worker must be:

1. Given adequate information on actions the employer has

taken to ensure safety and health.

2. Given the right to the necessary training in safety and health.

3. Consulted by the employer on all matters of safety and health

relating to their work.

4. Given the right to leave a workplace that he has reason to

think presents an imminent and serious danger to his life or

health, so he will not be compelled to return until workplace

is safe.
Practice Question
• Explain the main health and safety responsibilities of

workers.
Where you can find information

on national standards?
Sources of Information on International

Standards
•
ILO-Conventions & Recommendations , ILO-OSH 2001

•
Health and Safety Executive (HSE); UK

•
European Agency for Safety and Health at Work (EU); Spain

•
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), USA;

•
Institution of Occupational Safety & Health (IOSH), UK

•
Work safe (Western Australia);

•
British Safety Council, UK

•
Codes of Practice (CoP) / Approved Code of Practice (ACoP)

•
European and British Standards;

•
HSE publications, such as Approved Codes of Practice.

Other External Source of Information

•
Guidance documents,
•
Leaflets, books and various websites;

•
Health and safety magazines and journals;

•
Information published by trade associations & trade unions;

•
Specialist technical and legal publications;

•
Information and data from manufacturers and suppliers (e.g.

Instruction Manuals , MSDS) ;

• The internet & Encyclopedias related to H&S.

Other International Standards

• ISO, (International Organization for Standardization) is a

network of the national standards institutes of 162 countries

with a Central Secretariat based in Geneva, Switzerland.

•
ISO 9001 (Quality) ;

•
ISO 14001 (Environment) ;

•
ISO 45001:2018 (Safety) ;

•
ISO 50001 (Energy Management).

Practice Question
Question:
1. Other than the ILO, What are the other International Source
of Information ?
2. What are the external source of Information?

Legal Reasons
Legal reasons
Law is important, because people, organization, money minded businesses do not

follow the rule of law and want to have chaos, maximum profit on others life.
Laws protect our general safety, and ensure our rights as citizens against abuses by
other people, by organizations, and by the government itself.

• The legal reasons concerning the employer’s duty of care in criminal and civil
law.
• Legal enforcement indicate the legal consequences resulting from breaches in

health and safety law.

• Responsibilities of the employer to implement Rules & Regulations at the

workplace for ensuring the safety at workplace.

Legal reasons
•
Legal Laws ( Civil Law , Criminal Law )

•
Prosecution by Enforcement Agencies if breach of law

•
HASAWA Act 1974 ( Health and Safety at Work etc.)

•
MHSWR 1999 (Management of Health and Safety at Work

Regulations)
• ILO Conventions and Recommendations R164 & convention

C155
• Statutory guidelines & requirement

• National Laws & Local Laws

What Enforcement agencies do and

what happens if you do not comply

The Role of Enforcement Agencies

Enforcement Agencies take enforcement action against the

duty holders If they fail to achieve ILO Convention and

recommendation or national laws:

It may lead to enforcement action by the authorities including

prosecution, penalties , punishment before the courts.

The Role of Enforcement Agencies

•
Responsible for enforcing health and safety laws,

•
Provide H&S policy

•
Advise on H&S guidelines

•
Deal immediately with serious risks (so they prevent harm)

•
Investigate workplace accident,

•
Take formal enforcement action for not complying with law

•
Start criminal proceeding

What happens if you do not comply?

Consequences of non-compliance
Breach of H&S legislation is a criminal offence leading to:

1. Enforcement action:
• Issue verbal advisory or warning

• Issue written Improvement notice or Prohibition notice

• Withdrawing approvals
• Varying licenses, conditions or exemptions

2. Fines:
• The enforcement agencies (e.g. labor inspector , Pollution control Board

Authorities ) can still control the fulfillment of the legal obligations and can
impose punishments & penalties.

3. Prosecution in Criminal Court :

• Outcome may be fined or imprisonment for individual or Organization.

Consequences of non-compliance
4. Legal action :
• Against employee or employer (banned from the job / business)

5. Claiming compensation :
Financial compensation to workers, who become ill-health or involved in

accidents , may include:

• Indemnification – as per harm or Loss

• Monetary benefits - Remuneration

• Deferred compensation
Formal Enforcement Action

(Improvement Notices and Prohibition Notices)

• Enforcement agencies may serve an improvement notice for

specify the period for compliance and in that period the recipient
of the improvement notice may lodge an appeal with the

employment tribunal.
• Enforcement agencies may serve a Prohibition notice on

employer / organization the activity in question has been carried

on but has been temporarily suspended as a result of an accident

Practice Question
Q- What are the consequences that could be faced by the

employer when they breach health and safety legislation

• What actions an enforcement agency may take following an

accident at work.
Q- What actions an enforcement authority might take if it finds

that an employer is not fulfilling its responsibilities.

