édito

sommaire N° 474 / Du 30 mai au 12 juin 2019

NIVEAU DE DIFFICULTÉ ET ÉQUIVALENCE CECRL
(Cadre Européen Commun de Référence pour les langues) :
 facile A2-B1  moyen B2-C1  difficile C1-C2
Pour faciliter le repérage et la compréhension, les mots traduits sont surlignés dans tous les
articles du magazine.

AMÉLIE ARA Grand angle ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 4

RÉDACTRICE EN CHEF On parle d'eux .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 5

À la une
Why does Britain farm so much sugar?
When the British are
 B2-C1

THE INDEPENDENT (UK) ................................................................................................................................................................................. 6

at table... The consequences of intensive sugar beet farming in the UK.

In this issue of Vocable we take a look at British  B2-C1 Brexit and the land of the porridge people
gastronomy, and its possible fate with Brexit THE NEW YORK TIMES (US) ......................................................................................................................................................................... 9
looming; as it has the potential to impact the Is British gastronomy in danger due to Brexit?
availability of food, a concern which continues to
make headlines in the major newspapers. There  A2-B1 Focus ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 11
is another worry, less obvious, for the British. To
understand it, you must go back to the post-war Société
period, when food was still rationed, and where  B2-C1 Why people care about ancient buildings THE ECONOMIST (UK) . 12
tinned meat accompanied by carrots, potatoes The fire at Notre-Dame Cathedral and the response of solidarity worldwide.
and bright green peas was the basic diet for most
people. The first major change occurred, coinci-  A2-B1 Sur le vif .................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 14
dentally, when the United Kingdom entered the
European Economic Community in 1973. A new Enjeux
way of thinking about food began and, critically,  B2-C1 Fox News, an unusual spot for 2020 Democrats
new products began arriving that revolutionised THE NEW YORK TIMES (US) ....................................................................................................................................................................... 15
eating habits in Britain. Since then, the progress A new media outlet for 2020 Democratic candidates.
has continued. Nowadays, London stands tall
among the gastronomic greats worldwide, with
nearly 70 starred restaurants and a remarkable PRATIC’ABLE  ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 17
culturally diverse cuisine. But is Brexit putting Vocabulaire, expressions et astuces pour parler
all this in danger? comme un anglophone
Dans un immeuble/ Point de grammaire : Should et would / L’expression idiomatique
On another front, Brexit provides the oppor-
tunity to rethink the farming model entirely.
A bill by Agricultural Minister, Michael Gove,
proposes to offer grants to farmers who are more
 B2-C1 Improving the image of McDonald’s THE ECONOMIST (UK) ....................... 22
Bob Langert’s fight to improve McDonald’s reputation.

environmentally focused. This would hopefully
end the intensive farming of sugar beets, for ex-
ample, which threatens to destroy the arable land
 A2-B1 À 360° ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 24

of East Anglia and fuels the very real addiction

in the U.K… to sugar. Culture
 C1-C2 Aretha Franklin Amazing Grace LOS ANGELES TIMES (US) ................................... 25
Happy Reading! The Queen of Soul’s mythical concert currently on the big screen.

 A2-B1 Zoom sur .................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 27

 C1-C2 Chloë Grace Moretz: ‘I wish I was born a bit earlier’
Rejoignez-nous sur et suivez-nous sur et sur THE GUARDIAN (UK) ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 28
The young American actress playing alongside Isabelle Huppert in Greta.


 A2-B1 Les échos ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 30

BONUS
Découverte
 B2-C1 Cactus theft in the American desert THE GUARDIAN (UK) ........................... 31.
L’article est repris sur le CD ou les MP3 The Saguaro, victim of a cactus black market.
de conversation : Des interviews en V.O.
pour améliorer votre compréhension  B2-C1 Flying cars and climate change LOS ANGELES TIMES (US) .................................... 33.
Tous les articles du magazine sont lus par des Could these futuristic vehicles be beneficial from an ecological

anglophones sur le CD (ou les MP3) de lecture perspective?
Retrouvez le reportage vidéo
lié à l’ article sur vocable.fr Les sorties ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 34
Le dessin .................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 35
Photo de couverture : Istock
 On parle d'eux… Retrouvez le fil d’infos sur www.vocable.fr

Ceux qui font l'actu

William Barr
The US attorney general, William Barr, has been in an
ongoing battle with House Democrats regarding his
handling of the Mueller report. He stands accused of
spinning the 448-page report to make it look as though
the special counsel Robert Mueller definitively conclud-
ed that there was no collusion between Trump’s cam-
paign and the Russian government. Mueller himself
wrote a letter to Barr to complain that his four-page sum-
mary “did not fully capture the context, nature, and sub-
stance” of his findings and created “public confusion”
about them. Barr refused to testify before the House ju-
diciary committee in May, and is facing calls to resign
from several Democrats, including Hillary Clinton.

(Erin Schaff/The New York Times)

Attorney General (US) the chief law officer of a nation / ongoing continuing /
House Democrat Democrat in the House of Representatives / handling
management, way of dealing with / to spin, spun, spun here, to summarise in a
certain and deliberate way to control the outcome/effect / special counsel
prosecutor specially appointed for a specific enquiry / summary brief account of the
important facts / to capture to translate, summarise, here, convey the essential
facts or conclusions of / findings conclusions / to testify to attest / House
judiciary committee standing committee of the United States House of
Representatives, charged with overseeing the administration of justice / to face to
confront, be challenged by / call demand / to resign to leave (a post). (James Veysey/REX/Shutterstock/SIPA)
(Mark Thomas/REX/SIPA)

(SIPA)
Chris Grayling Penny Mordaunt Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez

The UK Transport secretary Chris Grayling
has cancelled ferry contracts signed to ensure
critical imports could reach the UK in the
event of a no-deal Brexit, a move that will
cost £50m to taxpayers – the cost of
compensation to ferry operators for
termination. Questioned in parliament,
Grayling confirmed similar contracts could be
signed again later this year if needed.
transport secretary minister for transport / to ensure
to guarantee, make sure / critical crucial, essential /
imports importation (here, merchandise coming into a
country) / in the event of in case of / no-deal Brexit
British exit from the European Union without a deal /
move decision / taxpayer citizen of a country paying
tax / termination here, official ending of a contract /
questioned officially asked for an explanation.
In May, Penny Mordaunt became the UK’s In a much-commented Twitter blunder,
first female defence secretary after Gavin freshman Democratic Representative
Williamson was sacked by Prime Minister Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez mistook a fellow
Theresa May over the leaking of a key decision Democrat representative for a Republican. In
related to the Chinese telecoms company her post, she attempted to call out an “older
Huawei from a UK National Security Council male” Republican for posing next to a
meeting. A Royal Navy reservist, a former cardboard cutout of her but it appears that it
minister for the armed forces and the MP for was Representative John Yarmuth, a
Portsmouth, Penny Mordaunt is also an Democrat from Kentucky, who was striking a
enthusiastic Brexiter who partly led the Vote pose. The Congresswoman deleted her tweet
Leave campaign in 2016. after being mocked by several Republican
commentators.
defence secretary minister of defence / to be sacked
to be fired, here, to be relieved of a position of blunder mistake, error / freshman here, newly elected
responsibility in the government / over because of, as a member of Congress / to mistake, took, taken for to
result of / leaking allowing confidential information to confuse with / fellow colleague / to attempt to try,
be made public / National Security Council (UK) NSC, here, to intend to / to call out to criticise / cardboard
agency overseeing all issues related to national security, (made of) thick, stiff paper / cutout silhouette poster
intelligence coordination and defence strategy / Royal representing AOC / to strike, struck, struck a pose to
Navy United Kingdom’s naval branch of the military / stand next to for a photo / to be mocked to be laughed
MP = Member of Parliament / enthusiastic here, at, joked about.
committed / partly in part, was part of the / Vote
Leave campaign pro-Brexit campaign.

VOCABLE Du 30 mai au 12 juin 2019 •5

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170
In England and Wales, 170 children and teenagers a day
are having operations in NHS hospitals to remove
multiple teeth that have been rotted by sugar.
East Anglia

THE INDEPENDENT EMILY CLARK

WHY DOES BRITAIN

FARM SO MUCH SUGAR?
The consequences of producing beet sugar in the U.K.

Are the British addicted to sugar? Well some studies would have you believe so. And, This is about a sickness in the nutrient-rich
while we know the excessive consumption of sugar has an impact on health, it is now bit of planetary crust that we call topsoil,
understood to be damaging agriculture, more specifically arable land, which is which campaigners say is caused in part by
suffering from the intensive farming of sugar beets in England. Just as Britain our sweet tooth. 
prepares to leave the Common Agricultural Policy, major changes are required by

I
creating a new model of agriculture before it is too late.
t seems drastic to link a packet of Percy
Pigs to the death of all life on Earth as
we know it. And largely, it is – most species
1. to link (sth/sb) to (sth/sb) to make a connection
between sth/sb and sth/sb / Percy Pigs British brand of
pig-shaped sweets (confectionary product) made in
Germany for Marks & Spencer since 1992. / largely here, to
a certain extent, on the whole / species (inv.) type of
animal/plant /
would thrive as soon as humans were off the
scene. However, our addiction to sugar re-
ally could be perilous – just maybe not for
the reasons you think. This isn’t just about
the global obesity crisis or type 2 diabetes.
to thrive, thrived or throve, thrived or thriven to
prosper / to be off the scene to disappear / perilous
dangerous, risky / global worldwide /
2. Topsoil is the first few inches of soil in
which we grow our crops. We’ve been using
it to cultivate food for at least 12,000 years,
and as per humanity’s fondness for self-
sickness illness, physical disorder / bit part / crust outer
layer / topsoil top layer of earth / campaigner active
supporter of a cause, militant / sweet tooth a penchant
for sugar.
2. inch = 2.54 cm / to grow, grew, grown to cultivate,
produce / crop agricultural plant / as per in accordance
with / fondness taste for, preference, liking, here, as
humanity loves to self-sabotage... /

