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THE COPPERBELT UNIVERSITY
IN ASSOCIATION WITH THE
TECHNICAL AND VOCATIONAL TEACHERS`
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COLLAGE

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NAME :MALEMBEKA DAVISON
STUDENT NO :23905
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COURSE :HISTORY AND
PHILOSOPHY
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CLASS :BScED 14
LECTURERE :MR MUSENGE
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DEPERTMENT
DUE DATE:
:APPLIED SCIENCE
11 MAY 2023
TH

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ASSIGNMENT QUESTION

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The Zambian education system is based on the contributions of
the Early Greek Philosophers on how the education system
should operate. Using the education ideas of the Early Greek
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Philosophers. Discuss how these Early Greek Philosophers
have continued to influence the education system in Zambia.
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MOTTO: LEARNING BY DOING
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 MR MALEMBEKA .N. D

INTRODUCTION

The idea of education system in Zambia started in 500 BC by the Spartan and Athenians
educational philosophers. According to Socrates, education means bringing out of the idea of
universe validity which is latent in the mind of every man. According to Knowles (1995), He
defined education to be the development of all those capabilities which enables him to control
his environment and fulfillment of his possibilities. Mrinalini (2010) defined education as the
process of changing behavior pattern to people acquisition of art of utilization of knowledge and
ideas. Further he stated that education is the process of facilitating learning or acquisition of
knowledge, skills, values, beliefs, and habits. This assignment will discuss the influence of the
Greek philosophers which included (sophists, Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle) to the education
system in Zambia.

Greek education or Athenian education was represented by four educational thinkers which
included Sophists, Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle. Greece was made up of several cities which
included the Spartan and the Athenians among others were the famous. Though quite different in
their social and educational set up, both depended on labor and heavily guided common Greek
ancestry. Spartan education was aimed at the training of the physical body. This type of
education developed as a military state run like a military camp and education was a state
controlled to produce patriotic obedience and military officiate citizens. Education which was
viewed as a tool of solving problems of the society covered the whole life from birth till old age.

EDUCATION IDEAS ACCORDING TO THE SOPHISTS

The sophists were a group of thinkers. These were the first Greek philosophers and known to be
the first teachers. These Greek philosophers were also called street teachers because they moved
from place to place teaching and that they did not established any infrastructures. Their aim was
to make money meaning students had to pay in order to learn. They used a method of teaching
called Rhetoric meaning art of speaking. These philosophers have influenced the Zambian

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education system in the sense that like it used to happen during their era it is as well happening
in the Zambian education system, i.e when we look at their aim of teaching for money and
opening tuition centers even in today we are able to see teachers opening tuition centers and
learners paying in order to be taught. And other example is that these sophists interacted with
their learners, we also see this happening where as teachers of today are encouraged to spend
much time talking to the learners. In addition Zambian education system has embraced and
continued to use the ideas of the sophists.

EDUCATION IDEAS ACCORDING THE SOCRATES

The Socrates was among the sophists and he was the student to the sophists. Socrates was a
Greek philosopher and the main source of western thought. Little is known of his recorded by his
student Plato. Socrates contributes in the education system in the following ways. He introduced
dialectical discussion as a method of teaching which means that interaction between people with
different views in order to come with a better understanding by challenging each other’s views,
making them think critical and back to their claims. He also recommended the true wisdom is
knowing that one knows nothing. He further contributed that “one should not be arrogant and act
like they know everything”. He also said that one should be open minded and listen to what
others have to say, even if they differ from each other. He further stated that that one should be
humble and actively learn. He also said that Philosophy begins in wonder, be curious, always
seek answers, question everything and think critically, always learn from others and also to soak
in every information. He also emphasized on not being specialized in one thing but learn all that
you can in about anything. He also introduced merit-based totalitarianism meaning that learning
can be improved by discovering talented students through rigorous test giving more education to
those who prove themselves in intelligent and raising children as dependant of the state. Also
holistic education meaning schools to have a variety of subjects to round out the students;
subjects may include, music, art, physical education and fact learning which as continued even in
today`s education system.

