ENUMERATION.

Given the following concepts, enumerate what is needed:

A. Give the eight (8) alimentary organs and their function.

1. Mouth - mechanically breaks down the food and mixes it with saliva, which contains enzymes that
begin the digestion of carbohydrates.

2. Pharynx - links your mouth to your esophagus so that food can travel down to your stomach.

3. Esophagus - transfers swallowed food to the stomach.

4. Small intestine - is responsible for nutrient absorption. Food mixes with bile and pancreatic juice to
break down the molecules into nutrients that can be absorbed.

5. Large intestine - absorbs water and electrolytes and eliminates waste as feces.

6. Rectum - Facilitates the process of getting rid of waste from the body

7. Anus - the part of your body where waste gets eliminated

8. Stomach - churns food to form chyme and contains enzymes to assist in digestion.

B. Give the accessory organs and their functions

1. Salivary glands - Enzymes found in saliva initiate the breakdown of carbohydrates.

2. Liver - produces bile, which is then released into the small intestine. This helps with the digestion of
fats and absorption of nutrients.

3. Gallbladder - responsible for storing bile and releasing it into the small intestine.

4. Pancreas - responsible for producing and secreting pancreatic juice, which contains digestive enzymes
and bicarbonate ions. This juice is then released into the small intestine to aid in the digestion process.

C. Give the parts of the mouth and their corresponding functions.

1. Cheeks - Wedged within the human’s oral cavity, food awaits demolition via muscle mastication right
after it reaches our lips safeguard walls.

2. Lips - The human lips house sensory receptors that are utilized to assess the qualities of different
foods.
3. Toung - Saliva and food are blended by the tongue, transported toward the pharynx while housing
taste receptors.

4. Palate - Holds food in mouth directs food to pharynx.

5. Teeth - Food particles are broken down into smaller portions by the teeth, and together with saliva,
they are mixed during the process of chewing.

D. Give at least ten (10) disorders of the digestive system and their definitions.

1. Gallstones - when cholesterol in bile starts to crystallize, it can form gallstones. These little guys
usually hang out in the gallbladder, but sometimes they can get stuck in the bile ducts and cause some
serious problems. Think intense pain and jaundice. You can take drugs to dissolve the stones, use shock-
wave therapy to break them up, or even have surgery to remove them and your gallbladder altogether.

2. Diarrhea - is the production of fluid-like feces as a result of the unusual rapid movement of food
leftovers through the digestive tract. The colon increased peristalsis can be caused by a variety of
factors, including inflammation and chronic stress.

3. Constipation - a condition in which feces are hard and dry, making defecation difficult. As a result of
the feces sit in the colon for a longer amount of time than usual, allowing more water to be absorbed.

4. Periodontal disease - is a group of disorders characterized by inflammation, bleeding gums, and tooth
decay. Gingivae, cementum, periodontal ligaments, and alveolar bone deterioration, resulting in
loosening of the teeth. The problem is exacerbated by poor tooth hygiene.

5. Peritonitis - is a sudden swelling of the peritoneum, which borders and covers the abdominal cavity.

organs. Bacteria may enter the peritoneal cavity as a result of contamination in accidents or surgery.

or as a result of an intestinal or appendix rupture.

6. Tooth decay - is caused by an excess of acid produced by microorganisms that dwell in the mouth.

the mouth and obtain nutrients from meal leftovers. Carbohydrate residue, particularly sugar residue,
fosters microorganisms that cause deterioration.

7. Cirrhosis of the liver - can be identified by scarring, which occurs as a result of connective tissue
replacing damaged tissue. Hepatitis, drunkenness, dietary deficits, or liver parasites can all cause it.

8. Hemorrhoids - are a disorder in which one or more veins in the anal canal swell and become irritated.
Chronic constipation promotes the growth of hemorrhoids.

9. Diverticulitis - is a condition that affects the large intestine. Tiny saclike outpockets of the colon
frequently form as a result of a diet low in fiber may result in significant pain, bloating, or diarrhoea.
10. Colitis - is an inflammatory condition that affects the large intestine's mucosa. The cause is unknown,
but prolonged stress may be the culprit to this disorder.