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NIVEAU AVANCÉ DU SUPPLÉMENT SONORE
Oliver Woodhead created an English restaurant with French products right in the
heart of Paris. On the Advanced recording, listen to how the owner of L'Entente went
against the odds to bring casual excellence to British food in Paname.
CD audio ou téléchargement MP3 (sur abonnement)
Britain grows enough sugar beet for
half of its own sugar demand. (Istock)
sabotage, we have made good progress in
destroying it. British topsoil has only 30 to
40 years of fertility left, or so says environ-
ment secretary Michael Gove.  to represent, make up / to deplete to exhaust, (here,
SUGAR BEET FARMING
3. The charity Feedback is now campaigning
against the farming of sugar beet in the UK,
saying it is a “poster crop” for degrading
topsoil. It says sugar beet farmers extract
300,000 tonnes of topsoil from Britain’s
secretary here, minister.
3. beet (US), beetroot (GB) dark red root vegetable /
charity non-profit organisation which helps a cause /
poster crop prime example of all that can be wrong for
our agriculture and food system /
Téléchargez l’appli Vocable offerte à nos abonnés ! www.vocable.fr/applimobile
most fertile fields during the beet harvest was brought in to tax soft drinks firms if
– which could account for a 10th of the sugar content exceeded 5g per 100ml, affect-
country’s annual topsoil loss. Why are we ing Coke, Red Bull and Irn-Bru among others.
farming sugar beet? So we can The government says the tax
extract a nutrient-deplete en- “resulted in over 50 per cent of
ergy source – sucrose. This is manufacturers reducing the
your average white table sugar, sugar content of drinks … the
which we pack like crack-ad- equivalent of 45 million kg of
dled addicts into our sweets, sugar every year”. 
soups, ketchup, bread, yo-
ghurts and baby’s rusks. 6. It’s a great start, but we
They even put it in Bran still have a way to go. Sug-
Flakes, though they still The NHS spent ar should account for no
taste like cardboard.  £6.1bn on more than 5 per cent of our
daily calorie intake, accord-
SUGAR HEALTH overweight and ing to government targets.
CRISIS obesity-related A chiev ing t his target
4. Some argue it’s unwise illness in 2014-15. would require a two-thirds
to demonise food groups reduction in the average
for our health crises, tempt- diet. The NHS spent £6.1bn
ing as it may be when dia- on overweight and obesity-
betics are being amputated and a quarter related illness in 2014-15, according to of-
of children are reported as being overweight ficial estimates. That’s more than the
or obese. In April, a study in The Lancet amount spent on police, the fire service and
warned against the sugar and fat debate, the judicial system combined. Have we lost
saying the focus needed to be on the “poor bobbies to the beet?  >>>
quality” diets that cause the early death of
11 million people around the world every 5. to bring, brought, brought in to introduce / soft
year. The problem in the UK, according to drink non-alcoholic drink / content here, what is
contained inside / manufacturer maker, producer.
authors behind the Global Burden of Dis-
6. a way to go progress still to be made / intake
ease study, is a lack of whole grains, fruit, consumption / target objective / to achieve to reach, to
vegetables, nuts and seeds in our diets. arrive at / to require to necessitate / NHS = National
However, the scientists did also point the Health Service / bn = billion (one thousand million) /
illness disorder, sickness / Have we lost bobbies to the
finger at fizzy drinks.  beet? ref to the phrase ‘bobbies on the beat’ meaning
police officers walking the streets to prevent crime, here,
5. Sugar has become enough of a worry for also means losing police officers to budget cuts as more is
required to treat sugar related illnesses.
the government to act. One year ago, a law
harvest cutting and gathering of plants / to account for
SUR LE BOUT DE LA LANGUE
nutrient-deplete lacking in vitamins or other food value)
/ sucrose common sugar / average ordinary, typical,
standard / to pack to put into, here, to include, add to / Know your beverages
addled confused, unable to think clearly, as if on crack, on (boissons)
drugs / addict person with a dependence on a substance /
sweets confectionary / rusk teething biscuit (for babies) / Quelle est la différence entre soft,
to taste to have the flavour of. sparkling et fizzy ?
4. health physical well-being, here, nutritional / to argue a soft drink boisson non alcoolisée
to maintain, say / unwise ill-advised / tempting a fizzy drink (§ 4) avec des bulles,
appealing / to report to declare, register / to warn to souvent synonyme d'une boisson
caution, inform of possible danger / fat triglyceride, in the sucrée, moins noble qu'un "sparkling
group of lipids / focus centre of interest, here, priority / drink"
poor here, bad / diet food regimen / according to as
stated/reported by / global worldwide / burden heavy
sparkling water eau gazeuse
responsibility / disease illness, health disorder / lack (naturelle ou gazéifiée)
absence, shortage / whole grain complete cereal / seed sparkling wine un vin mousseux
grain / fizzy drink soda.
VOCABLE Du 30 mai au 12 juin 2019 •7
 À la une I Société I ROYAUME-UNI I  B2-C1

£153.8m
Between April (when it was
introduced) and October 2018, the
sugar tax on soft drinks raised
£153.8m in the United Kingdom.
90%
A recent survey found that 90% of
the public in the UK support the
government working with industry
to make food and drinks healthier.

>>> LAND DAMAGE

7. So it’s time to dig a little deeper. Not liter-
ally. Sugar beet is not just damaging us but
it could be harming our land too – and with
it, the ability to feed ourselves. It’s not well
known, but Britain grows enough sugar beet
for half of our own sugar demand. There
are 110,000 hectares of land in England,
mostly in East Anglia, dedicated to growing
it – the largest proportion of any country.
All of Britain’s 3,500 sugar beet farmers sell
their crop to one company – British Sugar.
This company is part of AB Sugar, which
runs similar operations in nine other coun-
tries including the United States, China and
Spain. 

8. AB Sugar is in turn part of Associated

British Foods – which owns the Silver Spoon
and Billington’s sugar brands, as well as
Twinings, Ryvita, Kingsmill, Patak’s and
Blue Dragon. Oh, and Primark.  Harvesting sugar beet In East Anglia. (Tim Scrivener/Rex Features/SIPA)
9. Harvesting sugar beet causes “approxi-
mately 9.1 tonnes of soil loss per hectare”,
according to Feedback. The crop is more
damaging than others to soil health, the
charity says, because it is harvested in au-
tumn, when there is more rain than in
summer. “What this means is that when
they’re harvested, a lot of the soil comes up
at the same time,” says executive director
Carina Millstone.  Brexit. How we choose to award subsidies
DIETARY NEEDS
10. Millstone argues that our land should
better reflect our dietary needs. She says:
“Places where there’s been extensive farm-
ing like East Anglia, it’s been identified as
some of the areas where the soil is the most
deplete in the UK – suggesting to us that
we should be thinking, what’s the best use
of our land? Is it really to be growing an
unhealthy crop?” She argues: “I think farm-
7. land earth, here, soil / damage (inv.) harm, destruction
/ to dig, dug, dug to make a hole in the ground, excavate /
to harm to damage, be detrimental to / ability capacity,
possibility / own individual, here, national / large high / to
run, ran, run to operate, manage.
8. in turn here, for its part / to own to possess, be the
proprietor of / brand product trademark.
9. executive director general director, CEO.
10. dietary related to food intake, nutritional / extensive
important / area region / unhealthy bad for one’s wellbeing /
ers need to be rewarded for growing their
crops well but also for prioritising crops that
deliver good nutritional value and are
aligned with our public health goals.”  production”.
AFTER BREXIT
11.This land debate is taking place against
a backdrop of what many call the biggest
agricultural shakeup since the Second
World War. Yes, this shakeup is thanks to
in the post-Brexit countryside will enor-
mously influence farmers. At the moment,
under the EU’s Common Agricultural Poli-
cy, most subsidies are based on the size of
land – regardless of farming methods,
quality or quantity of produce. But Gove is
heartening environmentalists with his
policies, which the Department for Environ-
ment, Food and Rural Affairs says will see
a “transition to a new system of paying
to reward to recompense / to deliver here, to provide,
offer / to be aligned with to correspond to / goal
objective, aim.
11. against a backdrop of... in the context of / shakeup
upheaval, change / to award to give, to attribute /
subsidy financial aid from the government /
countryside rural areas / under in accordance with /
policy plan of action adopted by a government, measure
/ size dimensions, extent / regardless irrespective of,
here, with no consideration for / to hearten to comfort,
encourage / environmentalist ecologist / department
here, Ministry /
farmers ‘public money for public goods’ –
principally their work to enhance the envi-
ronment and invest in sustainable food
12. Under these subsidies, what could hap-
pen to the land of sugar? Adrian Steele has
some ideas. He’s an organic farmer who is
also a policy adviser at the Soil Association,
managing 800 acres in the Vale of Eve-
sham. He says the answer is agroecological
farming – an approach that takes into
account the health and ecology of plants,
animals, people and the environment. In
a perfect vision of England, he sees a pub-
lic policy reinvigoration of butchers, bak-
ers, mills and abattoirs across the country.
Farmers would diversify their farms to sell
all manner of grains, wheat, meat, fruit
and veg to the local community. In Eng-
land, Steele says, we have this opportu-
nity because our agricultural land is high-
ly populated – unlike America or even
Scotland. l
to enhance to improve / sustainable ecological, durable.
12. under with / organic produced without pesticides and
fertilisers / adviser consultant / to manage to run, to
control / acre 0.4 hectare / reinvigoration relaunch,
re-establishment / mill machine that grinds grain into
flour / manner here, variety, sort / wheat grain from
which flour for bread etc is made / veg = vegetables.

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50.7% 1/8
UK families buy more ultra-processed food One in eight Britons
than any others in Europe, amounting to are now vegetarian
50.7% of the diet. or vegan.

THE NEW YORK TIMES LARA PRENDERGAST

BREXIT AND THE LAND OF

THE PORRIDGE PEOPLE
Is British cuisine in danger after Brexit?
The British have made significant progress since they entered the European Union in 1973… especially where food is concerned!
Now, having said goodbye to fluorescent peas and tinned baked beans (to an extent), Brexit is raising yet another area of
concern. Will their gastronomic progress withstand the harsh reality of departure from the E.U.?

T here are few better ways to irritate

the British than to suggest that our
food is revolting. These days, we like to
think of ourselves as an island of gourmets.
2. We are so sensitive about this because for
much of the 20th century, British food was
pretty atrocious. The diet of my grandpar-
ents’ generation was defined by postwar
quired a can opener. For my parents’ genera-
tion, the options were slightly more sophis-
ticated: maybe a curry house or an “haute
cuisine” joint doing an unconvincing French
If anyone implies otherwise, we become rationing and vegetables and meat that re- impression.
dyspeptic. When
Jacques Chirac, then the THREE DECADES
president of France, told OF CHANGE
President Vladimir Pu- 3. In the past 30 years, things
tin of Russia at a Group have changed. It used to be
of 8 summit in 2005 regarded as uncouth to talk
that “we cannot trust too much about our appetites,
people who have such a bit Gallic. Now many Britons
bad cuisine,” the com- talk of little else. An interest
ment nettled Prime in food is seen as the mark of
Minister Tony Blair. The a civilized, progressive person,
food critic Egon Ronay somebody who is open to the
spoke for many when he world. Thanks to this new ob-
said, “There’s no other session, London — and much
country in the world of the rest of Britain — has
whose food has im- tremendous food, ranging
proved so greatly and from the fancy to the no-frills.
more quickly in the last Sundays are no longer for
15 to 20 years than this church, but food festivals and
country.” farmers’ markets. We worship >>>
The traditional full English
breakfast, one of Britain’s food
staples. (Istock) can opener mechanical device for
1. revolting repugnant / to opening tins / slightly a little,
imply to suggest, hint / marginally / curry house Indian
otherwise here, anything restaurant / joint restaurant, eaterie /
different / dyspeptic (lit.) indigestion, (fig.) bad- unconvincing not convincing, that is not believable or
tempered, angry, irritable / then at that time / Group of 8 serious.
summit G8 summit / to be nettled to be irritated, angry / 2. sensitive fragile, vulnerable / pretty fairly, quite / diet 3. decade period of ten years / regarded perceived /
food critic restaurant critic / to speak, spoke, spoken person’s food consumption / to be defined here, to be made uncouth bad manners / Gallic French / Briton British
for to say what everyone felt, wanted to say / greatly up of / postwar after the Second World War / rationing person / little else almost nothing, hardly anything /
considerably, importantly, significantly. distribution of limited amounts of food / vegetable plant, tremendous great / to range from... to to vary from... to
which is not a fruit, used for food / meat flesh / / fancy refined, sophisticated /

