GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT
• a development perspective that recognizes the
legitimacy of gender equality as a fundamental
value that should be reflected in development
choices.
• Factors such as socio-economic class, race, or
religion can also greatly affect how genders are
treated.
• GENDER - socially or culturally constructed
characteristics, roles, attitudes and values
ascribed as appropriate to men and women.
• SEX - physical or biological differences between
men and women. It is what we are born with and
which cannot be changed.
SAFE SPACES ACT (R. A. 11313)
• ‘Bawal Bastos’ law, aims to punish catcalling and
other gender-based harassment in public spaces
and online.
Declaration of Policies:
Policy of the State
1. Value the dignity of every human person and
guarantee full respect for human rights.
2. Recognize the role of women in nation-building
and ensure the fundamental equality before the
law of women and men.
3. State recognizes that both men and women
must have equality, security and safety not only
in private, but also on the streets, public spaces,
online, workplaces and educational and training
institutions
PUBLIC SPACES refer to streets and alleys, public
parks, schools, buildings, malls, bars, restaurants,
transportation terminals, ……
Gender-based Streets and Public Spaces (SPS) Sexual
Harassment
• Unwanted and uninvited sexual actions
/advances/ remarks against any person
regardless of the motive and has threatened
one’s sense of personal space and physical
safety; committed in streets and public spaces.
• Cursing
• Catcalling – rude sexual remarks made by men
to women passing by.
• Wolf-whistling - a two-note whistled sound to
show interest, especially to a person viewed as
physically or sexually attractive
• Leering/Intrusive Gazing - looking or gazing in
a lascivious or unpleasant way.
• Taunting – A taunt is a battle cry, sarcastic
remark, gesture, or insult intended to
demoralize the recipient, or to anger them and
encourage reactionary behaviors without
thinking.
PENALTIES
• First Offense: Fine of One Thousand
Pesos (P 1,000.00) AND Community
Service of 12 hours inclusive of
attendance to a Gender Sensitivity
Seminar (to be conducted by the PNP in
coordination with the LGU and the
Philippine Commission on Women
(PCW)
• • Second Offense: Arresto Menor (11 to
30 days) imprisonment OR a Fine of
Fifteen Thousand Pesos (P 15,000.00) •
Third Offense: Arresto Mayor (1 month
and 1 day to 6 months)
• imprisonment AND a fine of Twenty
Thousand Pesos (P 20,000.00)
Gender-Based Online (GBO) Sexual Harassment
• Includes acts that use information and
communication technology in terrorizing and
intimidating victims.
committed through:
• Psychological and emotional threats online;
• Unwanted sexual misogynistic, transphobic,
homophobic and sexist remarks and comments
online whether publicly or through direct and
private messages
• Invasion of victim’s privacy through
cyberstalking and incessant messaging,
• uploading and sharing without the consent of
the victim, any form of media that contains
photos, voice, or video with sexual content,
• Unauthorized recording and sharing of any of the
victim’s photos, videos, or any information
online.
• Impersonating identities of victims online or
posting lies about victims to harm their
reputation.
• Filing false abuse reports to online platforms to
silence victims.
PENALTIES
 • Prison Correctional (6 mos. 1 day to 6 years) in
its medium period or a fine of not less than One
Hundred Thousand Pesos (P100,000.00) but not
more than Five Hundred Thousand Pesos (P
500,000.00) or both at the discretion of the
court.
• If juridical person – License or franchise shall be
automatically deemed revoked and the persons
liable shall be the officers thereof, including the
editor or reporter in the case of print media, and
the station manager, editor and broadcaster in
the case of broadcast media
• If alien – subject to deportation proceedings
after serving sentence and payment of fines.
VOLUNTEERISM
“Volunteers do not necessarily have the time; they have
the heart.” - Elizabeth Andrew
• Volunteering is way of helping others. It is giving
a person’s time and ability to help someone who
may be in need of help.
