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SCIENCE 8
Third Quarter PARTICLE NATURE OF MATTER
Week 3 and 4

MELC: Explain physical changes in terms of the arrangement and motion

of atoms and molecules
Objectives:
1. identify and explain the different changes happening in the states of
matter
2. infer from the experimentation how does particle movement affects
change of matter
3. relate the change in temperature to the change of matter

Let’s Try

Directions: Look at the picture at right. The pictures show changes in matter. Encircle the words
related to changes in matter found on the box and list it down. Write your answers on your Science
study notebook.
Source: https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/853924779318902245

Source: https://www.theschoolrun.com/
what-are-states-of-matter
 Let’s Explore and Discover

Living in our planet Earth is possible because of the presence of water.

Its function is limitless. The air around Earth is a gas. It contains water
vapor. Water vapor is water that has become a gas.
Some of the water you drink comes from rivers. Some comes from
rainwater that has soaked into the ground. All of this water originally came
from the ocean. Eventually, it will go back to the ocean. This movement of
water is called the water cycle.
We can describe all the things around us as solids, liquids, or gases.
Water cycle is one good example of physical change that that passes the
transformation from a solid to liquid and even to a gas.
 Ice, liquid water, and water vapor
are three different states of water. You can
change water from one state to another by
changing the temperature. It is also
associated with the change in the
movement of its particles. As the
temperature rise the kinetic energy of
particles also increases. As seen in the
figure there are changes happening into
solids such melting,
vaporization/evaporation, condensation,
freezing, deposition and sublimation.
Using this model, you were able to infer
that the arrangement and motion of the
particles of matter, as well as the
attraction between them change when
they change from one state to another.
However, the same particles of matter are
involved when these changes happen.
The particle model of matter can
Source: https://ibalchemy/1-1/
explain the following phase changes:
evaporation, boiling, condensation,
melting, and freezing.
As evaporation takes place, the water molecules which did not
escape and were left in the liquid have a lower average kinetic energy
than the molecules that escaped. The effect of this is the decrease in the
temperature of the liquid water. Evaporation is a cooling process.
You can feel this cooling effect yourself when you apply acetone on
your nails or rubbing alcohol on your arms. Acetone and rubbing alcohol
are volatile liquids. They readily evaporate. As they evaporate, the
molecules get heat energy from your body leaving you with a cool
sensation.
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 It is important to remember that the evaporation of a liquid in a
closed container is different from evaporation from an open container. In
a closed container, no particles can escape into the air outside the cover of
the container. Evaporation still happens in a covered container. Some of
the molecules of water on the surface of the liquid escape and go into the
gaseous state. These molecules may then collide with the inner surface of
the cover and as more and more of these molecules do so, some may stay
on the cover, accumulate and form droplets. This process where a gas is
changed into a liquid is called condensation. It is the reverse of
evaporation.
In a closed container, the molecules of water continue to evaporate
and condense, but there is no net change in the number of molecules in
the liquid or in the gas phase. Molecules of water that previously
evaporated are condensing, but other water molecules are evaporating.
There are many other examples of condensation that you may have
observed. Condensation is responsible for ground-level fog that we see on
some cold days or along the highway leading to Baguio, for your eye
glasses fogging up when you go from an air-conditioned room or vehicle
to the outdoors on a hot day, and for the water that collects on the outside
of your glass of cold drink.
Let’s take for an example an ice cube, which was taken from the
freezer. It is at a lower temperature than the surrounding room
temperature. Some of the heat energy of the surroundings is transferred to
the water molecules in the ice. When temperature increases so as kinetic
energy, the molecules vibrate so fast and they break away from their fixed
positions. The arrangement of the water molecules in solid state (e.g. ice)
gradually becomes disorganized and the solid where the molecules are in
fixed positions turns to liquid where the molecules are more free to move.
This transformation process in which a solid is changed to a liquid is
called melting.