VOCABLE Du 30 mai au 12 juin 2019 •9

 À la une I Société I ROYAUME-UNI
>>> celebrity chefs and devote hours to watch- cooking oil. And so, the argument over Brex- pean Union, Britons will go hungry. The
ing cooking shows like The Great British
Bake-Off.
THE BREXIT DANGER
4. But now it appears that Brexit could put
our relatively new foodie confidence at risk.
On issues from immigration to economics,
the 2016 vote to leave the European Union
has prompted insecurity about who we are
as a nation and what we have become. Food
has not been spared.
5. Even the most hardened Leave supporter
would probably admit that British food has
improved since 1973, when we joined the
European Economic Community, the Union’s
predecessor. Once we joined the club of Eu-
rope, we became bewitched by European
eating habits, and then aped (and often im-
proved) them. Easy trade with the Continent
has filled our supermarket shelves with an
increasingly rich display of produce. Fifty
years ago, olive oil was a medicinal product
most often found in Britain in a pharmacy.
Nowadays, it is the country’s best-selling
no-frills simple, basic, unadorned / to worship to adore,
venerate / celebrity famous, star / to devote to dedicate
/ cooking show TV program about food preparation.
4. foodie gourmet / confidence self-assurance / to put,
put, put at risk to put in danger / issue question / to
prompt to cause, provoke / spared left unaffected.
5. hardened deep-rooted, inveterate, stubborn / Leave
supporter Brexit supporter / to join to become a member
(here, of the EU) / predecessor former incarnation /
bewitched seduced, in love with / to ape to imitate /
trade commerce / supermarket shelf stand to display
products in a foodstore / rich here, plentiful / display
array, choice, presentation / produce fresh fruit and
vegetables /
SUR LE BOUT DE LA LANGUE
a frill quelque chose de
décoratif
(sur une robe) un volant
(sur une chemise) un jabot
Au sens figuratif, without frills prend
le sens de simple, sans chichis :
no-frills food (§ 3) des plats simples
no-frills airlines des vols "low-cost"
10 • VOCABLE Du 30 mai au 12 juin 2019
I  B2-C1
SUPPLÉMENT VIDÉO
Découvrez l’histoire du traditionnel “full English
breakfast” dans ce reportage vidéo, et testez
votre compréhension sur
www.vocable.fr/videos-anglais
it has often turned into a fight over food. deeper anxieties about Brexit are more cul-
tural than practical. We worry that the
IMPORTATION FROM THE E.U. Britain that opened up to European tastes
6. There are practical concerns about how will start to fade away; that we will revert to
Britain will eat once we leave the European being insular, backward, porridge people.
Single Market. For all of the bluster about our
brave island going it alone, it is difficult to GLOBAL TASTES
ignore the reality: We can’t feed ourselves on 8. One consolation is that our appetites are
our own and everybody — whichever way today more global than European. Our food
they voted — needs to eat. Given that we im- revolution was not just continental. It may
port 30 percent of our food from the European not be fashionable to be wistful about the
Union, it is hardly surprising that on the cusp British Empire but it’s certainly popular to
of Brexit, we are becoming enjoy delicacies from for-
nervous. The prospect of mer colonies, as well as
new global trade deals hasn’t from countries Britain nev-
calmed the discussion: One consolation er even came close to invad-
There have been frenzied is that our ing. If you had to define our
reports of how Britain will
be awash with chlorinated
appetites are national dish, it would be as
accurate to say chicken
chicken from America and today more tikka masala or pad thai as
hormone-soaked beef from global than fish and chips, which, by
Australia. European. the way, is believed to have
been introduced to Britain
7. The government hasn’t in the 19th century by Jew-
helped quash worries that ish refugees.
we will soon return to a regime of canned
food and ration cards. In the case of a “no 9. Nobody is quite sure what Brexit will mean
deal” Brexit, customs confusion will disrupt for our diets. Our taste for world dishes may
the fresh food supply. According to the BBC, help, as we start to forge new trade links and
the sandwich would be one of the first casu- wean ourselves off cheap European goods. But
alties of any supply-chain problems. The a food culture, much like food itself, can per-
anti-European Union side says this is hyper- ish. So will we go back to where we once were
bole, part of an elite campaign to scare voters — the laughingstock of the culinary world
off Brexit. To an extent, that is right: Most — or can we prove the critics wrong? l
people don’t believe that without the Euro-
cooking oil liquid vegetable fat using in cooking /
best-selling most sold / fight struggle, combat. to scare sb off to frighten away from / to an extent to a
6. practical real, actual, pragmatic, here, logistical / certain degree / to go, went, gone hungry to starve / to
concern preoccupation, worry / single market market open up to to welcome, embrace / to fade away to
consisting of a number of nations (here, the European disappear little by little / to revert to go back to / insular
Union) / bluster arrogant talk that has no effect / to go, inward looking / backward here, reactionary / porridge
went, gone it alone to do sth alone / hardly not really / soft thick white breakfast food made of oats boiled in milk
on the cusp of on the verge of / prospect possibility / or water.
global international / trade deal commercial agreement 8. global international / fashionable in vogue, trendy /
/ frenzied frenetic / to be awash with to be invaded by, wistful nostalgic / delicacy food that is rare and
overrun with / chlorinated washed with chlorine /
hormone-soaked full of hormones.
expensive / to come, came, come closer to to be near to,
on the point of / dish plate of food / accurate precise,
7. to quash to suppress, extinguish / canned preserved in exact / Jewish of or from the Jews (people whose
a small metal container / ration card card noting the traditional religion is Judaism).
quantity of food allowed / no-deal Brexit British exit 9. diet food regimen / taste preference, penchant / to
from the European Union without a deal / customs at the forge to create, establish / trade links commercial
level of the government department that collects taxes on relations / to wean oneself off to learn to do without, get
goods brought into a country / to disrupt to perturb, out of the habit of / cheap inexpensive / to perish to
destabilise / food supply stock of food which is available disappear / laughingstock to be the object of ridicule / to
/ casualty victim / hyperbole exaggeration / prove sb wrong to contradict, expose as untrue.
 facile A2-B1 /  moyen B2-C1 /  difficile C1-C2
 I Société I ROYAUME-UNI
Focus
EATING LIKE A BRIT
CLASSIC TAKE-AWAY FOOD
Fish and chips consist of fried fish (mostly cod or
haddock) in batter served with chips. Although the
dish first appeared in the UK in the 1860s – both
Lancashire and London stake a claim to being the
first to invent it – its roots are not British. Fried fish
was introduced into Britain by Jewish refugees from
Portugal and Spain in the 17th century. Fish and
chips portions were originally wrapped in old
newspaper to keep the prices down, a practice that
survived until the 1980s.
take-away here, cooked food from a restaurant that is
ordered online and delivered somewhere else / chips french
fries / fried cooked in hot oil / cod type of sea fish / in batter
coated in a mixture of milk, flour and sometimes eggs / dish
food prepared in a particular way / to stake one’s claim to
assert one’s rights as owner of sth / roots origins / wrapped
here, enveloped in paper / to survive to continue.
(Istock)
EMBLEMATIC BRAND
Marmite is a food
spread made from
yeast extract, a
by-product of
beer. The Marmite
Food Extract
Company was
created in Burton
upon Trent,
Staffordshire, in
1902. Being a rich
source of the
vitamin B
complex, the
spread was a part of the food rations of British
soldiers during World War I, and became very popular
from that period onwards. Currently produced by
British-Dutch company Unilever, it is one of the most
common items confiscated at British airports.
food spread substance to put on toast / yeast type of
fungus used in the making of bread, wine and beer /
extract product derived from a process in concentrated
form / by-product secondary product / from... onwards
from, as of / currently at present / item article.
FAVOURITE VEGETABLE 
In a 2017 survey, broccoli was named the UK’s favourite vegetable,
followed by sweetcorn and tomato. Marketed as a superfood,
broccoli precipitated the fall of cauliflower sales in the early 2000s.
vegetable plant, which is not a fruit, used for food / survey poll, study /
named to elect, choose, here, identify / sweetcorn edible maize / to
market to sell / superfood very nutritious food which is beneficial to
health / to precipitate the fall of sth to herald the decline of /
cauliflower variety of white cabbage.
THE BIG WINNER
The average purchase of pizza rose from
53g
2g per week in 1975 to 53g in 2014.
According to food historian Annie Gray,
pizza “comes out of Italy but it’s
popularised by Americans”. Defra
statisticians have mapped the
growth of pizza against the
popularity of the Teenage Mutant
Ninja Turtles in the 1980s.
winner successful item / average approximate / purchase act of buying sth / food historian
expert in the history of food and eating habits / to come, came, come out to originate from / to map to analyse
/ Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (VF) Tortues Ninja.
3.5
3.5 million people now identify as vegan in the UK. 25% of
evening meals are now meat-free in the country. 20% of
under-35s have tried veganism.
to identify as to declare oneself to be / evening meal dinner /
meat-free without meat.
550%
White fish, such as cod and haddock, is the most
popular fish choice for the British but salmon DRINKS
68g
consumption has increased by 550% since 1974.
According to specialists, the marketing around the
benefits of omega 3 and the decline in price account
for the rise.
white fish fish with white flesh / benefit advantage, good
effect / to account for to explain / rise increase.
In 2014, the average British household bought
68g of tea per week.
average common, ordinary / household home,
domestic.
VOCABLE Du 30 mai au 12 juin 2019 • 11
Société I Incendie de Notre-Dame I
Paris
FRANCE I  B2-C1
SUPPLÉMENT VIDÉO
Découvrez le reportage vidéo sur les réactions des chefs d’État à
travers le monde suite à l’incendie de Notre-Dame, et testez votre
compréhension sur
www.vocable.fr/videos-anglais

Fire on the roof of Notre Dame

Cathedral in Paris, April 15, 2019. (SIPA)

THE ECONOMIST

WHY PEOPLE
CARE ABOUT
ANCIENT
BUILDINGS
Cherishing architectural heritage

On the evening of 15 April, the unthinkable happened… an enormous fire engulfed Notre but also of beauty and history. Familiarity
Dame, ravaging part of the cathedral and completely destroying its roof and iconic spire. breeds affection. A building on whose sunny
The flames rising from this masterpiece of Gothic architecture were witnessed by a steps you have rested, in front of which you
shocked audience worldwide. A journalist from Britain’s The Economist tries to have taken a selfie with your loved one, be-
understand the reaction and response of acts of solidarity concerning this event. comes a warm part of your memories and thus

W
hat is civilisation?” asked Ken-
neth Clark 50 years ago in the
seminal BBC series on the subject. “I don’t
know, and I can’t define it in abstract terms,
yet. But I think I can recognise it when I see
it, and I’m looking at it now.” And he turned
to gesture behind him, at the soaring Gothic
towers and flying buttresses of Notre Dame.
2. It seems inhuman to care more about a build-
ing than about people. That the sight of Notre
Dame going up in flames has attracted so much
1. seminal very important, influential / series serialised
set of TV programmes / to gesture at sth to indicate, to
point to sth / soaring enormous, very tall / flying
buttress arc-boutant.
2. sight vision / to go, went, gone up in flames to burn,
to be destroyed by fire /
more attention than floods in southern Africa
which killed over 1,000 arouses understandable
feelings of guilt. Yet the widespread, intense
grief at the sight of the cathedral’s collapsing
steeple is in fact profoundly human—and in a
particularly 21st-century way.
GLOBAL CULTURE
3.It is not just the economy that is global
today, it is culture too. People wander the
world in search not just of jobs and security
flood inundation, deluge / to arouse to provoke / guilt
culpability / widespread extensive, here, felt by many
people all over the world / grief distress, suffering, sadness
/ collapsing falling / steeple tall pointed tower on the
top of a church.
3. global international, worldwide / to wander to travel /
in search of looking for, on a quest for /
of yourself. That helps explain why China is
in mourning—WeChat, young China’s prin-
cipal means of talking to itself, has been
throbbing with the story, and Xi Jinping, the
country’s president, sent a message of condo-
lence to Emmanuel Macron, his French coun-
terpart—while India was largely indifferent.
Tourism from India to the West is a trickle
compared with the flood from China.
4. This visual age has endowed beauty with
new power, and social media have turned
to breed, bred, bred to create, to produce / step part of
stairs up to or down from a building / to rest to sit on for a
break / loved one person you love / warm tender, happy /
to be in mourning to be in a state of sadness after the
death of sb / to throb to pulsate / counterpart
equivalent / largely mostly, for the most part / the West
North America and Europe / trickle minimal flow of liquid.
4. visual relating to images, pictorial / age era / to
endow to give a quality to /

12 • VOCABLE Du 30 mai au 12 juin 2019  facile A2-B1 /  moyen B2-C1 /  difficile C1-C2
 Améliorez votre prononciation en écoutant tous les articles sur le supplément audio de lecture