• OR
• What action that an enforcement agency may take if a

workplace is unsafe.
ELEMENT 1.3
Who does what in

organizations
Roles of Directors
Roles & Responsibilities of Directors (MD/CEO)

• He will be a part of Top management in an organization for

making all decisions related to H&S .

• they must demonstrate clear commitment and visible

leadership with regard to H&S.

• Directors need to ensure that H&S responsibilities are properly

discharged.
• Keep the OHSMS up to date .

• Adequate resources allocation to establish implement and

maintain the OHSMS

Roles & Responsibilities of Directors

(MD/CEO)
• To Carry out an annual review of OHSMS performance;

• Ensure that there are effective OHSMS for monitoring and reporting on the
organization's H&S performance;

• Ensure that any significant H&S failures and their investigation are
communicated to them;
• Ensure that when decisions are made towards H&S implications are fully
considered;
• Ensure that regular audits are carried out to check that effective H&S risk
management systems are in place.

• Hiring one or more competent person to assist the organization to meet out
requirement of OHSMS
Summarizing Roles & Responsibilities of

Directors (MD/CEO)
•
Making all decisions related to H&S;

•
Demonstrate clear commitment and visible leadership;

•
Ensure H&S responsibilities are properly discharged;

•
Keep OHSMS up to date;

•
Adequate resources allocation;

•
Carry out an annual review of OHSMS performance;

•
Ensure effective OHSMS monitoring & reporting;

•
Ensure significant H&S failures and their investigation;

•
Ensure decisions towards H&S fully considered;

•
Ensure regular audits are carried out ;

•
Hiring competent person.

How Top management can demonstrate

commitment
•
Making resources available to design

•
Implement and maintain the OHSMS

•
Defining roles and responsibilities

•
Appointing senior managers with specific responsibility for

H&S
• Appointing competent people (internal and external, including

specialists) to help the organisation meet its H&S obligations

• Reviewing H&S performance.

Practice Questions
Q- What ways in which senior management can demonstrate

commitment to health and safety in the workplace?

Q- What are the Duties of senior managers in implementing H & S

management system?
Q- What are the health and safety roles and responsibilities of

Senior Manager or Director ?

Roles of Managers
•Middle managers and supervisors are involved in the

day-to-day operational running of the organisation so

are responsible for the health and safety standards

within the operations under their control.

Roles of Managers
• The day-to-day operational being managed by middle manager

or supervisor in an organization.
• Managers and supervisors are essential communication links

between the top management and the workforce.

• They should ensure that the agreed H&S standards are

communicated to the workers and adherence to those standards

is monitored effectively in all respective departments

Role
of
Supervisors
Role of Supervisors
Supervisors should ensure that:

• In their department they understand the risks associated

with their workplace & the measures available to control

them;
• the risk control measures are up to date and are being

properly used, maintained and monitored;

• workers are encouraged to raise concerns over any

shortcomings in H&S provision;

Role of Supervisors
Supervisors should ensure that:

• Arrangements are in place to supervise the work of contractors.

• Supervisors are responsible to and report to their Departmental

Manager.
• Supervisors are responsible & accountable for their team‘s H&S

performance;
• enforce all safe systems of work procedures that have been issued
by the Departmental Manager.

Practice Question
• What are the health and safety roles and responsibilities of

Supervisor?
Departmental managers
(Line Managers)
The prime responsibility of managers (Line managers)::

• are responsible and accountable for the health and safety performance of
their department;
• are responsible for the engagement and management of contractors and

that they are properly supervised;

• Must ensure that any machinery, equipment or vehicles used within the
department are maintained, correctly guarded and meet agreed health and
safety standards.
• Copies of records of all maintenance, statutory and insurance inspections

must be kept by the Departmental Manager;

Role and responsibilities of Workers

(Employees):
• Workers have a responsibility to take reasonable care of their own

health and safety and that of other people who might be affected by
what they do (or don’t do).

• Workers must also co-operate with their employer on matters of

health and safety.

• Every worker should have Health and Safety Awareness Training to

learn about their rights and responsibilities for implementing

OHSMS
• Wearing appropriate personal protective equipment.

Roles & Responsibilities

of a H&S Specialist
Roles & Responsibilities of a H&S

Specialist
• Typical responsibilities include:

– Providing advice and guidance on health and safety standards.

