Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • Grammar U5 Reactivate

    Uploaded by

    Daria Ioana
    20 views6 pages

    Original Title

    Grammar u5 Reactivate

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Report this Document

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    20 views6 pages

    Grammar U5 Reactivate

    Uploaded by

    Daria Ioana

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 6
    PAST SIMPLE verb -ed (or irregular form) '» completed states or actions that happened | We received an award for the best Mediterranean cuisine in the city. at a specific time in the past « actions that happened one after the other The chef chopped the tomatoes, sliced the onions and poured some olive in the past cil into the frying pan. [past habits or actions When we were in Canada, we often walked through the snow to school. Expressions of Time yesterday, ago, last weeK/month/year, in May, i the 80s, in those days, in 2015, in the morning/afternoonievening, the doy before yesterday, the other day, whenever, later. afterwards, before, back then, when, etc |Past Simple or Present Perfect? * The past simple is used when we refer to a completed action that happened at a specific time in the past, whereas ‘the present perfect is used when no specific time reference is made, or when an action is still relevant to the present. . I visited the Colosseum last year. Ihave visited the Colosseum. * When we use since, the past simple is often used in the clause beginning with since and the present perfect is used in the main clause. I’ve grown to like Elena since | started working with her I’ve been meaning to call you since | got back from Spain. Since she stopped eating processed foods, her health has really improved. ‘= Whilst in British English the present perfect is used with just, already, yet, ever, never and before, in American English, the same adverbs are often used with the past simple. . British English ‘American English Have you already finished? —_—Did you already finish? Julia's never stayed here before Julia never stayed here before. was/were + verb -ing 2 eae * actions in progress at a particular time in the past ‘We were driving along the coast yesterday evening. ‘an action in progress in the past that was interrupted by While Tabitha was eating a cereal bar, her tooth came out! another action [|= two actions in progress at the same time in the past Andrew was jogging around the block while Iwas playing basketball * an action or situation used as an introduction to a more | was listening to the radio when Mum told me your news. significant event ‘temporary actions in the past Last summer I was helping Dad out at the office. ‘annoying or amusing past habits (with always, Richard was forever talking about his stamp collection and | ) constantly, forever) can tell you that it got really boring! /* referring to the expectation of a planned action that did | was hoping you would call me at the weekend. (but you ‘not actually take place didn't cat) "Past arrangements that may or may not have taken place Michael was meeting me outside the library, but he missed i the bus and, couldn't make it. UNITS 73, Van Unit 5 sams ALERT! ‘+ The phrase was/were thinking of... is used to refer to something being considered for the future. It is not yet definite, was thinking of inviting Harry and Sally to dinner, We were thinking of booking a holiday to India, ‘The phrase was/were wondering iffwhether ... is used to ask for information or to make a polite request Iwas wondering if you knew where I could buy a map? The boys were wondering whether we could drop them off at the station? PAST PERFECT SIMPLE had + past participle By the time Iris noticed the fire, it had area + actions or states that happened before a specific time or another action in the past spread. ‘with That/e was the first/second/tenth time It was the first time | had ever eaten raw fish ‘with That/t was and best, ever and never when referring to the past | That was the best Italian food I had ever eaten! ‘+ wishes, plans or arrangements that remain unfulfilled (often with _| | had wanted to stay on a health farm during the 1k about, want, wish) summer, but wasn't able to in the end. Expressions of Time after, as soon as, already, just, for, since, until, by the time, never, when, before, etc PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS — had been + verb -ing | * an action in progress in the past before another past action or time Patricia had been running along the beach when it | started to rain ‘* an action that had just finished or was in progress and that had an Alistair had been chopping onions and hiseyes | __ effect at a specific time in the past Expressions of Time all day/night, since, for, How long ..? earlier, years before, etc ALERT! Past Simple or Past Perfect? + In some sentences which talk about the past, itis dear which action happened