NIVEAU BASIQUE DU SUPPLÉMENT SONORE

On the Basic recording, the journalist Frank Browning shares his recently
written words on the fire that ravaged Notre Dame.
CD audio ou téléchargement MP3(sur abonnement)

great works of art into superstars. Only a few, When politics is polarised, a love of culture
though, have achieved this status. Just as has the power to unite. When extremism SUR LE BOUT DE LA LANGUE
there is only ever a handful of world-famous divides Muslim from Christian and religious
actors, so the pantheon of globally recognis- people from atheists, those of all faiths and Quiz
able cultural symbols is tiny: the Mona Lisa, none are mourning together. An edifice built Sachant que to spread veut dire étaler,
Michelangelo’s David, the Taj Mahal, the for the glory of God also represents the répandre, diffuser, devinez le sens des
Great Pyramid—and Notre Dame. Disaster, unity of the human spirit. expressions suivantes :
too, is visual. In the 24 hours widespread grief (§ 2 )
after the fire started videos 7. And it will be rebuilt. The to spread the news
on social media of the burn- morning after the fire, the to spread the costs
ing cathedral were viewed Within 24 many Parisians who went to to spread butter on a piece of bread
nearly a quarter of a billion hours, €600m the cathedral to mourn its
what a lovely spread!
a spreadsheet
times. had been destruction found comfort
instead. Although the spire is
Solutions : une peine partagée dans le
5. Yet the emotions the sight raised from gone, the towers are still
monde entier, faire circuler les nouvelles,
répartir les frais, beurrer une tartine,
aroused were less about the businesses and standing and it seems likely c'est un vrai festin!, un tableau Excel
building itself than about
what losing it might mean.
rich people. that the whole building can
be revived. The effort to re-
Notre Dame is an expression build it, like the fire, will bring funding campaigns started. It will never be
of humanity at its collective people together. Within 24 the same, but that is as it should be. As Victor
best. Nobody could look up into that vaulted hours, €600m had been raised from busi- Hugo wrote in The Hunchback of Notre Dame, a
ceiling without wondering at the cumulative nesses and rich people, and a rash of crowd- three-volume love-letter to the cathedral:
genius of the thousands of anonymous “Great edifices, like great mountains, are the
craftsmen who, over a century and a half, work of centuries. Art is often transformed as
to divide... from to cause factions within a group / none
realised a vision so grand in its structural not of any (faith), here, non-believer. it is being made...Time is the architect, the
ambition and so delicate in its hand-chiselled 7. to rebuild, built, built to reconstruct / to mourn to nation is the builder.” l
detail. Its survival through 850 years of po- grieve, to show one’s sadness (after the death of sb) / to
litical turbulence—through war, revolution find, found, found comfort to find consolation / spire
tall pointed structure on top of a church / to be gone to be crowdfunding campaign internet campaign to fund a
and Nazi occupation—binds the present to destroyed / standing in place / likely probable / to project / The Hunchback of Notre Dame (VF)
the past. revive to bring back to life / rash multitude / Notre-Dame de Paris / builder constructor.

UNITING GRIEF
6. The fire also binds people to each other.
The outpouring of emotion it has brought
forth is proof that, despite the dark forces of
division now abroad, we are all in it together.
When nationalism is a rising threat, shared
sadness makes borders suddenly irrelevant.

to achieve to accomplish, to obtain / status position,

prestige / a handful of a few / Great Pyramid Pyramid
of Egypt begun by Cheops in 2700 BC / burning in flames /
billion = billion thousand million.
5. to arouse to stimulate, to provoke / at its best of the
highest possible standard / to look up into to raise one’s
eyes to / vaulted ceiling arched overhead masonry
SÉJOURS LINGUISTIQUES
IM012100014

structure / to wonder to marvel / cumulative successive

/ genius extraordinary talent / craftsman artisan /
grand magnificent / hand-chiselled sculpted by hand / & VACANCES JEUNES
turbulence agitation / to bind, bound, bound to
connect, to link.
6. to unite to bring together / outpouring surge / to
bring, brought, brought forth to provoke / proof
05 65 77 10 47 destinations
evidence / abroad here, which prevails across the country www.verdiehello.com humaines
/ rising increasing / threat menace, danger, risk /
sadness unhappiness, melancholy / irrelevant
unimportant /

VOCABLE Du 30 mai au 12 juin 2019 • 13

 Retrouvez plus d’infos sur www.vocable.fr
e
Brèves d
société

le chiffre de la quinzaine

(Istock)
It has been revealed that New Zealand’s
department of corrections spent more
than $1 million on slushie machines to
keep prison staff cool during last year’s
heatwave. The 193 machines were
bought as a preventative measure after
a record-breaking 2017/2018 summer.
According to the department, the
purchase was made in order to reduce
staff discomfort and tension that could

(SIPA)
lead to inmate violence, sugary frozen
drinks being more effective at keeping

No more glass and steel staff cool than chilled water. The
spending has been widely criticized by
Opposition National Party leader Simon
New York Mayor Bill de Blasio has announced he is planning to introduce a Bridges and the general public.
bill to ban glass and steel skyscrapers in a bid to cut greenhouse emissions department of corrections prison service /
slushie machine machine providing flavoured
by 30 per cent in the city. Under his proposal — which requires City Council crushed ice drink / to keep, kept, kept sb cool
approval — new skyscrapers would need to be built from more energy-effi- to keep sb refreshed / heatwave period of
cient materials. “If a company wants to build a big skyscraper they can use a extremely hot weather / inmate detainee,
prisoner / sugary with sugar / chilled
lot of glass if they do all the other things needed to reduce the emissions,” refrigerated, kept at a cold temperature /
the mayor said. The bill would also require existing glass buildings to be spending expenditure / widely extensively /
opposition here, the major political party not in
retrofitted to meet stricter carbon-emissions guidelines. power / National Party centre-right political
glass here, window / steel hard metal made of iron and carbon / mayor head of a city government / bill party in New Zealand / general public ordinary
proposed new law / to ban to prohibit / skyscraper very tall modern building, high-rise (US) / in a bid to in order citizens.
to try to (bid attempt) / to cut, cut, cut to reduce / greenhouse gas gas that contributes to a rise in temperature
of the earth’s atmosphere / under in accordance with / proposal proposition, plan, project / energy-efficient
using a minimal amount of energy / to be retrofitted to be modernised / guideline directive.

(Peter MacDiarmid/REX/SIPA)
European holiday
After Brexit was postponed to 31 October, ferry services to Europe reported a ticket sales rise
of more than 50%. Holidaymakers had been warned to be careful if booking a holiday to the
continent, especially by
car and ferry, in the
event of a no-deal
Brexit. The
announcement of the
Bad drivers
delay unleashed a wave A poll of 1,000 people led in the United Kingdom
of summer break showed that bad drivers and rogue cyclists are
bookings, especially on among the aspects of modern life most likely to
the Dover-Calais route. anger British people. Motorists neglecting their
to report to announce, state indicators appear to be the most common
/ rise increase / complaint. Overall, people feel angry or frustrated
holidaymaker tourist / to an average of five times a week.
be warned to put on alert,
here, advise caution / to driver person operating a moving vehicle / poll survey, study
book to reserve / to unleash of public opinion / rogue here, irrepressible / most likely
to set off, release / wave here, which has the most chance of / to anger to make furious
here, movement, sudden / to neglect to forget, ignore / indicator light signaling a left
(Istock)

increase / summer break or right turn / complaint objection, criticism / overall

summer vacation. altogether, in general / times instance, moment.

14 • VOCABLE Du 30 mai au 12 juin 2019

Enjeux I Politique I
THE NEW YORK TIMES MICHAEL M. GRYNBAUM AND SYDNEY EMBER
FOX NEWS, AN
UNUSUAL SPOT FOR
2020 DEMOCRATS
Democratic candidates in the 2020
election are appearing on Fox news to
reach potential voters
In April, Democratic Senator and candidate in the 2020 American
presidential elections, Bernie Sanders, appeared in a Fox News
broadcast. As this channel is well known for its ultra-conservative
politics and support for the current president, the choice of inviting
the senator from Vermont came as a surprise, not least to those in
the Democratic Party itself. However, it may have opened a new
media outlet for other Democratic candidates…
T here is an unlikely new hot spot for
Democratic candidates: Fox News.
President Donald Trump’s favorite network
is increasingly playing host to hopefuls
from the Democratic presidential field, ea-
ger for exposure to the vast Fox News audi-
ence — even as they risk a backlash from
others in the party who view the network
as an ideological menace.  ana, is in advanced talks with the network,
2.The expedition into what many liberals
consider enemy territory picked up in April
after Sen. Bernie Sanders of Vermont ap-
peared at a town hall on the network, draw-
1. unlikely improbable, unexpected / hot spot strategic
place / network here, national television channel /
increasingly more and more / to play host to to
welcome / hopeful here, (potential) candidate / field
here, candidates / eager desirous / exposure media
attention, visibility / audience viewers, public, spectators
/ even as even if, despite the fact that / backlash strong
negative reaction/consequence.
2. to pick up here, to gain in popularity / town hall here,
debate / to draw, drew, drawn here, to attract, result in /
ETATS-UNIS I  B2-C1
U.S. Senator Bernie Sanders takes part in a Fox News town-hall style
event, April 15, 2019 in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. (SIPA)
ing the biggest television audience of any
2020 Democratic candidate — more than 2.5
million people — while pitching himself to
Trump-leaning viewers who may be willing
to cross party lines next year. Two days
later, Sen. Amy Klobuchar of Minnesota said
she had also agreed to a Fox News town hall.
Mayor Pete Buttigieg of South Bend, Indi-
and Julián Castro, the former housing sec-
retary, is close to signing on.  “We are going to talk to voters everywhere,
DILEMMA
3.In some ways, the Democratic debate
about whether to appear on Fox News town
to pitch oneself to to present oneself as a possible
candidate (in order to attract new voters) / -leaning here,
sympathising, favouring / viewer person watching a TV
program, spectator / willing to prepared/ready to / to
cross party lines to change political party / mayor head
of a city government / talks discussions, negotiations /
former ex / housing secretary member of the
president’s cabinet in charge of housing and urban
development / to sign on to agree to participate.
3. way manner / whether if (yes or no) /
halls reflects a larger divide in the party as
it ponders how to retake the White House:
Should Democrats focus on expanding and
mobilizing the various coalitions that make
up their base, or seek inroads with the mil-
lions of Americans who supported Trump
in 2016? 
4. For Buttigieg’s ascendant campaign, the
answer, in a saturated media age, was easy.
and we are going to meet them where they
are,” said Lis Smith, who oversees media
strategy for Buttigieg, who in March be-
came the first 2020 Democratic candidate
to sit for an interview with Chris Wallace >>>
divide division, split / to ponder to consider, think about /
to focus on to concentrate on / to expand to develop,
extend / to make, made, made up to constitute,
represent / to seek, sought, sought to look for, search
for / inroad incursion, here, means of attracting / to
support to favour, here, to vote for.
4. age era / voter elector / to oversee, oversaw,
overseen to supervise, be responsible for, in charge of /
VOCABLE Du 30 mai au 12 juin 2019 • 15
 Enjeux
>>> on Fox News Sunday. “The outdated ap- TRUMP’S REACTION
proach of taking a calculated and risk-
averse approach to the media needs to be
put in the past. Voters are going to reward
fearlessness.”  “pathological liar,” among other epithets.
CRITICS WITHIN THE PARTY
5. Fox News town halls are moderated by
news anchors like Bret
Baier, not the network’s
hard-right commentators.
But the fealty that pundits “Voters are
like Sean Hannity show to
going to
Trump have many estab-
lishment Democrats ap- reward
prehensive. In March, the
D e mo c r at ic Nat ion a l
fearlessness.”
Committee took the unu-
sual step of barring Fox
News from sponsoring
any of its presidential primary debates,
saying its “inappropriate relationship”
with the administration made it unfit to
stage a fair event.  like Klobuchar of Minnesota, a Midwest
6. Critics say that Democrats who go on the
network lend credibility to a platform that
many liberal voters view as xenophobic,
toxic and an incorrigible mouthpiece for the
president. “I understand the short-term in-
centives for Bernie Sanders and Pete Butti-
gieg to appear on Fox News, but putting an
imprimatur of legitimacy on one of the most
destructive forces in American politics has
long-term consequences,” Dan Pfeiffer, a
former senior adviser to President Barack
Obama and a host of liberal podcast “Pod
Save America,” wrote on Twitter in April.  a challenging moderator and a potentially
outdated out of fashion, outmoded, obsolete /
risk-averse afraid of taking a risk, cautious / to reward to
recompense, here, appreciate, vote for / fearlessness
courage, here, audacity.
5. critic detractor, sceptic / within inside, at the heart of /
anchor presenter, person presenting a programme / hard-
right extreme-right / fealty fidelity, allegiance / pundit
commentator / to have, had, had here, to make, /
establishment group of people that hold the most power
and influence / step here, decision / to bar to prohibit / to
make, made, made here, to render (fig.) / unfit improper,
unacceptable / to stage to organise / fair just, equitable.
6. to lend, lent, lent here, to confer / mouthpiece
representative, here, media outlet for / incentive
motivation, interest / imprimatur authoritative approval
/ senior here, principal / adviser aide, counsellor / host
presenter.
16 • VOCABLE Du 30 mai au 12 juin 2019
Une suggestion ? Ecrivez-nous sur monavis@vocable.fr
7. Even Trump seemed mystified to see
Sanders, one of his sharpest critics, granted
Fox News airtime to call the president a
“So weird to watch Crazy Bernie on @
FoxNews,” Trump tweeted, as a loyal view-
er displeased by an unexpected story arc.
“What’s with @FoxNews?”
the president wrote.  and the Trump administration means the
Trump has been com-
8.
plaining about Fox News
for many months. But the
campaign’s strategy is to
depict Democrats as too
extreme for the country,
and it fears that candidates
will seem more presentable
if Fox News introduces
them in a friendly way. Trump and some of
his advisers are also irked that Fox News is
showcasing not just Sanders, but a moderate
state where the Trump campaign is looking
to make headway, according to people fa-
miliar with their thinking.  same night’s broadcast of Rachel Maddow,
ACCESS TO A NEW AUDIENCE
9. Some Democratic strategists pointed out
that an appearance on Fox News grants
access to the top-rated cable news channel
— the network routinely beats its rivals
CNN and MSNBC in overall ratings — along
with the favorable optics of wading into the
lion’s den, essentially signaling to voters
that a candidate is unafraid to engage with
skeptical audience. 
7. mystified puzzled, perplexed / sharp severe, here,
virulent / to grant to give, accord / airtime broadcasting
period / liar a person who does not tell the truth / among
with, as well as / weird strange, odd, bizarre /
unexpected unanticipated, surprising / arc here, change,
transgression / what’s with what is happening with.
8. to complain about to criticise, denounce / to depict
to portray, represent / to fear to worry, be afraid / to irk to
irritate, annoy / to showcase to present / to look to to try
to, here, to count on, rely on / to make, made, made
headway to make progress, here, to gain votes /
according to as stated/reported by / to be familiar with
to be informed about, to know about.
9. to point out to draw attention to a fact, remark /
top-rated with the highest number of viewers, most
popular / routinely regularly / overall general, global,
total / along with as well as / optics perception / to
wade into the lion’s den to go into dangerous territory /
to signal to indicate / to engage with to connect with, to
interact with.
10. Other Democrats argue that the Fox
News audience is unnecessary, pointing to
the excitement surrounding candidates like
former Rep. Beto O’Rourke, whose unapolo-
getically liberal run for the Senate in Texas
last year galvanized voters and donors,
pushing him to within 3 percentage points
of victory. Then there is a broader concern
that the symbiosis between Fox News stars
network will not treat Democrats fairly. 
SANDERS’S HIT
11.Lesser-known candidates like Andrew
Yang, a former tech executive, and Rep.
Tulsi Gabbard of Hawaii have made appear-
ances in shorter segments on the network.
But Sanders is currently a front-runner in
the Democratic race, and his full-blown
town hall represented a bigger leap. Sanders’
audience in April was significantly bigger
than the 1.95 million who watched Harris
on CNN in January, the previous benchmark
for televised town halls. He attracted more
viewers between the ages of 25 and 54, the
key demographic in cable news, than the
who is MSNBC’s top-rated star. l
10. to argue to assert, maintain / unapologetically
without expressing any regret or shame / run campaign,
candidacy / to push here, to propel / within in less than /
broad wide, general / concern preoccupation, worry.
11. executive director, senior employee / segment
sequence/ section of a broadcast / currently at present,
at the moment / front-runner favourite, leading
candidate / full-blown complete / leap advance,
progress / significantly here, much / benchmark point of
reference, indicator / demographic here, age group /
broadcast transmission of a TV programme.
SUR LE BOUT DE LA LANGUE
Comment transformer
la racine d’un mot en
verbe, adjectif, adverbe
ou substantif ?
to hope (verbe) espérer
hopeful (adjectif) plein d'espoir
hopefuls (§ 1) (substantif) des
personnes pleines d'espoir
hopeless (adjectif) sans espoir
hopelessly (adverbe)
désespérément, totalement,
complètement
 facile A2-B1 /  moyen B2-C1 /  difficile C1-C2
 www.vocable.fr

