Activity: Give Me Some Space and Move On!

Objectives: Infer how atoms and molecules of matter behave as it undergoes change.

Materials:

Set A.
 Acetone or denatured alcohol
 Petri dish or similar container
 Dropper
Set B.
 50 mL beaker
 Watch glass (as lid of beaker) A
 Alcohol lamp with denatured alcohol
 tripod and wire gauze
Set C.
 Ice cubes
Set D.
 Powdered mothball
 Alcohol lamp
 Tripod and wire gauze
 Funnel
 Perforated paper
 Cotton
(Note: A perforated paper is a piece of paper with small holes that will serve as passage for camphor vapors.)
Set E.
 Melted ice candy
 Plastic container (gravy container)
 Ice cubes
 100 g Table salt
 Ice cream container/Styrofoam box or similar container

Procedure:
Part A. Evaporation
1. Put 5 drops of acetone or denatured alcohol in a petri dish. Observe Record the time for it to
become dry.

Q1. Draw the arrangement of particles of acetone before and after it undergo physical change.
Q2. Describe the motion of the particles of acetone before and after it undergo physical change.
Q3.What do you call the process wherein the substance changes from liquid to gas?

PRECAUTIONARY MEASURES:
1. Wear goggles, gloves and safety apron in performing this activity in a well-ventilated area.
2. Follow the procedures carefully. You are about to use flammable materials.
3. Do not play around while heating/boiling substances.
Part B. Condensation
1. Measure 20 mL of water in a beaker. Cover it with a watch glass and boil it for 2 minutes.

Q1. What happens to water as it boils?

Q2. Where did some of the particles of water go?

2. Remove the boiled water from heat and let it cool without removing the lid. Observe.

Q3. What do you see in the lid of the beaker?

Q4. Draw the arrangement of particles of water before and after cooling.
Q5. Describe the arrangement of the particles of water before and after cooling.
Q6. What process of physical change is observed before and after cooling?
Q7. What do you call the process wherein a substance changes from gas to liquid?

Part C. Melting
1. Leave an ice undisturbed in a container. Observe changes on the ice after 2 minutes.

Q1. Does ice undergo physical change? Describe.

Q2. Draw the arrangement of particles of ice before and after it undergo physical change.
Q3. Describe the motion of the particles of ice before and after it undergo physical change.
Q4. What do you call the process wherein a substance changes from solid to liquid?

(REMINDER: Do not play around while doing this part of activity.)

Part D. Sublimation and Deposition

1. Put a powdered mothball (camphor) in a watch glass covered with a funnel. Put the perforated
paper in between the funnel and the container containing powdered mothball. (See the figure
below).

2. Apply heat and observe changes after 2 minutes.

Q1. Do you still see the particles of mothball in the watch glass after heating it? What happened
to the particles of mothball? Is it still in the watch glass? Why?
Q2. Draw the particles of mothball before and after heating.
Q3. What happens to the particles of mothballs before and after heating?
Q4. What do you call the process wherein a substance changes directly from solid to gas without
passing into the liquid state?
Q5. Did you observe visible particles inside the funnel after heating the mothball for 1 minute?
After heating the mothball for 2 minutes?
Q6. Why are particles of mothball not visible to the eyes as it passes through the perforated
paper?
Q7. After the set-up has cooled, what particles are found in the funnel?
Q8. Draw the arrangement of particles of mothball after heating it for two minutes and after it
has cooled down.
Q9. Describe the motion of the particles of mothball after it has cooled down.
Q10. What do you call the process wherein a substance changes from gas to solid?

Part E. Solidification
1. Put the melted ice candy in a plastic container (salad or gelatin container, gravy container in
fast foods)
2. Prepare a mixture of crushed ice and salt. Put it in a 1.5 L empty ice cream container.
3. Put the melted ice candy at the center of the ice cream container. Make sure that the crushed
ice and salt mixture completely covers it.
(Note: It’s much better if it is put inside a styrofoam box.)

Q1. What happened to the melted ice candy after 30 min?

Q2. Draw the particles of ice candy before and after it undergo physical change.
Q3. Describe the motion of the particles of ice candy before and after it undergo physical change.
Q4. What do you call the process wherein a substance changes from liquid to solid?