DENSITY OF AIR:

ρ = P / (Rspecific * T)

Where,

ρ = Density of Air in (Kg / m3)

P = Absolute Pressure of Air in Pascal (pa = N / m2)

Rspecific = Specific Gas Constant in (J / Kg K) where (J = Nm)

T = Absolute Temperature in Kelvin (K)

SPECIFIC GAS CONSTAN:

The ratio of the molar gas constant(R) to the molar mass (M) of the gas mixture is called The
specific gas constant.

METHODS:

 Molar Mass
 Specific Heat

MOLAR MASS METHOD:

Rspecific = R / M

Where,

R = Universal Gas Constant (8.3144598 J/mol K)

M = Molar Mass (g / mol or kg / mol) for atmospheric air is 28.97 g/mol or 0.02897 kg/mol.

VISCOSITY:

Dynamic viscosity:

τ = μ.(du/dy)= μ.(dt/dθ)

Where,

τ = Shear Stress
 μ = Dynamic or Absolute Viscosity

du/dy = Velocity Gradient

dt/dθ = Rate of Angular Deformation

SI Unit of μ is Pa s or N s/ m2 or Kg / m s

CGS Unit is Poise.

1 poise = 0.1N s/m2

Kinematic Viscosity:

v=μ/ρ

v =Kinematic Viscosity

μ = Dynamic or Absolute Viscosity

ρ = Density of Air in (Kg / m3)

SI Unit of v is m2/ s

CGS Unit is cm2/ s or stroke

1 stroke = cm2/ s = 10-4 m2/ s

Notes:

According to Some Standard Max Allowable Velocity of Liquid is 4.5 m/s and Min Velocity is 0.9 m/s in
Pipe System

Pressure Drop Calculation for Single Phase Air Pipe Line:

Density of air is depend on both temperature and Pressure, So Density is not same throughout system,
if there is Density change there is change in flow rate too

Qg = Vg * A

General Pressure Drop Equation:

∆P = (12.6 * (S* Qg2 * Z * T1 * f * L)) / (P1 * d5)

 Where,

S = Gas Specific Gravity at Standard Condition

Z = Compressibility factor for gas (Refer to GPSA Engineering Data Book)

Qg = Gas Flow Rate, MMscfd (at 14.7 psig and 60 °F)

T1 = Flowing Temperature, °R (Rankine Degree)

f = Moody friction factor, dimensionless.

L = Length, feet

P1 = Upstream Pressure, psia

d = Pipe Internal Diameter, inch

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OTHER GAS LAWS:

Ideal Gas Law:

PV=nRT

Where,

P = Pressure, Pa (N/m2)

V = Volume, m3

R= Universal Gas Constant (8.3144598 J/mol K)

T = Absolute Temperature in Kelvin (K)

n = Number of Moles, mol

n=W/m

Where,

W = Weight of Gas in Kg or g

M = Molar Mass of Gas in Kg/mol or g / mol

Whereas PV/T= k, k is constant.