• Volunteerism refers to an act involving range of
activities, including traditional forms of mutual
aid and development interventions that
provided an enabling and empowering
environment both on the part of the beneficiary
receiving…
• Volunteer refers to an individual or group who
for reasons arising from their socio
developmental, business and corporate
orientation…
Laws and issuances supporting the development of
Volunteerism in the Philippines:
1. Republic Act 9418 – “Volunteer Act of 2007”
states that it shall be the policy of the state to
promote the participation of the various sectors
of the Filipino society, and as necessary,
international and foreign volunteer organization
in public and civic affairs, and adopt and
strengthen the practice of volunteerism as a
strategy in order to attain national development
and international understanding.
2. Republic Act 8044 “The Youth in Nation
Building” AN ACT CREATING THE NATIONAL
YOUTH COMMISSION, ESTABLISHING A
NATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE AND
COORDINATED PROGRAM ON YOUTH
DEVELOPMENT, APPROPRIATING FUNDS
THEREFOR, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES.
The state recognizes the vital role of the youth in
nation-building and shall;
A. Promote and protect
B. Inculcate
C. Encourage
D. Mobilize
NSTP volunteerism - improving the quality of human life
and the promotion of goodness. form of support to the
clean-up process, medical teams, setting up homes or
rescue operation.
Types of Volunteerism
1. Skilled-based volunteerism – providing
specialized skills and talents of individual to
strengthen the infrastructure of nonprofits,
helping them build and sustain their capacity to
successfully achieve their mission.
2. Environmental Volunteerism – refers to
volunteers who contribute toward
environmental management or conservation.
Volunteers conduct range of activities including
environmental monitoring, ecological
restoration such as re-vegetation and weed
removal, protecting endangered animals, and
educating others about natural environment.
3. Emergency volunteerism – providing any means
of support whether it is by means of monetary or
manpower support to all-natural disasters like
tsunami, earthquakes, flood and typhoon.
4. Community Volunteerism – refers to volunteers
who work to improve community enhancement
efforts in the area in which they live.
The Importance of Volunteering
1. Connect with community.
2. Conserve funds for charities, nonprofits and
faith-based and other community organizations
by contributing your time.
3. Share your skills and gain new ones.
4. Develop self-esteem and self-confidence.
5. Meet new people from all walks of life.
6. Volunteering makes you social.
7. Volunteering can advance your career.
8. Volunteering helps you stay healthy.
Opportunities in Volunteering
1. Volunteering in service learning
2. Volunteering with skills
 3. Volunteering in developing communities Virtues as foundation of leadership
4. Online volunteering 1. Prudence- the habit which enables man to direct
5. Volunteering in emergencies his actions to human life goal of knowing the
6. Volunteering in schools right thing to do and applying it.
7. Volunteering for the community 2. Justice- the habit of giving each one his/ her due
8. Volunteering for the environment with constant and personal will.
3. Fortitude- the habit of overcoming the
difficulties and pressures of life in the pursuit of
good.
LEADERSHIP 4. Temperance- the habit of bringing the desires
and natural inclinations of man under his control
• one of the highly regarded qualities of an
of right reasons.
individual to be successful in life it is also an
5. Industry- the habit of working hard and working
important aspect of leading and managing
perseveringly under pressure.
effectively.
6. Loyalty- the habit of remaining true to your
friends.
Principles of leaderships
7. Responsibility- the habit of being accountable
1. Take responsibilities of your actions- a leader
for one’s actions.
must take responsibilities for both his actions
8. Cheerfulness- the habit of being optimistic,
and those of his subordinates.
positive thinking, seeing always the bright side of
2. 2. Know yourself and seek self-improvement-
the things.
apply your knowledge of human behavior in an
9. Generosity- the habit of sharing the good that
honest self-analysis.
one has with other people.
3. Set the example- be a model and exemplary
10. Magnanimity- the habit of nurturing noble ideas
leader.
and ambitions of doing good.
4. Seek responsibility and develop a sense of
responsibility among your subordinates- a true
Characteristic of a good leader
leader does not shirk responsibility.
1. Integrity of character- the word is synonymous
5. Ensure that the job is understood- proper
to honor. It is a fine sense of ethics, justice and
understanding and supervision of a task to help
righteousness with a readiness to apply it to
ensure the accomplishment of anything desired.
one’s own conduct.