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 On the other hand, when you put liquid water inside a freezer, the
cooling system of the refrigerator removes heat energy from the water
molecules as a result of which they have less kinetic energy and move
more slowly. As more and more heat is removed and as the molecules
move more slowly, the forces of attraction between the molecules cause
the molecules to be aligned. As this removal of heat continues, the
molecules lose so much energy that they are not able to move from place
to place but only able to vibrate in place. In time, the liquid water becomes
solid water, which is ice. Freezing is the process in which a liquid is
changed to a solid.
Note that liquid water that freezes is still water. Similarly, ice that
melts is still water. This is why after melting an ice cube, you can freeze
the liquid water back to ice. In other words, the same molecules of water
are involved when these changes occur.
There are special cases in changing one state to another. We seem to
understand that for a solid to become gas it must undergo change into
liquid first or it must be same with the case of changing gas to solid. But,
this is not always true. There is a direct change form solid to gas and gas
to solid vise-versa. These are what we call sublimation and deposition.
Sublimation is a condition when a solid directly changes to gas best
example are naphthalene balls/moth balls and bathroom solid deodorizer.
While deposition takes place when gas directly change to solid best
example is during winter season when window sills have accumulated ice
through the vapor coming from the house.

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 Let’s Practice
Activity 1. Complete the missing information. Write your answer on your
Science study notebook.
STATE ADD/RELEASE OF NEW STATE EXAMPLE
HEAT

Activity 2. On your own choice, write the state of matter in the circles and color the changes
that will occur. Number 1 will serve as your sample. Write your answer on your Science study
notebook.

1. 4.

2. 5.

3. 6.

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 Let’s Do More
Activity 3. Matter: Can you Change?
Directions: Perform the experiment below. Then, answer briefly the
questions that follow. Write your answer on your Science study
notebook.
Objectives:
1. identify and explain the different changes happening in the states of
matter
2. infer from the experimentation how does particle movement affects
change of matter
3. relate the change in temperature to the change of matter
Materials Needed:
Note: In case some materials are not
 ice cubes or you can use ice bought in your neighbor
available, you are encouraged to use
just crushed it but not too small materials available in your homes.
 glass as your container You have just to look around your
 small casserole or any cooking ware available in your kitchen and be resourceful.
home
 marker
 burner or any type of source of fire you used at your
home.

Procedure:
1.Fill the glass with ice. In the table next page, describe the temperature
of the ice by choosing between 1-very cold, 2-cold, 3-warm, 4-hot, 5,
very hot. If thermometer is available in home, you can put the actual
temperature on the table.
2. Leave the ice in the glass for 10 minutes. Then, describe the
temperature of the ice by choosing between 1-very cold, 2-cold, 3-warm,
4-hot, 5, very hot. If thermometer is available in home, you can put the
actual temperature on the table.
3. Watch for the ice until it is all completely melted. If it is melted
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 already, put a mark on glass the water level.
4. Getthe casserole and pour the water from the glass. Describe the
temperature of the ice by choosing between 1-very cold, 2-cold, 3-warm,
4-hot, 5, very hot. If thermometer is available in home, you can put the
actual temperature on the table.
5. Put the casserole in the burner or in any source of
fire in your kitchen. After 1 minute, describe the
temperature of the ice by choosing between 1-very
Please be guided by an
cold, 2-cold, 3-warm, 4-hot, 5, very hot. If adult in using
thermometer is available in home, you can put the burner/fire. Be careful
in handling hot water.
actual temperature on the table. Be careful not to
touch the water just put your hand 5 inches above the
water.
6. When the water is boiling. Put your hand one 12 inch or 1 foot above
the boiling water. Then, describe the temperature of the ice by choosing
between 1-very cold, 2-cold, 3-warm, 4-hot, 5, very hot. If thermometer
is available in home, you can put the actual temperature on the table.

7. After1 minute of boiling, turn off the fire or remove the casserole away
from the fire.
8. After10 minutes, pour back on the glass with mark. Then, describe
the temperature of the ice by choosing between 1-very cold, 2-cold, 3-
warm, 4-hot, 5, very hot. If thermometer is available in home, you can
put the actual temperature on the table. Mark again the level of water.

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Table 1. Description of the water’s temperature at a given time. describe the temperature of
the ice by choosing between 1-very cold, 2-cold, 3-warm, 4-hot, 5, very hot. If thermometer is
available in home, you can put the actual temperature.

Water in the Water in Water in the Water after boiling

Boiling
Ice glass after 10 the casserole in the glass after
water
min. casserole after 1 min. 10 min.