PRATIC’ABLE
Vocabulaire, expressions et astuces pour parler comme un Anglais…

AUGUSTIN HABRAN

Dans un immeuble
Quelques mots et expressions qui pourraient vous être
utiles si vous avez l’intention de louer un duplex au 73e étage
d’un gratte-ciel new-yorkais pour les vacances d’été… ou si
vous souhaitez simplement renforcer vos connaissances
lexicales…

Vocabulaire clé
basement sous-sol garden jardin
bike storage room local à vélos high-class residence immeuble
bin storage area (GB), trash can de standing

(ISTOCK)
area (US) local à poubelles intercom interphone
boiler chaudière joint ownership property
building, tenement (US) copropriété
immeuble leak fuite d’eau Retrouvez cette fiche de vocabulaire lue sur le CD
car park (GB), parking lot (US) level niveau, palier lecture et son commentaire sur la partie basique du
parking CD conversation.
lift (GB), elevator (US)
CD audio ou téléchargement MP3
caretaker, building manager ascenseur
gardien, concierge lobby hall d’entrée
cellar cave
central heating chauffage
paint peinture
penthouse appartement- Expressions à retenir
central terrasse
cleaning ménage pipe tuyau The building is on fire! L’immeuble est en feu !
co-ownership association power failure panne d’électricité Do not smoke in the communal areas. Il est interdit de fumer
syndicat de copropriété restoration ravalement
dans les espaces communs.
communal areas parties roof toit The caretaker’s office is open Monday to Saturday from 9 to 5.
communes Le bureau du gardien est ouvert du lundi au samedi de 9h à 17h.
satellite dish parabole
door porte scaffolding échafaudage
Please keep the communal areas clean! Merci de veiller à laisser
duplex, maisonette duplex les espaces communs propres.
scruffy sale, délabré
emergency exit sortie de Please respect the neighbours and avoid excessive noise after
smoke detector détecteur de
secours 10pm. Merci de respecter les voisins et d’éviter tout tapage après
fumée
entry code, door code digicode 22h.
social housing, council housing
facade façade (GB) logement social, HLM
I live on the third floor, left door. J’habite au troisième étage,
fire alarm alarme incendie porte de gauche.
stairs escaliers
fire extinguisher extincteur I’ll send you the door code by text. Je t’enverrai le code par texto.
terrasse terrasse
floor, storey (GB), story (US) top floor dernier étage
étage
garage garage
water damage dégât des eaux
Testez-vous
Associez chaque mot de la première colonne
Bon à savoir avec un mot de la seconde :
Aux États-Unis, le first floor correspond au rez-de chaussée, pas au premier 1) basement a- alarm
étage. En revanche, ce n’est pas le cas au Royaume-Uni où le rez-de- 2) elevator b- heating
chaussée se dit ground floor. 3) extinguisher c- meeting
Les Américains sont assez superstitieux… vous ne trouverez jamais de 13e 4) scaffolding d- pipe
étage dans leurs immeubles !
De nombreux immeubles aux États-Unis disposent d’espaces communs 5) co-ownership e- garage
pratiques et agréables. Nombreuses sont les résidences un peu huppées où 6) leak f- caretaker
les habitants peuvent bénéficier d’un portier, d’une piscine, d’une salle de 7) boiler g- restoration
sport, etc.
8) cleaning h- breakdown
Dans les grandes villes aux États-Unis, les immeubles sont équipés
d’escaliers métalliques extérieurs en cas d’incendie. Ils font partie intégrante SOLUTIONS : 1-e ; 2-h ; 3-a ; 4-g ; 5-c ; 6-d ; 7-b ; 8-f.
du paysage urbain américain.

VOCABLE Du 30 mai au 12 juin 2019 • 17

PRATIC’ABLE  / Grammaire
En partenariat avec

Should et would
Cette page est extraite de l’ouvrage La grammaire pratique de l'anglais de
Serge Berland-Delépine des Éditions Ophrys. Niveau B2 à C2. Remise de 5 % avec le
code promo VOCPRA sur www.ophrys.fr

Piqûre de rappel
 Should implique que le sujet est soumis à une certaine
1 Quelle est la signification de should et would
contrainte extérieure. Should peut être utilisé pour : dans ces phrases ?
(a) donner des conseils amicaux ou moraux Indiquez-le avec une lettre (a) (b), (c) etc, correspondant
You should always tell the truth. à la piqûre de rappel, puis traduisez la phrase.
(b) exprimer une probabilité
We should be home by ten. 1. I wanted to explain, but she wouldn’t let me.
(c) faire une périphrase à valeur de subjonctif _____________________________________________________
It’s necessary that we should all agree.
2. Our friends would lend us the money if they could.
 Would exprime une volonté, un consentement ou un refus (à _____________________________________________________
la forme négative) dans un contexte passé.
(d) The donkey wouldn’t go any further. 3. You should make an effort to be punctual.
Would peut exprimer : _____________________________________________________
(e) un conditionnel de politesse
4. W
 e ought to have finished by next Monday.
Would you help me with my luggage?
(f) un événement (généralement désagréable) attendu, _____________________________________________________
prévisible, atypique 5. She would tell her story every night at bedtime.
It would rain on the day we chose for the picnic. _____________________________________________________
(g) la répétition fréquente d’une action dans le passé
He would smoke a cigar after lunch.
5. (g) Répétition fréquente. Elle lui racontait une histoire chaque soir à l’heure du coucher.
 Should et would servent à former des périphrases à valeur de 4. (b) Probabilité. Nous devrions avoir terminé d’ici lundi prochain.
conditionnel. 3. (a) Conseil amical. Tu devrais faire un effort pour être ponctuel.

(h) I shouldn’t wait any longer if I were you.

pouvaient.
2. (h) Conditionnel: consentement, condition. Nos amis nous prêteraient l’argent s’ils
I would help if I could. SOLUTIONS : 1. (d) refus. Je voulais m’expliquer, mais elle n’a pas voulu me laisser faire.