6. Know your men and look for their welfare- a
2. Willingness to accept the responsibilities-
leader understanding and knowing his man has
acceptance of responsibilities signifies a desire
some advantages.
to lead and this desire is strengthened by
7. Keep your men informed- the Filipino soldier
increasing interest
will work harder and will cooperate more
effectively if he understands why.
Qualities of a good leader
8. Employ your command in accordance with its
1. Knowledge- acquired knowledge of the
capabilities- a sign objectives that are possible of
profession not only in the job.
attainment.
2. Bearing- this is dignity in appearance and
9. Train your men as a team- a team fails or
behavior.
succeeds only if every member does his share of
3. Courage- accept or meet challenges.
the job.
4. Endurance- mental and physical stamina to
10. Make a sound and timely decision – the ability
stand pain and hardships.
to make a rapid estimate of the situation and
5. Enthusiasm- this is the higher degree of interest
arrive at a sound and timely decision is necessary
and sensitivity in responding to the needs of the
in order to take advantage of opportunities as
organization.
they occur.
6. Integrity- a good moral character and
11. Know your job- knowledge of your job helps you
impeccable integrity.
to make sure of yourself and commands the
7. Decisiveness- decide promptly and correctly.
respect of your men
8. Dependability- demonstrate higher degree of
initiative.
 9. Initiative- start originates an idea and
suggestion.
10. Judgment- power of the mind to weight various
factors and arrived at a sound decision.
11. Justice- render judgment to conform to the
principles of reasons.
12. Loyalty- sincerity and faithfulness to the ideals of
the organization.
13. Tact- deal with others without giving offense.
14. Unselfishness- avoidance of providing for one’s
own.
15. Force- demonstrate efficacious power within the
bounds of law.
16. Humility- being reasonable modest and not
proud.
17. Humor- mental disposition to appreciate
amusing incidents of every life in a comical way.
18. Sympathy- understand and share the feelings of
another.
19. Empathy- wear someone else’s shoes;
intellectual and emotional.
20. Wit- keen perception and appropriate
expression of assuming words and ideals which
awaken amusement and pleasure.
1. Leadership - Bureaucratic Style - Max Weber
(1947)
- based on following normative rules and
adhering to lines of authority.
- favors rigid structure to enact efficient
systems and calculability.
Typical Behavioral Factors/Competencies
• Establishes Order
• Demonstrates Community
Consciousness
• Focus on Results
• Demonstrates Character
• Drives Achievement
2. Laissez-Faire Leadership Style (hands-off style)
• manager provides little or no direction
and gives employees as much freedom
as possible.
Typical Behavioral Factors/Competencies
• Establishes Order
• Demonstrates Character
• Demonstrates Strategic Vision
LEADERSHIP STYLES the manner and approach of
providing direction, implementing plans, and motivating
people. There are normally three styles of leadership.
• Authoritarian (autocratic)
This style is used when the leader tells her
employees what she wants done and how she
wants it done, without getting the advice of her
followers.
• Participative (democratic)
This is normally used when you have part of the
information, and your employees have other
parts.
• Delegative (free reign)
This is used when employees are able to analyze
the situation and determine what needs to be
done and how to do it.
Charismatic Leaders pay a great deal of attention in
scanning and reading their environment.
Charismatic Leaders use
• Vision and articulation;
• Sensitivity to the environment;
• Sensitivity to member needs;
• Personal risk taking;
• Performing unconventional behavior.
TYPES OF NEEDS
Physio logical Needs
• most basic needs that are vital to
survival
Security Needs
• for safety and security.
Social Needs
• for belonging, love and affection.
Esteem Needs
• need for things that reflect on self-
esteem, personal worth
Self – actualizing Needs
• highest level of Maslow´s hierarchy of
needs. Self – actualizing people are self-
aware, concerned with personal
growth, less concerned with the options
of others, and interested fulfilling their
potential.
WELLNESS THROUGH RECREATION
• the act of engaging in healthy habits on
a daily basis in order to achieve better
physical and mental health outcomes, so
that you are no longer just surviving, but
succeeding.