first. In this case, we can use the past simple for both actions. However, when the order of actions is not clear, or when we want to emphasise which action happened first, we can use the past perfect simple or past perfect continuous for the first action, was disappointed because | missed the film. ‘My brother had eaten ail the cake, so didn't get a piece! ‘* When one past action happens quickly after another past action, or when the second action is the result of the first action, we must use the past simple for both actions. | ‘Susan took her suitcase out of the car and closed the boot. 1 James tripped on his son's toy and fell down the stairs. Past Perfect Simple or Past Perfect Continuous? * If we want to emphasise the duration or the repetitive nature of something, we use the past perfect continuous. However, if we mention how many times something has happened we must use the past perfect simple tense. | ‘'d been telephoning all morning before they finally answered. i 'd telephoned about ten times before they finally answered. OTHER FORMS USED TO REFER TO PAST TIME Ri [ss Ewa ‘used to + bare infinitive + past habits or states ‘Our loft apartment used to be a restaurant. ‘would + bare infinitive | + past habits, but not states. When we used to eat out as a family, Dad would alnays order dessert for everyone. 14 Grammar FUTURE IN THE PAST ‘We can use various structures to express the dea that inthe past we thought something would happen in the future. Gn i Eas |» past continuous fixed future arrangements froma | Robert was visiting his godparents that \ past perspective |evening and had bought gi offlowersfor 5 | them. [+ would + bare infinitive | predicted future events that actually | Keith said it would be a fantastic party and he | | : | happened from a past perspective | wasn't wrong = would + bare infinitive future predictions, offers or promises | George decided he would try harder, and in the | from a past perspective following months he devoted long hours to his studies | “+ was/were going to ‘unfulfilled future intentions from a__| Helen was going to tell me the name of her past perspective | contact, but she changed her mind. was/were about to + bare | future actions that almost happened, | Claudia was about to take a bite, when she infinitive but were stopped atthe last minute | realised the cake had nuts init + was/were on the verge/brink of | Claudia was on the verge of taking a bite, when | | + gerund) she realised the cake had nuts in it! Grammar in Action A Circle the correct words. By the time Elisabeth remembered / had remembered to turn off the oven, the food had already burnt! Nobody noticed that Jane wasn't feeling / hadn't been feeling happy for a very long time. Peter took / was taking the dog for a walk every morning before breakfast. ‘The waitress was on the verge of / was about to taking the order when the customers got up to leave Jacob promised he was going / would look into the matter, but he never did. = ‘We were having / used to have a strict dress code at my school; jewellery and make-up for girls were strictly prohibited. ‘At midday yesterday, my classmates and | had had / were having a picnic in the park with our teacher. Was yesterday the first time you had ever been / were ever going to a cricket match? 1 2 3 a 5 6 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs. pots yoir ever, (taste) Japanese cuisine before you visited the country? While Katya (study) the menu, the waiter was waiting patiently by her table. Marcia {pick up) the phone, ___ order) a pizza ana ___ sit down) to finish her homework. Good morning. |______________ {wonder} whether | could speak to the managing director? When we were younger, my brother (constantly hide) my toys just to upset me! 6 She's a vegetarian so she __________ {not eat) any of the snacks because they all had meat in them. 7. I didn’t go to the cinema with Jane because, although it’s a fantastic film, |______ (already see) Worlds Apart. B We (prepare) all the food for the wedding ourselves, but in the end we hired a firm of caterer's UNITS 75 virco 16 Read the article and choose the correct answers. Mitan’s world fair ‘Feeding the Planet, Energy for Life’ was the theme of Milan's World Fair which the city (1) — in 2015. Organisers (2) — the exhibition to attract more than 20 million visitors over a perio! of six months, and their ecumates weren't far wrong. A record-breaking 22 million people (3) — the exhibition by the time i closed its doors on 31 October. The team of architects responsible for the design of the space (4) — it tobe different from other international exhibitions. A long central avenue (5) — flanked on both sides by plots of land allocated to each participating Country in an attempt to recreate the Roman foundation of Milan. Each country (6) —. its allotted plot to grow plants and vegetables from their homeland. However, the organisers found it

    You might also like