– Promoting a positive safety culture.

– Advising management on accident prevention.

– Developing and implementing policy & OHSMS.

– Overseeing the development of adequate risk assessments.

– Identifying training needs.

– Monitoring health and safety performance.

– Overseeing accident-reporting and investigations.

Practice Question
• What are the health and safety roles and responsibilities of

Safety Officer ?
Controllers of Premises
Controllers of Premises
•To the extent that they have control, controllers of premises are responsible for
ensuring that the premises are safe to use as a workplace, and that there is safe
access to it and egress from it.

(3) Where a person has, by virtue of any contract or tenancy, an obligation of any
extent in relation to—

• (a) the maintenance or repair of any premises to which this section applies or
any means of access thereto or egress therefrom; or

• (b) the safety of or the absence of risks to health arising from plant or substances
in any such premises;

The Self-Employed
The Self-Employed
• The self-employed have responsibilities that are

similar to employees’:
• To take reasonable care of their own health and

safety and the health and safety of others who

might be affected by their acts or omissions.

Role of Suppliers, Manufacturers,

Designers, Importers
They have responsibilities to ensure :

• Their products are safe.

• Product are adequately designed and tested so as to be safe for their

intended purpose.
• Manufacture must eliminate the known defect in their product , must

provide safety devices, give adequate information about how to use the
product and put warning stickers on the product advising consumers about
potential dangers.
• Product should come with appropriate instructions, manual .

• Appropriately tested so as their hazardous properties are understood.

• Properly packed and labelled.

• Provide safety data sheet (SDS) of the chemical products.

Practice Question
What are the role of Suppliers , Manufacturers , Designers &

Importers in the supply chain .

Contractor Management
• Contractor management is the managing of outsourced work

performed for an individual company (employer or organization);

• Contractor management implements a system that manages

contractor’s health and safety information, insurance

information, training programs and specific documents that

pertain to the contractor and the client.

Client & Contractor

Who is client?
A person or an organization that authorized/ engage a contractor-

as vendor/ service provider/ suppliers/ out sourced for various

work / job / service/ supply requirements.

Who is contractor?
A person or an organization (as a vendor/ service provider/

suppliers/ out sourced) engaged to do certain work / job/ service/

supply requirements time to time by the client (employer or

organization)
Clients and Contractors

The way that a client manages contractors can be broken

down into five key areas:

•
Selecting the contractor;

•
Planning the work;

•
Co-ordinating the work;

•
Monitoring the work;

•
Managing the Work.

Pre-selection criteria of Contractor

(Factors of Selecting the Contractor)

Things you should check:

• A copy of their health and safety policy;

• Examples of risk assessments and method statements;

• The qualifications and training records of staff;

• Membership of a professional organisation or certified body;

• Records of maintenance and test for plant and equipment;

• Names of previous or current clients to use as references;

• Accident history records;

• Records of enforcement action taken by authorities against them;

• Proof of adequate resources, such as access to specialist safety advice.

Practice Question
• List the criteria that might be used to assess the suitability of

a contractor to undertake work on behalf of a client.

OR
• What are the factors that should be considered when

assessing the health and safety competence of a contractor?

Planning the Work between

Client & Contractor

During the planning stage the following Information to be

shared between client and contractor:

•Prior to the start of work, health and safety policies should be

exchanged;
•The contractor must be given basic site and H&S information of

the workplace by the client, such as welfare, fire safety,

emergency procedures, significant hazardous material storage,

chemical storage etc.

•Hazards posed by the site and work carried out;

•Hazards posed by the contractor’s activities;

•Risk assessments;
•Method statements.
Co-ordination of Work between client &

contractor
To avoid any conflict between the client and the contractors

during stages of the work, coordination is mandatory and

should be mutually resolved without affecting work and

others.
Therefore, coordination should include:

– Ensuring activities don’t conflict;

– Permit-to-work system to control high risk activities;

– Key contacts from both sides , e.g. works foreman

identified to ensure continuity.

Monitor and Control between

client & contractor

• Clients must - Monitor the work to ensure safety;

• The client can - stop the work if contractor involves unsafe

practices;
• Follow ups as per risk assessment shared between both ;

• Follow ups as per SSW , PTW, Methods statement shared between

both ;
• PPEs & Safety Equipment being used at the workplace;

• Client can go for Safety inspections & Safety Audit against agreed
method statements to monitor the H&S performance of

contractor.
Managing the work
Between client and contractors

Following arrangement should be made between client and

contractors for ensuring safe managing of the work.