 • WHO - World Health Organization
The Seven Dimensions of Wellness
1. Physical Dimension
• Physical wellness encompasses a variety
of healthy behaviors including adequate
exercise, proper nutrition and abstaining
from harmful habits such as drug use
and alcohol abuse.
2. Emotional Dimension
• Emotional wellness is a dynamic state
that fluctuates frequently with your
other six dimensions of wellness.
3. Intellectual Dimension
• The intellectual dimension encourages
creative, stimulating mental activities.
Our minds need to be continually
inspired and exercised just as our bodies
do.
4. Social Dimension
• Social wellness refers to our ability to
interact successfully in our global
community and to live up to the
expectations and demands of our
personal roles.
5. Spiritual Dimension
• Spiritual wellness involves possessing a
set of guiding beliefs, principles, or
values that help give direction to one's
life.
6. Environmental Wellness
• Environmental wellness is an awareness
of the unstable state of the earth and the
effects of your daily habits on the
physical environment.
7. Occupational Dimension
• Occupational/Vocational wellness
involves preparing and making use of
your gifts, skills, and talents in order to
gain purpose, happiness, and
enrichment in your life.
Recreation refers to all those activities that people
choose to do to refresh their bodies and minds and make
their leisure time more interesting and enjoyable.
Leisure refers to the free time that people can spend
away from their everyday responsibilities to rest, relax
and enjoy life.
Sport refers to any type of organized physical activity,
e.g., soccer, rugby, football, basketball and athletics.
The benefits of participation
• health promotion and disease
prevention
• skills development
• awareness raising, reduction of stigma
and social inclusion
• international peace and development
• empowerment
Yoga is essentially a spiritual discipline based on an
extremely subtle science, which focuses on bringing
harmony between mind and body. It is an art and science
of healthy.
• ‘Yoga' is derived from the Sanskrit root 'Yuj',
meaning 'to join' or 'to yoke' or 'to unite'.
The Eight Limbs of Yoga
1. yama (abstinences)
2. niyama (observances)
3. asana (yoga postures)
4. pranayama (breath control)
5. pratyahara (withdrawal of the senses)
6. dharana (concentration)
7. dhyana (meditation)
8. samadhi (absorption)
VOTERS EDUCATION
“Voting is the expression of our commitment to
ourselves, one another, this country, and his world.” -
Sharon Salzbertg
Suffrage
▪ It is the human right to vote and, for the
Philippines. Indicated in three documents: the
Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR);
the International Covenant on Civil and Political
Rights; and The Philippine Constitution, they all
call universality of the right; equality in access to
public service; and secrecy of votes.
History of Elections
▪ The President of the Philippines is elected by
direct vote of the people, and has a term of six
years with no provision for reelection.
▪ There have been 15 Presidents of the Philippines
from the establishment of the office on January
23, 1899, in the Malolos Republic.
▪ President Emilio Aguinaldo is the inaugural
holder of the office and held the position until
March 23, 1901, when he was captured by the
Americans during the Philippine American War.
▪ After the first national elections were held on
September 16, 1935, Manuel L. Quezon was
 elected as the second President of the vote for at least six months preceding the
Philippines and the first President of the election.
Philippine Commonwealth.
Overseas Absentee Voting Law
▪ Jose P. Laurel would lead this government as the
1. Filipino citizen abroad;
third President of the Philippines and the only 2. Eighteen (18) years old and above on the day of
President of the Second Republic (1943 to 1944). elections;
▪ President Sergio Osmeña as the second 3. Immigrants with affidavit of intent to resume
President of the Commonwealth and the fourth residence in the Philippines;
President of the Philippines. 4. Permanent residence with affidavits of intent to
▪ President Roxas was elected in 1946 as the third resume residence in the Philippines.
President of the Philippine Commonwealth, first
Disqualifications of Filipino Voters (P.D. of 1977 0r R. A.