2 Traduisez ces phrases dans le contexte
présent.
1. V
 ous devriez me dire ce qui s’est passé. Peut-être pourrais-je
vous aider. ______________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
2. Je voudrais me reposer quelques instants.
_________________________________________________________
3. Croyez-vous qu’ils quitteraient leur pays ?
_________________________________________________________
4. S
 ’il s’arrêtait de fumer il pourrait engraisser.
_________________________________________________________
5. À votre place je ne boirais pas cette eau.
_________________________________________________________
you » n’est pas sous-entendu, on peut dire également « I wouldn’t drink »).
gave up smoking he might get fat. 5. (If I were you) I shouldn’t drink that water (si « if I were
2. I’d like to rest for a few moments. 3. Do you think they would leave their country? 4. If he
SOLUTIONS : 1. You should (= ought to) tell me what happened. I might be able to help you.
3 Traduisez ces phrases dans le contexte
passé.
1. V
 ous auriez dû me dire que vous aviez besoin d’argent, je vous
en aurais prêté. _________________________________________
________________________________________________________
2. Si tu avais travaillé plus tu aurais réussi ton examen.
_______________________________________________________
3. Vous n’auriez pas dû conduire si vite, vous auriez pu avoir un
accident. ______________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
4. J e vous aurais pris en stop si vous me l’aviez demandé.
_______________________________________________________
5. Cela aurait été très désagréable, n’est-ce pas?
_______________________________________________________
you had asked me. 5. That would have been very unpleasant, wouldn’t it?
have driven so fast, you might have had an accident. 4. I would have given you a lift if
some. 2. If you had worked harder you would have passed your exam. 3. You shouldn’t
SOLUTIONS : 1. You should have told me you needed money ; I would have lent you

18 • VOCABLE Du 30 mai au 12 juin 2019

 / Prononciation & Orthographe Retrouvez plus d’infos sur www.vocable.fr

Soignez votre orthographe

Le saviez-vous ?
“We were the laughingstock of the
culinary world”
(page 10 § 9)
On peut écrire laughingstock,
laughing-stock ou laughing stock
objet de ridicule :
he was the laughing stock of the
class 
il était la risée de la classe
he made himself a laughing stock 
il s’est couvert de ridicule
Autrefois, on mettait les malfaiteurs
“in the stocks” (le pilori) pour
qu’entre autres, les passants
puissent se moquer d’eux.
Retrouvez Yves Cotten sur et-compagnie.blogspot.fr

1 Complétez les mots avec “ea” ou “ee” 2 Tendez l'oreille.

Trouvez l’intrus
(a) to do better than someone else  to b _ _ _
(b) to tap out a rhythm on a drum  to b _ _ _   would should cloud hood

(c) a red root vegetable  b_ _ _ _ _ _ _   thread said head clear

(d) used to make sugar  b_ _ _   hear bear fear here
(e) famous pop group of the 1960s  The B _ _ _ _ _ _
  cough rough enough tough
(f) insects with a hard covering on their backs  b _ _ _ _ _ _
  come love dumb down
(g) the noise made by a sheep or a goat  b_ _ _ _
(h) noise made by a transmitter  b_ _ _ _   fast late laugh last

(i) product used to make things whiter  b_ _ _ _ _   toe tow crow plow
(j) to lose the liquid in your veins  b_ _ _ _   sorry hurry worry flurry
h) bleep, (i) bleach, (j) bleed
SOLUTIONS : (a) to beat, (b) to beat, (c) beetroot, (d) beet, (e) The Beatles, (f) beetles, (g) bleat, ( SOLUTIONS : cloud, clear, bear, cough, down, late, plow, sorry

VOCABLE Du 30 mai au 12 juin 2019 • 19

PRATIC’ABLE  / Vocabulaire www.vocable.fr

Jeux de mots
A retenir
1 Complétez la grille à l’aide des définitions.
5 mots à mémoriser
Vous trouverez le vocabulaire nécessaire dans les 2 articles sur l’alimentation
(pages 6 et 9). 1 dans ce numéro
  2
3 4 5    
poachers braconniers
          thieves voleurs
  6        
            theft vol
  7                          
to steal, stole, stolen voler
         
      to thwart contrecarrer
8                 9
10  
1. Grown on the farm and sold at the 11                
greengrocer’s.  
 
 
 
L'expression idiomatique
2. A person who makes goods using flour.
3. A person who sells meat.  

4. Grown in the fields then crushed to

12                   “catching thieves red-handed
 
make flour. is nearly impossible”
 
5. A  pples, pears, cherries, strawberries ... (page 32 § 5)
for example.
6. T  he collective name of things grown on a farm. to be caught red-handed
7. A person who grows things in a natural way, e.g. without adding pesticides. (2 words) être pris en flagrant délit
8. To collect what has been grown.
D’autres expressions avec la
9. The place where 4 across is made into flour.
couleur rouge :
10. A  nother word for 6 across or things made on a farm.
11. A breakfast dish made from oats, very popular in Scotland. to be as red as a beetroot
12. Used to make something to sweeten our food. (2 words) être rouge comme une tomate
9. mill, 10. produce, 11. porridge, 12. sugar beet
SOLUTIONS : 1. vegetable, 2. baker, 3. butcher, 4. wheat, 5. fruit, 6. crops, 7. organic farmer, 8. harvest,
it’s not worth a red cent (US)
ça ne vaut pas un rond
red sky at night, shepherd’s
2 C
 omplétez ces expressions avec des mots désignant delight ciel rouge le soir, signe
différentes parties du corps.
de beau temps
1. We can’t afford it. It costs an ................ and a ................ .
red sky in the morning,
2. You must be joking. You’re pulling my .................... . shepherd’s warning
3. We can make him do. I’ll force his ................ . ciel rouge le matin, signe de
4. You can persuade her to do it. Twist her ................ . mauvais temps
5. He’s always complaining. He’s got a chip on his .................... .
6. You’re taking a big risk. You’re really sticking your .................... out .
7. I want to talk about it; I need to get it off my .................... .
8. I leave you to decide what to do. I don’t want to tread on your .................... . sur www.vocable.fr
Retrouvez beaucoup plus d'exercices de
grammaire, d'orthographe et de culture
générale sur notre site internet !
SOLUTIONS : 1. arm and a leg, 2. leg, 3. hand, 4. arm, 5. shoulder, 6. neck, 7. chest, 8. toes

Ne manquez pas dans le prochain numéro la nouvelle page PRATIC’ABLE : La voiture

20 • VOCABLE Du 30 mai au 12 juin 2019

Enjeux I Économie I
THE ECONOMIST
IMPROVING THE
IMAGE OF
MCDONALD’S
McDonald’s: feeding the
world... and making it a
better place?
McDonald’s can claim to be the world leader in fast-food by feeding 69 million customers daily in over 37,000 restaurants, but
there is one thing the American giant has not been able to do, manage its image. This is despite the efforts of its former
employee, Bob Langert, who recently published a book about his career dedicated to working on the McDonald’s reputation.
The “McLibel case”
It is an English lawsuit for libel filed by
McDonald’s against environmental
activists Helen Steel and David Morris. It
all started in 1986, when the London
Greenpeace group produced a leaflet,
called ‘What's wrong with McDonalds’,
accusing the corporation, among other
things, of encouraging litter, mistreating
workers and destroying rain forests. In
1990, the American corporation served
libel writs on five activists in the group,
demanding that they retract the claims
and apologise, or go to court. Two of the
activists refused to do so, despite having
no legal aid and no money of their own.
The trial lasted nearly ten years, which
made it the longest-running libel case in
English history. The original judgement
ordered the two activists to pay £40,000
damages to the company. But in 2004,
they launched an action against the UK
Government at the European Court of
Human Rights... and won.
case affair, here, trial / lawsuit legal action / libel
defamation / to file here to start (a lawsuit) /
activist militant / leaflet pamphlet, brochure /
corporation large business enterprise / litter
rubbish, papers, cans and bottles left lying around /
to serve a writ on sb to have legal papers given to
sb officially / to retract to withdraw (a statement or
accusation) as untrue or unjustified / legal aid
relating to the law, judicial / trial court case, legal
proceedings, judgement / judgement here, verdict
/ damages amount of money paid to sb in
compensation for harm done / to launch an action
to engage in a law suit, judicial procedure in court.
22 • VOCABLE Du 30 mai au 12 juin 2019
ETATS-UNIS I  B2-C1
E very day McDonald’s serves 69m
customers, more than the population
of Britain or France. The company has what
is estimated to be the most valuable fast-food
brand in the world, cherished as a cheap din-
ing option for families. But do consumers
perceive McDonald’s as a socially or environ-
mentally responsible company?  effects. It was a Herculean task, akin to being
2. If they do not, it is in spite of the best ef-
forts of Bob Langert. In 1988, he took a tem-
1. m = million / valuable precious, here, profitable,
lucrative / brand trademark / to cherish to love /
consumer customer.
2. in spite of regardless of, despite /
SUR LE BOUT DE LA LANGUE
"a Herculean task, akin
to being fashion
consultant" (§ 2)
kin parents, famille
akin to analogue à, de la même
famille
Si sur un formulaire officiel, on vous
demande qui est votre next of kin, il
faut indiquer les nom et prénom de
votre plus proche parent.
The Humane League UK protests
against McDonald’s in London, January
2019. (Penelope Barritt/REX/Shutterstock/SIPA)
porary assignment managing a furore over
polystyrene “clamshells” in which the com-
pany’s burgers were served, and which were
being damned for their contribution to Amer-
ica’s litter problem. That turned into a 25-year
career (he has since left the firm) dealing
with the chain’s various negative external
fashion consultant to Steve Bannon. Apart
from litter, he had to deal with animal wel-
fare, environmental destruction, obesity and
workers’ rights. When he began, the com-
pany’s mascot was being dubbed “Ronald
McToxic” because of the clamshell problem.
But he had more success than outsiders
might think. 
ENVIRONMENTAL ACTIVISTS
3. At times, the fast-food chain did not help
itself. In the 1990s, it sued two Greenpeace
assignment mission / to manage to resolve, to deal with
/ furore loud protest, scandal / clamshell type of
mullusc, here, box which opens and closes / litter rubbish,
trash / to turn into to transform into, to become / to
deal, dealt, dealt with to handle, to find solutions to /
akin similar to / fashion consultant fashion advisor /
welfare here, protection / to dub to call.
3. to help oneself to do oneself a favour / to sue to take
legal action against sb /
 facile A2-B1 /  moyen B2-C1 /  difficile C1-C2
activists for producing leaflets about its
practices. The ensuing “McLibel” trial gave
the claims worldwide publicity and was de-
scribed as the world’s biggest corporate-PR
disaster. Mr Langert tried to reduce the dam-
age. The company consulted panels of inde-
pendent experts and engaged with cam-
paigning groups. On occasion it aimed to
keep one step ahead of the activists—McDon-
ald’s took action even when there was little
sign of public concern. Shaving one inch off
the napkins saved 3m lbs of paper annually,
for example, but few consumers noticed.  creased, offsetting the extra costs. Mr
4. Environmentalists did attack the firm for
its impact on the Amazon rainforest, saying
trees were being cut down to make room
for cattle pasture or the expansion of soy
farming for cattle feed. In 1989 the company
announced that it “never has and never will
buy beef from recently deforested rainfor-
ests” and it has also worked to limit the
expansion of soy farming in the region. The
rise of veganism amid doubts about the
health effects of eating meat have given
McDonald’s new worries.  of “trans fats” to cook the restaurant’s
THE BATTLE WITH SUPPLIERS
5. Accomplishing change is not just a matter
of the company snapping its fingers. Most
McDonald’s restaurants are operated by
franchisees and its goods are bought from
a wide range of suppliers, so three or four
layers may separate the McDonald’s head
office and the cattle-rancher who supplies
the firm’s beef.  burger in the first place. But Mr Langert did
leaflet pamphlet, brochure / ensuing resulting,
subsequent / trial legal proceedings / claim declaration,
affirmation / worldwide global, international / corporate
large company / PR = Public Relations / damage (inv.)
harm, destruction, here, negative impact / to engage
with to communicate, to interact / to campaign to
conduct a militant campaign, to fight for a cause / to aim
to have as an objective / to keep, kept, kept one step
ahead of to be slightly in advance of / concern
preoccupation, worry / to shave to cut / inch = 2.54 cm /
napkin paper serviette / to save to economise / lb
(pound) lb = pound (453.6 grams) / to notice to observe,
to pay attention.
4. environmentalist ecologist / rainforest tropical
forest / to make, made, made room for to create space
for / cattle bovine mammals (cows and bulls) / pasture
grassy land for animals to feed / soy soya bean / farming
agriculture, cultivation / rise increase / amid here, in a
context of / health physical well-being, here, nutritional.
5. supplier distributer, producer / matter question / to
snap to click one’s fingers, here, to make a sudden decision
and expect it to be done immediately / to operate to run,
to manage / goods products / wide large / range variety
/ layer stratum, level / head office main office / rancher
farmer.
6. In the late 1990s, after complaints from
campaign groups about the living conditions
of hens, Mr Langert visited an egg facility to
find that conditions were indeed terrible. In
August 2000 the firm said it would buy eggs
only from suppliers that gave hens 72 square
inches of space, compared with an industry
average of 48 square inches. Suppliers re-
sisted so strongly that McDonald’s had to
find new sources for its eggs. But those who
complied found that the mortality rates of Voyagez et apprenez
hens decreased and egg-laying rates in-
le monde avec CLC !
Langert found it took a long time to get
agreement within the company on a particu-
lar subject and then to persuade suppliers to
comply. But once he reached that stage, he
had enormous clout. 
EMPLOYEES
7. Human working conditions also caused
the company trouble. One day Mr Langert
got a call from a Catholic bishop who was
concerned about the low wages paid to
tomato-pickers. Another issue was the use
fries, which were deemed to increase the
risk of heart disease; it took six years for
the chain to phase out the practice. But the
company has also added more salads and
healthy options. 
8. Was all the effort worth it? It seems likely
that many of the people who care a lot about
these issues would never eat a fast-food
more than most to reduce environmental
waste and animal cruelty.  l
6 mois d’abonnement
6. late end (of the...) / hen chicken / egg facility egg Vocable offerts pour
farm / to find, found, found to discover / indeed
without a doubt / square measurement for a surface area les 50 premiers inscrits
/ average norm / to comply to conform to/respect rules avec le code CVOC !
and regulations / rate proportion, percentage / to
decrease to reduce, to go down / egg-laying egg-
production / to increase to go up / to offset, set, set to
compensate for / agreement accord / within inside / to 05 65 77 50 21
reach to arrive at / stage phase, step / clout influence,
power. www.clc.fr
7. trouble difficulties, problems / bishop senior
clergyman in charge of a diocese / wage salary / picker
person who collects fruit/vegetables on a farm / issue
problem / trans fat trans fatty acid / to deem to consider
/ disease illness / to phase out to progressively stop.
8. to be worth it to be useful and beneficial despite all
the efforts / likely probable / to care to be concerned/
interested in / in the first place to begin with / waste
unwanted matter, rubbish, trash.
VOCABLE Du 30 mai au 12 juin 2019 • 23
 Culture Améliorez votre prononciation en écoutant tous les articles sur le supplément audio de lecture.