• If any deviation identify, work should be stopped for review

till mutually agreed again by both;

• Adequate welfare facilities ;

• Adequate resources availability;

• Time management and dead line;

• Priority;
• Legal compliances ;
• Emergency readiness and preparedness;

Practice Question
• How the organization could reduce the risk to contractors

before the project starts and during the project?

• An organization has all of its maintenance work carried out

by contractors. how the organization can help to ensure that

this work is carried out safely.

Responsibilities of organization who share

a workplace to work together on health

and safety issues ( C155 Article 17, R164

Recommendation 11)
(Shared responsibilities of Occupiers)

What is shared premises / Workplaces?

• A workplace which is occupied or shared by more than

one organization.
• As per Article-17 of ILO C155 (Convention) which guides

that:
• Whenever two or more undertakings engage in activities

simultaneously at one workplace, they shall collaborate in

applying the requirements of this Convention.

Why need of shared responsibilities?

• When two or more employers share a workplace there could

be risk to each other by anyone whosoever not maintaining

a good health and safety management system at workplace.

• Therefore it becomes a responsibility to each other for

mutual cooperation and coordination for their activities to

ensure good health and safety management systems in the

shared workplaces.
(Joint Occupiers of Premises)

Shared Responsibilities
SHARED RESPONSIBLITIES include:

• Sharing of procedures, eg. Fire and emergency response;

• Both the organization should share the evacuation plan during

fire break out;

• Sharing of risk assessments;

• Joint management-committee meetings;

• Information of the work carried out by the different

organization’s employees, so that a combined plan is made;

• Create a effective communication among all the organization’s

employees.
Practice Question
• Two organizations share the same worksite. how the

organizations could work together to help ensure the

workplace is safe and healthy.

Any question?
Thanks

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Rahul Aren Rahul Aren Rahul Aren Rahul Aren Rahul Aren Rahul Aren Rahul Aren Rahul

Why we should manage workplace

Health and Safety ?

• Occupational health and safety is a multi disciplinary field

concerned with the safety, health and welfare of people at work.

Health and safety practitioners need to be familiar with:

• Engineering (Mechanical , Civil , Electrical).

• Sociology- Different culture , value system

– ISO 45001 Standards that apply.

– Strengths and weaknesses of laws & regulation.

Barriers to promoting good standards of H&S

• Complexity of the workplace : problem involving the co-ordination of different

- carrying variety of work activities in the workplace – so different action to be

- Issue of requiring extensive background knowledge

– Standards. ( ISO 45001 , OSHA standard)

– Budgets.( Finance , Fund , Money)

• Competing: Due to Competition between similar organization

-industry lead to quote low cost.

– People failing to act as desired, or making mistakes due to their negligence

• What are the potential barriers to achieving good

standards of health & Safety?

What is Health? - It is absence of Ill-Health.

materials, processes or procedures used in the workplace.

The term “health” can be defined as a state of well-being in both a

physiological and psychological sense.

• Absence of toxic Chemicals at workplace so no chances of fatality,

• Absence of excessive noise so no chances of NIHL ,

• Absence of High temperatures at workplace so no chances of Sun Stroke ,

• Absence of poor ventilation so no asphyxiation .

persons, extending in the workplace to things such as equipment, materials

, Vibration etc at workplace .

• Protection from physical injury like Guards on Machine,

• LOTO system for Electrical Panels etc.

What is Welfare?- The provision of accessibility of Basic facilities to

maintain the health and well-being of individuals at the workplace.

“Welfare” relates to the provision of workplace facilities that

maintain the basic wellbeing and comfort of the worker such as

Examples of Welfare Facilities :

Washing and sanitation arrangements, the provision of drinking water,

heating, lighting, accommodation for clothing, seating (when required

by the work activity or for rest), eating and rest rooms.

Accommodation for clothing

Rest and eating facilities

1.1 Morals and Money

Moral Expectation of good standards of H&S

The Financial cost of Incidents (Insured and Uninsured costs)

Reasons for maintaining

Good standard of Health & Safety

Ethical and Responsible behaviour

Legal Reason (Social)

Criminal and Civil liability

The costs of accidents and ill-health

What are the reasons for maintaining

and promoting good standards of health

and safety in the workplace?

Moral Expectations (Moral reasons)

As per ILO statistics:

• Around 270 million occupation accidents happens in a year.

• Around 160 million occupation diseases happens in a year

• Around 3,55,000 fatal accidents happens in a year, in which most occurs in

agriculture of finishing field.

life due to their occupation. Hence it is a moral duty of an employer to ensure