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someone else, include the author’s last name, year, and page number in parentheses at the end.

“Here is an example” (Ramirez, 2017, p. 26). If a work has three or more authors, the in-text

citation includes only the first author’s last name and then “et al,” like this: (Stein et al., 2019).

If you would rather not have so many parentheses breaking up the flow of your text, you

can also work the in-text citation into what you are writing. For example, you can explain in your

narration how Pavlov et al. (2019, p. 5) are known for their research into classical conditioning

with animals, while Skinner & Ferster (1957) studied reinforcement of behavior in children.

The purpose of in-text citations is so your reader can find the correct source in your

References, so if you include any authors or titles in-text, they absolutely must match up with a

corresponding citation in your References. No “orphan” in-text citations! Find out more about in-

text citation on the UWW Library’s APA in-text citation page.

Business sources are not standard APA citations. See UWW Library’s APA business

sources citation page.

Discussion

The discussion should be the largest part of your paper and include your argument,

research, and experiences (for example, through Service-Learning). Each main point of your

paper should start its own paragraph with a strong first sentence. Again, limit the use of “I” and

“you” in academic writing.

Remember to introduce quotations with who said it and/or why it’s important. Make sure

quotes fit seamlessly in your paper. Include short quotations (40 words or less) in-text with

quotation marks. Use ellipsis (...) when omitting sections from a quote and use four periods (....)

(i.e., an ellipsis plus the period) if omitting the end section of a quote.
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This is a longer quote, which is 40 or more words. Indent the quote a half-inch from the

left margin and double-space it with no quotation marks. To get the right format, just

click on “Quote” in the Styles area on the Word frame above. In parentheses, include the

author’s last name, year, and page number at the end, but no period (Smith, 2017, p. 45)

If you include website sources, make sure they are trustworthy. Evaluate your sources

using the questions on this page. Check out our LibGuides by subject page – we have a guide for

your subject area, and many contain trustworthy free websites that you can use. Or search in

some of our introductory databases such as Academic Search Complete, CQ Researcher, ERIC

for education, Business Premium Collection for business, or other databases in which you can

easily search for popular sources such as newspapers and magazines.

Conclusion

The conclusion restates the thesis and summarizes the main arguments or points of the

article, so that your reader could just read the conclusion to generally understand the paper. What

is important to learn from reading your paper? If you know of areas in this topic that need further

study, mention them. After this paragraph, there is a page break that forces References onto its

own page: You will want to keep it there.

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References

[More References examples for your assistance here]

American Psychological Association. (year). Article title: Capital letter also for subtitle. Name of

Journal, volume#(issue#), pg#-pg#.

Author(s) of essay or chapter. (year). Title of essay or chapter. In F. M. Lastname (Ed.), Book

title (pages of essay or chapter). Publisher. https://doi.org/10.xx.xxxxxxxxxx

Freud, S. (year). Article title. Name of Journal, volume(issue), pages.

https://doi.org/10.xx.xxxxxxxxxx

Pavlov, I., Jung, C., & Freud, S. (year of last update, month day). Webpage title. Source or

hosting webpage. https://www.someurl.com/full/address

Ramirez, A. T. (year). Book title. Publisher. https://doi.org/10.xx.xxxxxxxxxx

Skinner, B. F., & Ferster, C. B. (year). Article title: Capital letter also for subtitle. Name of

Journal, volume#(issue#), pg#-pg#. https://doi.org/10.xx.xxxxxxxxxx

Stein, D. J., Friedman, M. J., & Blanco, C. (Eds.). (year). Book title (edition, Vol. #). Publisher.

https://doi.org/10.xx.xxxxxxxxxx