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Transducers and frequency bands for plain bearing

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Aug 21, 2023 2:36 PM

https://power-mi.com/content/transducers-and-frequency-bands-plain-
bearing-measurements
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Plain bearings
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Transducers and frequency

bands for plain bearing
measurements
By Alfonso Fernandez

Introduction to maintenance

Vibration analysis fundamentals

Vibration sensors and measurement devices

Vibration standards

Imbalance and phase measurement

Low frequency fault diagnosis

Plain bearings

Troubleshooting of plain bearings

Transducers and frequency bands for plain bearing measurements

Gears
Rolling element bearings

AC induction motors

Resonance

When carrying out vibration measurements on bearings, it is necessary to take into

account which will be the most suitable transducer. Investigations carried out on the
reliability of vibration measurements in bearings with hydrodynamic lubrication have
led to the conclusion that in these bearings there is an attenuation of the vibration
signal, losing part of the information, when taking measurements with contact
sensors attached to the bearing housing. As we already saw in chapter 3, there are
non-contact sensors on the market called proximeters, whose operation is based on
the emission of radiofrequency signals whose contact with the shaft induces eddy
currents that depend on the gap between the shaft and the bearing.

This type of non-contact sensors are the most recommended for vibration
measurements in plain bearings, and the most convenient way of mounting these
sensors is by placing on each bearing two radial transducers 90° apart. This will
allow the possibility of obtaining shaft orbits using a multichannel analyzer.

At present, the application of these sensors is limited to online monitoring systems,

through which we obtain continuously on the screen an overall vibration reading. In
advance, alarm values are established according to API, ISO, VDI, etc. or following the
manufacturer's recommendations, so that if these vibration levels are exceeded at
some point, the machine will automatically stop its operation. In modern online
monitoring systems, more information can be obtained: frequency spectra,
waveforms, trend plots, orbits, DC gap, transients, etc. that in addition to protecting
the machine help us to determine and locate the existing problems to act only on the
rootcause of the problem. The frequency bands that we recommend for the
monitoring of plain bearings are those that appear in the following table.

Spectral parameter Bandwidth

Oil whirl 0.2x to 0.8x RPM

Imbalance, clearance and misalignment 0.8x to 1.5x RPM

Misalignment and clearance 2.5x to 15x RPM

Lubrication issues 1 kHz to 20 kHz

Table 7.1: Spectral bands for the detection of plain bearing issues

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