>>> Temple Missionary Baptist Church, describing garded to be the Queen of Soul. As other singers blessing. “I love the film itself,” she once explained
the experience vividly despite the intervening such as Barbra Streisand had found success in to the Detroit Free Press. “It’s just that — well,
four decades. “When it was time for her to come the movies, Franklin’s camp thought she might legally, I really should just not talk about it, be-
in [and rehearse with them], Rev. Cleveland was do the same, and Pollack, coming off his Oscar cause there are problems.” Whatever they ulti-
at the piano and she starts singing like, what? nomination as best director for They Shoot mately were, those problems have been resolved. 
We couldn’t believe it. Just to be a participant in Horses, Don’t They was hired to film the project. 
the presence of her.”  RESONANCE
6. The performances were events in themselves, 8. Special engagements are planned in locations
DECADES-LONG DELAY within the African American community and chosen for their resonance with Franklin’s ca-
4. Yet several decades went by when Washing- beyond. Jagger and Watts dropped in because reer, both as a singer and a civil rights activist.
ton and the choir’s other members thought the they were in Los Angeles. But Pollack and his But those may have a hard time matching the
film might never see the light crew neglected to slate the resonance as the event at the New Temple Mis-
of day. The tale of the decades- scenes so the video could later sionary Baptist Church in L.A. “I listened to that
long delay in finishing the “I think that be synchronized with the au- [‘Amazing Grace’] song every Sunday and still
movie, directed by Academy gospel music was dio. Consequently, thousands listen to it regularly as a part of my meditation,”
Award then-nominee Sydney then and is, in of feet of film sat in boxes for said Los Angeles County Supervisor Mark
Pollack, has been well chron- decades. Until Elliott came Ridley-Thomas. He is supporting the film
icled, as has its star’s historical
many ways now, along. He’d been an executive screenings as well as efforts underway to help
reluctance to allow it into the the soundtrack at Atlantic Records, Franklin’s get the state to grant the church historic status
public eye. But since Frank- for many label during her prime in the and to get the Southern California Community
lin’s death last August at age people’s lives.” 1960s and well into the ’70s, Choir a star on Hollywood’s Walk of Fame. 
76, her family and estate have and had long been a fan of the
given their blessing to the Amazing Grace album, which 9. “I think that gospel music was then and is, in
efforts of music industry veteran Alan Elliott, reached No. 7 on the Billboard 200 national al- many ways now, the soundtrack for many peo-
who bought the rights to the film more than a bum sales chart and No. 1 on the R&B and gospel ple’s lives,” Ridley-Thomas said. “At that time it
decade ago and has been working tirelessly ever charts. It’s widely reputed to be the biggest- was the soundtrack for the civil rights movement,
since to share it with the world. Following Sun- selling gospel album of all time.  and Aretha’s connection with the civil rights
day’s invitation-only screening and several movement is well documented. … All this brings
other premieres in various cities that held special 7. When he discovered that not only had those a certain kind of coherence to the narrative. That’s
meaning to Franklin, Amazing Grace will break performances been filmed, but that they were why we are doing what we’re doing.” l
out in 1,000 theaters across the nation over shot by Pollack, he flipped. He talked to Atlantic
Easter weekend.  co-owner and Franklin’s regular producer, Jerry
ultimately in the end, finally.
Wexler, about completing it. He mortgaged his
8. engagement here, event / location area, place / civil
EVENTFUL STORY house and in 2007 and purchased the rights to rights here, ref to the movement against segregation and
5. The idea of shooting a film as Franklin made the unedited film stock. A combination of tech- for civil rights in the U.S. (1954-1968) / to match to equal,
a gospel album was intended to elevate her career nology that wasn’t available in 1972 and Elliott’s rival / to support to back, approve / underway in
progress / to grant to accord, allow, agree to give.
to a new plane. She’d charted 11 No. 1 R&B hits hiring of a lip-reader allowed him and a team of
9. soundtrack accompanying music / narrative here,
in the previous five years and was widely re- film technicians to create a coherent version of story, plot.
the film. But even after seven years of work —
Pollack died in 2008 — he encountered another
vividly clearly and precisely / decade period of ten years.
roadblock: Franklin herself. It’s never been en-
4. delay postponement, deferral / to go, went, gone by
to pass / tale story, account / to direct to make (a film) / tirely clear why she resisted giving the film her
Academy Awards = Oscars / then at the time (he went SUR LE BOUT DE LA LANGUE
on to win two Oscars in 1986 for Out of Africa) / to
chronicle to relate, recount / reluctance reticence,
refusal / to allow to permit, authorise (here, to be seen by
camp team / to come, came, come off to succeed, be a "Aretha Franklin
success; here, to profit from, ride the wave of / They Shoot
the public) / estate here, successors, inheritors / blessing
Horses, Don’t They (VF) On achève bien les chevaux. appeared at a modest
benediction, here, approval / effort initiative / tirelessly
with never-ending energy / ever since since then / to 6. performance here, concert / beyond outside of that Baptist church" (§ 1)
share to make public / screening film projection / to community, in the general public as well / to drop in to Les différentes traductions de
hold, held, held to have / to break, broke, broken out pass by, come by / crew team (of technicians) working on "appear" :
here, to come out in, be shown in / theater (US) = a film / to slate here, to identify each ‘take’ or scene with
theatre (GB) cinema / Easter Christian festival an information board that ‘claps’ together to announce the to appear on stage jouer sur scène
commemorating the resurrection of Christ. start and end / foot (pl. feet) = 30.48cm / film celluloid to appear on TV passer à la
strips on which the film is recorded / to sit, sat, sat to télévision
5. eventful full of incidents / to shoot, shot, shot to
remain / executive director, senior employee / prime best
film, to make (a film) / to be intended to to have the a ghost appeared un fantôme est
years / Billboard 200 American classification of the 200
objective of / plane here, level / She’d charted 11 No. 1 apparu
most popular albums.
R&B hits... she was number one in the charts eleven times
(Rhythm and Blues category) / previous past, preceding / 7. to flip (fam) here, to go crazy, get very excited / owner it appears to be missing il semble
widely generally / to regard to consider / proprietor, director / regular habitual / to complete to être perdu
finish / to mortgage to use as security to a creditor to obtain
a bank loan / to purchase to buy, acquire / unedited in its
to appear in court comparaître
original state, not cut or changed for publication / film stock devant un tribunal
celluloid / roadblock here, obstacle /

26 • VOCABLE Du 30 mai au 12 juin 2019  facile A2-B1 /  moyen B2-C1 /  difficile C1-C2
Culture I Cinéma I
THE GUARDIAN ALEXANDRA PECHMAN
CHLOË GRACE
MORETZ: ‘I
WISH I WAS
BORN A BIT
EARLIER’
Moretz's millennial fairytale
At the age of twenty-two, American actress, Chloë Grace
Moretz, has everything. The former child star of Hollywood
blockbusters such as Kick-Ass and Hugo, is now playing
alongside Isabelle Huppert in Neil Jordan’s tense thriller, Greta
(in cinema from 12 June). Interview.
C
hloë Grace Moretz could make almost
anyone she met feel old. She pitches up
for our 10.30am coffee date fresh from breakfast
yoga: bright eyed and eager, with newly pierced
ear cartilage. At 22, with about 60 films and TV
shows under her belt, Moretz still has the face of
a child star, which is to say she is a star who looks
like a child, with golden hair and cartoon-size
features seemingly forever on the verge of a pout.
2. Alongside the Fanning sisters, Moretz is one
of cinema’s best modern actors whose career
began when they were barely school-age. Her
professional life started at six; her breakthrough
came at 12, with shockingly polished leads in
Kick-Ass and Hugo. Neil Jordan, the director of
her latest movie, Greta, says: “At the age when
1. to pitch up to arrive / bright-eyed fresh, full of energy /
eager enthusiastic / newly recently / under one’s belt
successfully completed / cartoon-sized perfectly
exaggerated like a cartoon drawing / features part of a
person’s face (eyes, nose, mouth etc.) / seemingly seem,
appear to be / forever always / on the verge of about to,
on the point of / pout facial expression with one’s lips in a
sexy gesture.
2. barely only just / breakthrough here, first success /
shockingly surprisingly / polished accomplished, skilled /
lead principal role / Hugo (VF) Hugo Cabret / director
person in charge of making a film /
28 • VOCABLE Du 30 mai au 12 juin 2019
ETATS-UNIS I  C2
Chloë Grace Moretz as Frances and Isabelle Huppert as Greta in Neil Jordan’s Greta.
(Metropolitan Filmexport)
children shouldn’t even act, she was kind of
extraordinary.”
THROWBACK TO THE 90s
3. Her new film is a throwback. A breakneck
psycho-thriller co-starring Isabelle Huppert in
full bunny-boiler mode, Greta is a deranged nod
to “90s thrillers – like Basic Instinct, Fatal At-
traction – those fun ones you grew up with”.
There is a pause. Presumably she means me,
specifically? “Well, yeah. Being the youngest
child in the family, I grew up with everyone
else’s cool stuff that they already found.” She
thinks being born in 1997 is “depressing. I wish
I was born a bit earlier.”
4. You would be forgiven for thinking she was,
not only for her formidable back catalogue, but
kind of quite.
3. throwback return to the past / breakneck fast-paced
/ to co-star to also have in a principal role / bunny-boiler
bunny = rabbit, here, obsessively vengeful (ref. to the 1987
film Fatal Attraction - (VF) Liaison fatale - where the female
character terrorizes her ex-lover by boiling his family’s pet
rabbit) / nod here, reference / presumably it would seem.
4. to forgive, gave, given to pardon, to excuse /
formidable here, impressive / back catalogue
repertoire /
for the spooky maturity that is her stock-in-trade.
Desiree Akhavan, who directed her in 2018’s The
Miseducation of Cameron Post, says: “Chloë is
incredibly ambitious, focused and driven and I
have no doubt she’ll be producing her own
content soon. She’s a smart businesswoman who
has clocked more hours on set than any of her
contemporaries and it’s clear she gleaned a lot
from growing up on shoots.”
AN AVERAGE TWENTYSOME-
THING
5. Greta is Moretz’s first film playing not a girl,
or a teenager, or a vampire, or a superhero, or
even an actor, but an average twentysomething.
This is also the first time she has been an average
twentysomething: Moretz hasn’t been on set
since Greta wrapped at the end of 2017. “I’ve just
been soaking up life in LA,” she says. “Having a
normal kind of pace of life and not having any
kind of restrictions on what I should be doing.”
spooky strange, disconcerting / stock-in-trade typical
characteristics / The Miseducation of Cameron Post
(VF) Come As You Are / focused concentrated, resolute /
driven motivated, determined / to clock to accumulate
working hours / set studio, place where a film is made / to
glean to learn / shoot filming session.
5. average ordinary, normal / twentysomething person
between 20 and 29 years old / to wrap to finish (here,
filming) / to soak up to absorb, here, to enjoy an
experience / LA = Los Angeles / pace rhythm, speed.
 facile A2-B1 /  moyen B2-C1 /  difficile C1-C2