Description of
the water or
the actual
temperature

Answer the following question briefly based on the result of your activity.
1.What state of matter does ice belong? How will you describe the
temperature of the solid ice?
Draw the particles of a solid ice.
(drawing area)

2. What state of matter does water in the glass after 10 minutes the ice melted belong? How will you
describe the temperature of the water?
Draw the particles of a water.

(drawing area)

3. Whatstate of matter does the water vapor 8 inches above the casserole
belong? How will you describe the temperature of the water vapor?
Draw the particles of a water vapor.

(drawing area)

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 4. Based on your result, does the water changes its state when it changes
from ice to water and to water vapor? If yes, what can you say about the
temperature of water as it changes from one state to another?

5. What
can you say about the movement of particles of water as it
changes from one state to another?

Conclusion

How does particle movement and temperature affect the change of

matter?
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________

Application
1. How does sweating helps you to keep cool?

2. What will happen when ice melts in the polar region?

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 What I Have Learned

Direction: Fill in the blanks the missing word/s written in the box to
complete the idea of the statement. Write your answer on the answer
sheet provided.

matter condensation melting sublimation deposition

evaporation temperature space transferred freezing

1. When matter changes from solid to liquid the process is called ____.
2. The reverse of melting is called ___, when liquid becomes a solid.
3. Solids, liquids and gases are called the three states of __________.
4. When water is heated, it changes to steam. This change is called ____.
5. Particles in a gas are spread out and fill all the _____around them.
6. happens when water vapor cools, turning the water
vapor into water droplets.
7. takes place when gas directly change to solid.
8. As the increases the kinetic energy of molecules also
increases.
9. The process where solid directly change into gas is called ________.
10. Energy form one molecule is being ______to another molecule.

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Let’s Assess
I. Modified TRUE or FALSE. On the space provided before each
number, write TRUE if the given statement is correct. If the statement is
wrong change the underlined word. Write your answer on the answer
sheet provided.
1. An increase in temperature increases molecular
motion and
increases the distance between atoms and
molecules in solids, liquids, and gases
2. A decrease in the speed of the molecules
allows the attractions between molecules to
bring them a little closer together
3. Heating a solid decrease, the motion of the atoms.
4. Cooling a gas stops all of its molecular motion.
5. The molecules of the liquid inside the thermometer
increase in speed when the temperature is cooled.

Multiple Choices. Write the letter of the correct answer on the space
II.
provide each number. Write your answer on the answer sheet
provided.
1.When a thermometer is heated, the red liquid inside the
thermometer moves up. This is mainly because:
a) Hot liquid is lighter
b) The red liquid is thin.
c) The glass of the thermometer gets hot
d) The molecules of the liquid move faster and get a little further
apart
2. Whena thermometer is cooled, the red liquid inside the
thermometer moves down. This is mainly because:
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 a) Cold liquids sink
b) The red liquid is thick
c) The glass of the thermometer gets cold
d) The molecules of the liquid move slower and get a little closer
together
3. Foodcoloring spreads out faster in hot water than in cold water. This is
mainly because:
a) Hot water is less dense
b) The molecules in hot water are larger
c) The food coloring molecules are small
d) The water molecules in hot water move more quickly

4. When you heat a sample of a solid, the sample gets a little bigger. This is
mainly because:
a. Heat helps the particles grow
b. Heating the sample makes it lighter
c. Particles move faster and get a little further apart
d. Heating helps the particles slide pass each other and move
slowly
5. When you heat a sample of gas, what happens to the particles that make up
the gas?
e) The particles get smaller
f) The particles break apart
g) The particles move faster
h) The particles become more dense

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Answer Key

Let’s Try Let’s Practice

(in any order) Activity 1
1. melting
2. freezing
3. evaporation
4. condensation
5. sublimation
6. deposition
7. solid
8. liquid
9. gas

Activity 2.
(answers may vary)

Activity 3.
(answers may vary)

For inquiries and clarifications, please text or call:

Diosa C. Escalona 0916-256-1389

Schuster Aris P. Evangelista 0948-031-5060
Teodora O. Bunag 0916-790-4603
Rosmen M. Mendoza 0946-887-0654

PORFIRIO G. COMIA MEMORIAL NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Barcenaga, Naujan, Oriental Mindoro

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Extra Answer Sheet

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