EDUCTION IDEAS ACCORDING TO PLATO

Plato was the earliest and most important Greek Philosopher and educational thinker. Plato`s
thoughts on education were that education is the key for a society and for this purpose he wanted

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to go to the extreme level of even removing children from their parents and raise them by the
state. Plato recommended that the education system should be controlled by the state. He further
contributed to the theory of art in particular dance, music, poetry architecture and drama. He also
discussed the whole range philosophical topics including ethics, metaphysics where topics like
morality, man, mind and realism are discussed. He discussed the philosophy of mathematics,
political philosophy and religious philosophy. In his theory of forms, Plato rejected the
changeable, deceptive world that we are aware of through our senses proposing instead of his
world of ideas were based on constant and truth. Plato talked of geometrical diagrams as perfect
imitate of perfect mathematical objects which they represent. He also contributed to logical and
legal philosophy including rhetoric method of teaching which means art speaking.

Although Plato made no mathematical discoveries himself, his beliefs was that mathematics
should provide the finest training for the mind`s extreme important in the development of the
subjects. Plato`s contributions to the theory of education system are as shown by the way he had
to run the academic and his ideas of what constitutes an educated person. Plato contributed a lot
in the form of ideas and he inspired his followers to find ways for education and training of the
children. In fact Plato did not himself contribute direct to mathematics and science but no stress
on those subjects, with Plato`s Philosophy of education, we are able to see some sings of the
philosophy of Socrates. However Plato covered the major aspect of philosophy today.

EDUCATION IDEAS ACCORDING TO ARISTOTLE

Aristotle was a student to Plato and considered to be one of the important philosopher as well as
the educational thinker. Aristotle said that the theory of science is capable of being understood
by the principles which are certain and can be other than they are. As subject of study their
subject matter are necessary and eternal. The productive science and practical science are
capable of being understood by the principle that are less than certain, as object of their subject
matter are contingent.

Aristotle`s influence on education thinking has been fundamental importance. He also said that
there can be no doting of his importance, a tireless scholar whose scientific explorations were as
wide-ranging as this philosophical speculation were profound, a teacher who inspires and who
continued to inspire generation of pupils; a controversial public figure who lived a turbulent life

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in a turbulent world. He bestrode antiquity like an intellectual colossus. He also said that no man
before him contributed so much to learning. And no man after could hope to rival his
achievement. He further believed that education was central and he believed that the fulfilled
person was an educated person.

CONCLUSION

In conclusion the Socrates spent their whole life trying to educate young people in the streets of
Athens; and all were welcomed which undoubtedly made for interesting discussions or debate,
full backed, leg pulling and iron. The problem was that men are full producers and half backed
ideal, while they think they know, or have a right opinion on all subjects (what is justice?... I
know, what`s an easy one). Then as now convention thinking conventional ideas are derived
from one environment and frequently they are not more than platitudes in other words politically
correct or opinion taken from reality show equivalent of the agora (marketplace) of Athena.

Plato based his educational philosophy on what he considered the Upright of men and his
customary condition or state. One of the ignorance tyrannies of sensual attractions, which he
called lower Eros and was the counterpart of political bankruptcy. That attempt was verily a
therapy (of the soul or psyche) and only the best of men (philosopher as kings has a
philosophers) could cry it out, It required a life of virtue conductive of justice the normal,
normative, state of soul underlying everything that Plato talked about was his account of the
ideas or forms of the supreme of one been the good, of all things tending to do it by nature or
through a right education. In book VII of the public Plato`s systematically expounds his
education theory, and show how it is not possible to impart information to someone who has no
inkling of truth. The end of education is wisdom (episteme, Sophia) which includes
contemplation of the good or beauty itself. It is thus not a multiplication of knowledge. Reasons
or intellect (dainoia) is the vehicle, dialectic the way. The point about virtue needs repeating
virtue and knowledge are mutually dependent, the former being a habit or disposition.

Aristotle lastly said there is only scrap of his work on education; however we can get a picture of
his ideas from surviving works. Aristotle believed that education was central and that a fulfilled
person was an educated person he continued to say that our thinking and practice as educators
must be infused with a clear philosophy of life. There has to be a deep concern for the ethical and

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political. We have continued to ask what makes human flourishing. From this we should act to
work for that which is good or right rather than that which is merely cored.

REFERENCE

Aristotle (1997) The Nicoracetam Ethics. (The most recent addition is 1997 with an
introduction by Barnes). London: Penguin.

Barmen`s, J. (1982). An lively and concise introduction to Aristotle`s work. Oxford university
press.

Aristotle (N Y). The politics (A treatment on government). London : Penguin

Berker, W. Dumps, W. (1970). American Education: foundation and Superstructure,

Scranton, P A: International text book company.

Clabaugh, G. Rosicky, E. (2007). School and Society: A systematic view. Oreland, P A: New
foundation Press.

Gwynn, A. (1964). Roman Education: from Cicero to Quintilia. New York Russell.

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