ECOSOC

Commission: ECOSOC
Delegation: Minister of China (Li Keqiang)
Topic: ECOSOC-Affordable, reliable,
sustainable, and modern energy

China, well known as People’s Republic of China; is a country with a total area of 9,596,960 square
kilometers, a third of this is covered by mountains. The country occupies the second place of
largest country in the world. China borders Vietnam, Laos, Myanmar, Bhutan, Nepal, India, Pakistan
(Kashmir), Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Russia, Mongolia, North Korea with a
total of 22,117 km of land boundaries, and 14,500 km of coastline between the country and the
Pacific Ocean. Is the most populates country in the world counting with a population rounding the
1 billon, 4 hundred million people, thus becoming the most populous country in the world. most of
its population is located in shanghai, the country's largest city located in the center of the country.

China is the second largest economy in the world, surpassed only by the United States. It bases its
economy mainly on the export of manufactured goods such as technological elements, textiles,
toys, machinery, among others. In addition to that, companies from around the world decide to
create their own factories in the country due to the low price of labor.

former Chinese minister le keqiang was born in dingyuan district on July 1, 1955. he studied law at
Peking university from 1976 to 1982, and completed his undergraduate studies at the faculty of
economics at the same university from 1988 to 1995. Among his most important roles was his
position as deputy secretary of the Henan provincial committee and acting governor, which
became definitive, in the province of the same name in the center of the country; during his
tenure, he had to face the crisis of massive contagion of the AIDS disease among peasants; he was
massively criticized for not doing everything in his power to control the crisis, as well as showing
great interest in preventing the scandal from getting into the hands of the press. after all the
progress he made in the province, he resigned in 2004, the same year in which he was appointed
as secretary of the CCP committee, and in 2007 at the 17th congress of the CCP he was appointed
as one of the members who constitute the 9 most important leaders in decision-making and
supervision. in 2008 until 2013 he was elected as the executive vice premier of the state council.
finally he was re-elected as minister of China in 2018, a role he would leave at the end of his
second term in march 2023.

Although China is one of the largest oil importers in the world, reaching its highest level in history
by importing 542 million tons of oil, increasing by 7.3% compared to 2020, in addition, in 2021,
these figures have increased by 5.8% between the months of January and February compared to
last year. By 2016, China was already a major exporter of oil derivatives, and by 2018, the country
will be among the top 10 oil exporters. In the middle of 2022, China presented a massive reduction
in oil refining to the minimum levels of the previous 10 years, according to the economist, this was
due to the export quotas of refined products, established in order to reduce carbon dioxide
emissions, in 2020, the export of refined oil products fell by 40% compared to exports in 2021, it is
important to emphasize that this reduction occurred in a global scale. In the last months of the
year 2022, the export of derivatives started to increase again.

According to several studies, China is not only one of the most polluting countries in the world, but
it also generates more pollution than all developed countries combined. Another of the most
important problems is that China has increased its consumption of carbon compared to the year
2000. In the year 2022, worldwide, there were lower figures regarding the production of polluting
gases, with the exception of China, a country that presented an increase compared to the
production generated by the same country in 2015. According to the Chinese president, he
announced in 2020 that the country would reach its maximum carbon emissions by 2030, and then
begin to reduce emissions by 2060.

At present, China is one of the largest producers and importers of electric cars in the world, only in
the year 2022, China accounted for a total of 60% of car sales worldwide. The Chinese brand BYD
seems to become the largest manufacturer of electric cars in the world. The Asian country's plan is
to generate enough batteries to meet the demand for 100 percent electric cars by 2030. It is
important to emphasize that half of the electric cars in circulation are in China. China has
generated several plans to increase the purchase of electric cars in the country, including an
appreciable increase in taxes on purchases of gasoline-powered cars, while at the same time
eliminating taxes on electric car purchases. The country accounts for a total of 40% of the world's
electric car market. In addition, strict emission standards have been implemented, which are
intended to encourage the purchase of electric cars. Another example of the progress that China is
making in this market is the fact that several non-automotive companies are entering the market.
Progress in this area can also be found in public transportation, since 30 cities in the country
already have electric public transportation. These are some of the methodologies that China is
implementing to switch to the electric car market, and through the transition, Chinese car brands
have begun to bring out hybrid cars.

in the face of the crisis, china has opted for the implementation of energy collection systems such
as wind and solar, thus representing its effort for a significant reduction in the emission of gases,
even the chinese efforts to overcome the crisis have surpassed those of the united states. the
promotion and implementation of clean technologies is planned throughout the country, in
addition to the total closure of those factories that generate large amounts of pollution, and these
will be strictly controlled in order to avoid transmissions greater than those allowed. a greater
energetic efficiency is being sought, which allows the use of new energies in daily and industrial
sectors, this can be seen in the implementation, importation, and production of electric cars, which
at the same time becomes one of the methodologies in order to reduce polluting cases by cars that
continue to implement fuel cars.

among the proposals for the reduction of pollutants, is the investment by the state in all those
areas of production of clean and sustainable energy, in addition to the search for new
methodologies to maintain the development of Chinese industries (which export and generate
much of the products sold in the countries), by allowing them to be more efficient in controlling
the amount of pollution while maintaining their productivity. as one of the economic powers, the
country can think of buying shares of recognized companies in the production of renewable
energies in the world, bringing their headquarters to the country and making them a
transcendental retreater in the control and management of renewable energies. finally, we can
think of implementing severe penalties to those organizations or factories that do not comply with
the new laws (laws which can be considered to be modified in order to benefit the country's
economy and environment) on reduction of pollutant transmissions.

https://kids.nationalgeographic.com/geography/countries/article/china#:~:text=use%20is
%20prohibited.-,Stretching%203%2C100%20miles%20(5%2C000%20kilometers)%20from%20east
%20to%20west%20and,is%20made%20up%20of%20mountains.

OpenAI. "What China's economy looks like globally" (Accessed May 20, 2023). In ChatGPT. OpenAI.
Fernández, Tomás y Tamaro, Elena. «Biografia de Li Keqiang». En Biografías y Vidas. La enciclopedia
biográfica en línea [Internet]. Barcelona, España, 2004. Disponible
en https://www.biografiasyvidas.com/biografia/l/li_keqiang.htm [fecha de acceso: 20 de mayo de
2023].

https://www.cronista.com/financial-times/china-se-convierte-en-una-potencia-de-la-industria-de-
derivados-del-petroleo/

https://www.eleconomista.es/mercados-cotizaciones/noticias/11876159/07/22/Por-que-China-no-usa-
su-petroleo-y-sus-refinerias-para-aliviar-la-crisis-global-de-combustibles.html

https://www.elcarrocolombiano.com/industria/china-vendio-el-60-de-todos-los-carros-electricos-del-
mundo-en-2022/

https://www.mordorintelligence.com/es/industry-reports/china-electric-vehicles-ev-market-outlook

https://www.diariolasamericas.com/mundo/china-eleva-nivel-polucion-segun-informe-n5328341

https://www.eleconomista.es/economia/noticias/12165424/02/23/China-se-olvida-del-cambio-
climatico-y-anuncia-la-mayor-cifra-de-licencias-para-nuevas-plantas-de-carbon-en-anos.html

OpenAI. “plan chino contra la contaminación" (Accessed May 20, 2023). In ChatGPT. OpenAI.