President of the independent Republic of the 8189 0g 1996)
Philippines, and the fifth President of the 1. Person sentenced to be imprisoned for not less
Philippines. than one (1) year;
▪ The birth of the Third Republic. Roxas would be 2. Person found to have committed rebellion,
followed by Presidents Elpidio Quirino, Ramon sedition, violation of the anti-subversion and
Magsaysay, Carlos P. Garcia, and Diosdado firearms laws, or any crime against national
security or involving disloyalty to the
Macapagal.
government;
▪ President Ferdinand E. Marcos became the last 3. Insane or incompetent
President of the Third Republic when he
declared martial law in 1972, while the 1973 System of Government under 1987 Constitution
Constitution suspended the 1935 Constitution, Branch Hierarchy Appointment
he only formally proclaims the “New Republic”— Executive President Elected by a
the Fourth—in 1981. The first President of the direct voter
Fourth Republic and the tenth President of the Cabinet Nominated
Philippines overall. Marcos stayed in office for 20 by the
years—the longest serving President of the President and
Philippines. confirmed by
▪ In 1986, the EDSA Revolution successfully a commission
on
installed Corazon C. Aquino as the new President
appointments
of the Philippines—the 11th in the country’s
Legislative Senate/ House Elected by
history. President Aquino served as the second
of districts or a
and last President of the Fourth Republic at the Representatives party-list
beginning of her term. system
President Aquino became the first Judicial Supreme Appointed by
President of the Fifth Republic followed Court the President
by Fidel V. Ramos, Joseph Ejercito
Estrada, Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, and Powers and Functions of the National and Local Officials
Benigno S. Aquino III and Rodrigo Roa Level Executive Legislative
Duterte. National President (1) 12 Senators
Vice President (1) 1 party list group
Qualifications of Filipino Voters (Art. V) District
1. A Citizen of the Philippines; Representative (1)
2. Not otherwise disqualified by law (as of
specified in Section 11 of RA 8189 of 1996); Congressman/wo
3. Eighteen (18) years of age; and man
4. Have resided in the Philippines for at least Provinci Governor Vice Governor
one (1) year and in the place, he proposes to al Sangguniang
 Panlalawigan Practices and irregularities should the citizens watch
Members out
Municip City/Municipal Vice Mayor • Bribery, intimidation, and various forms of
al Mayor Members of the cheating…
Sangguniang
Panglunsod (City The Election Process
Councilors)/Sangguni 1. Registration Day
ang 2. Revision Day
Bayan (Municipal 3. List of Voters
Councilors) 4. Casting of Votes
Baranga Punong Barangay PB 5. Counting of Votes
y (PB) Members of the 6. Preparation of Electoral Returns and Other
Sangguniang Reports
Baranggay (Barangay 7. Distribution of Election Returns
Kagawad at ▪ Board of canvassers (for President and Vic-
Sangguniang President)
Kabataan ▪ Board of canvassers (for Senators)
Chair) ▪ Board of canvassers
Powers Control of all Stature making, 8. Proclamation of Winning Candidates
and executive constitution making
Functio departments and and Republic Act of 8436 or the Election Modernization Ac6
ns all amending of of 1997 calls for the use of automated election system in
implementing constitution the country as early as May 1998 election.
agencies
of the government Implementation of RA 8436 through COMELEC
Resolution 02-0170 (Phase of Modernization)

Different Types of Electoral Exercise
• Election - it is a means by which the people
choose their officials for definite and fixed
period.
• Registration - it refers to the act of
accomplishing and filing of a sworn application
for registration by a qualified voter.
• Validation of registration - it is a process
wherein fingerprints of the voter would be
captured electronically at no expense to the
voter.
Value of your vote?
1. Equal chances for a vote whether rich or poor.
2. Guaranteed opportunity to participate election.
As a citizen-voter, I can participate in political affairs by:
• Initiative and Referendum - people can directly
propose, enact, and reject laws at the local level.
• Plebiscite - approve and reject the call for a
constitutional.
• Sectoral Representation - voters support a
sectoral party or organization or coalition and its
issues and programs.
• Local Special Bodies - Ordinary citizen are called
to sit in local special bodies such as local health
boards, school boards…
• Barangay Assembly - meets to discuss the
activities and finances of the Sangguniang
Barangay and matters affecting the barangay.
• Absentee Voting - Republic Act 9189 or the
Overseas Absentee Voting Law provides for a
system, which allows Filipino abroad to vote in
national election in the Philippines.