6. Greta is a millennial fairytale. Moretz’s ingé-
nue has a castle in the form of a loft apartment
in Tribeca, New York. Huppert is the horrific
titular witch, who stalks Moretz after the young-
er woman finds and returns Greta’s handbag.
Some of the film feels dated – Moretz’s apart-
ment has a landline, so Greta can easily harass
her. But the plot twists feel quintessentially of
the moment, as Moretz becomes increasingly
haunted and jaded as institutions fail her. She
contacts the police several times, only to be
caught in tangled bureaucracy or have her con-
cerns invalidated. A male private eye proves no
match for Greta’s wiles. Without spoiling the
ending, in today’s world, Jordan seems to sug-
gest, young women have to save themselves.
6. millennial of the millenium, here, of Generation Y
(generation born between 1980 and 2000) / fairytale
magical story for children / horrific terrifying / titular
eponymous / witch woman with magical powers / to
stalk to follow, to pursue / to return to give back / dated
old-fashioned / to harass to repeatedly trouble and
annoy sb / plot story of a film/book / quintessentially
typically, essentially / of the moment topical, in the spirit
of the times / haunted troubled by the past / jaded
disenchanted, uninterested / to fail sb to not help sb /
tangled bureaucracy administrative complexities /
concern worry, anxiety / to invalidate to not take
seriously / wile ruse, strategy to deceive / to spoil,
spoiled or spoilt, spoiled or spoilt to ruin (by revealing
information).
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UPBRINGING
7. In the film, Moretz’s mother has died and she
has a strained relationship with her father. In
real life, Moretz and her father have been es-
tranged since he left the family when she was
12. Moretz was mostly raised by her mother,
Teri, with whom she lives in LA, along with two
of her four brothers; Trevor is her acting coach
and Brandon is her business manager. There are
plans to work on a short film with Colin, the
youngest.
8. The family hails from Georgia, where Moretz
describes a Southern Baptist childhood full of
church obligations and Bible verses before bed.
Her father, a successful plastic surgeon, was heir
to Moretz Mills, a North Carolina hosiery com-
pany. She began acting aged six, after Trevor
was accepted to drama school in New York.
Moretz soon moved from reading lines to star-
ring in films. What has defined her career is
perhaps the choice to steer clear of characters
whose main ambition is to be adored. At every
turn, she is less likable than you would expect.
On 30 Rock, she nailed the conniving child pit-
ted against Alec Baldwin for control of a media
empire. Her sorority girl in Bad Neighbours 2
was little less than a nightmare.
UPCOMING MOVIES
9. Then, in 2016, Moretz stopped abruptly. Plans
to star in a live-action version of The Little Mer-
maid were abandoned. Instead, a hiatus for reas-
sessment was announced. “It was one of the
most nerve-racking things I’ve done, because,
7. upbringing childhood / strained tense / estranged
separated, distanced / acting coach drama coach /
business manager agent / short film film of less than
40 minutes.
8. to hail from to come from / childhood period of one’s
life as a child / plastic surgeon doctor who performs
operations / heir person who receives another person’s
property when they die / hosiery company legwear
(socks, stockings) / aged at the age of / drama school
school of dramatic arts / to read, read, read lines to say /
to star to appear / to define here, to determine / to steer
clear of to keep away from, to avoid / at every turn
always, on every occasion / to nail here, to play perfectly /
conniving manipulative / to pit against to oppose
against / Bad Neighbours 2 (VF) Nos pires voisins 2.
9. upcoming coming soon / live-action cinematography
which uses real people and does not use animation or
images used by a computer / The Little Mermaid (VF) La
petite sirène / hiatus interruption, break / reassessment
revaluation, act of thinking about sth / nerve-racking
stressful, troubling /
of course, there’s that thing in the back of your
head: what if you don’t get that opportunity
again? What if you don’t have a career?”
10. She did – and was much revivified by press-
ing pause. Of the scant films shot since, one (The
Miseducation of Cameron Post) was an ac-
claimed, envelope-pushing drama in which she
played a gay schoolgirl sent for conversion
therapy and two (Greta and Luca Guadagnino’s
Suspiria remake) were shot in Europe, where,
she says, she is afforded more “freedom to build
a character”. She has signed on for Guadagnino’s
upcoming Bob Dylan movie, Blood on the Tracks,
as well as the Spanish director Kiké Maíllo’s Love
is a Gun, a take on the tale of Bonnie and Clyde.
Next in the diary is Shadow in the Cloud, a
drama in which she plays a Second World War
fighter pilot, directed by Roseanne Liang. l
in the back of one’s head constantly present in one’s
mind but not actively thought about.
10. to be revivified to be invigorated, here, to give new
energy to one’s career / to press to push firmly on a button
/ scant few / to shoot, shot, shot to film / acclaimed
celebrated, praised by the critics / envelope-pushing
which tests the limits of a genre with new radical ideas / to
be afforded to be offered / character personality of a
fictional person / tale story / fighter pilot military pilot.
SUR LE BOUT DE LA LANGUE
Notez l'américanisme :
‘I wish I was born a bit
earlier’ (§ 3)
(to be born naître)
En anglais britannique on dit : 'I wish
I had been born a bit earlier'
Notez également que lorsque l'on
parle de quelque chose dans le
présent, pour être
grammaticalement correct, on
devrait dire :
'I wish I were able to help you'.
Mais de nos jours on entend
fréquemment :
'I wish I was able to help you'.
VOCABLE Du 30 mai au 12 juin 2019 • 29
 Échos
Brèves de culture
Retrouvez plus d’infos sur www.vocable.fr

(SIPA)
Banksy’s climate
artwork
In London, a street mural believed to have
been created by Banksy appeared at
Marble Arch in May. The graffiti artwork,
which showed up overnight, shows a young
child holding the Extinction Rebellion
emblem, alongside the words: “From this
moment despair ends and tactics begin.”
Climate activists from the Extinction

(oheuropa.com)
Rebellion occupied Marble Arch, along with
several other London sites, for a couple of
weeks in April.
artwork work of art / mural painting on a wall /
Marble Arch monument constructed in marble in

731 love songs for Europe

1828 / to show, showed, showed or shown up to
appear / overnight during the night / to hold, held,
held here, to hold in (his/her hand) / alongside next
to / despair complete absence of hope / activist
In 2018, Gemma Paintin and James Stenhouse, two artists from Bristol, travelled militant / along with as well as.
around Europe in their old motorhome to record love songs from 33 countries.
They recorded a total of 731 songs in 46 languages, mostly sung by random stran-
gers. The 20-hour performance that was born from this project called “Oh Eu-
ropa” premiered at the Transform festival in Leeds in April and will be touring to
numerous European cities including London, Rennes, Mons and Zagreb, in the
next few months. Thanks to a network of 42 beacons across Europe, a 24/7 broad-
cast of the performance is also available via an app.

(Snap Stills/Rex Features/SIPA)

to travel around to voyage, take a trip, here, to go from place to place / motorhome camper van / to record to
preserve sth digitally / mostly principally, for the most part / random here, met by chance / stranger unknown person
/ performance musical concert / to premiere to present for the first time / to tour to do concerts around a country or
countries / beacon here, radio transmitter / broadcast transmission of a program, TV, radio etc.

Clockwork Orange sequel

A lost sequel to Anthony Burgess’s famous 1962
novel A Clockwork Orange has been found. The
unfinished manuscript, titled The Clockwork
Condition, was written by Burgess between
1972 and 1973 and is described by the author
himself as a “major philosophical statement
on the contemporary human condition.” It
was recently discovered by the director of the
(Moviestore/REX Shutterstock/SIPA)
Wallpaper collection
To celebrate Wes Anderson’s fiftieth
birthday last month, British company
MuralsWallpaper has launched a collection
inspired by the iconic American director. The
“Anderson Aesthetic collection” consists
of wallpapers that are inspired by the set
designs of his movies. While the ‘Suzy’

Burgess Foundation in Manchester, where
Burgess’s archive was moved after his death.
Burgess appears to have abandoned it among
papers in his house near Rome in the 1970s.
Clockwork Orange (VF) Orange mécanique / sequel
follow-up, second part / novel book, work of fiction
/ unfinished incomplete / titled having the title of /
statement declaration / director filmmaker / moved
here, transferred.
design and its symmetrical butterflies are
a nod to Moonrise Kingdom, ‘Agatha’ gives
the effect of art-deco wood panelling that
is reminiscent of The Grand Budapest Hotel.
iconic emblematic, famous / set design design of
scenery / design motif, concept, creation / a nod
to allusion/reference to / wood panelling style of
decoration for walls in oak or other polished wood / to
be reminiscent of to be evocative of/similar to.

30 • VOCABLE Du 30 mai au 12 juin 2019

 Découverte
>>> ground trade that’s difficult to police. Moreover, say that data represents only a tiny fraction of law enforcement can scan cacti at commercial
experts say, such trends risk destroying sensi-
tive species forever.  started we rarely investigated cactus theft,” said
3. In Saguaro, the situation became so grave it
prompted a bold solution. In a scheme that
made headlines, park workers began inserting
microchips the size of pencil tips into cactus
trunks, which could be scanned with an elec-
tronic reader. While the effort has so far prov-
en effective in thwarting thieves, it has been a
rare bright spot in a problem that remains
pervasive yet intractable.  cactus cartels, a seemingly more benign form owner, believes the best way to thwart illegal
THE SCALE OF THE PROBLEM
4. In the last decade, cacti have exploded in
popularity, becoming a mainstay of hipster decor
around the world – from the homes of China’s
growing middle class and the meticulous cactus
gardens in Japan to the fashionable cafes of
Europe. But rising demand has met a thorny
problem: cacti are extremely slow-growing, with
some species taking decades to grow from seed
to full maturity. Hence, many opt for the short-
cut: pulling them right out of the ground.  plants and they share GPS
5. For land managers and scientists who work
with cacti, the problem appears to be on the rise.
While the precise scale is difficult to measure,
and catching thieves red-handed in remote de-
serts is nearly impossible, major busts offer clues.
In 2014, more than 2,600 stolen cacti were seized
at US borders – up from 411 just a year before.
But law enforcement officials and field scientists
underground clandestine / trade commerce, trafficking / to
police to control and ensure that laws are respected by a
police force / moreover furthermore, what’s more / such this
kind of... / trend tendency, here, practice / sensitive fragile.
3. grave serious / to prompt to lead to, to result in / bold
audacious / scheme programme, project / to make, made,
made headlines to attract a lot of media attention /
microchip small electronic circuit / tip nib, point / trunk
main stem of a tree / effort initiative / so far up until now / to
prove to turn out to be / effective efficient / to thwart to
prevent / thief person who steals / bright spot positive
point / to remain to continue to be / pervasive extensive /
yet here, even / intractable difficult to control/resolve.
4. scale dimension, size, proportion / decade period of ten
years / mainstay pillar, here, fundamental part / hipster
young trendy urban bohemian / around throughout,
everywhere in / middle class bourgeoisie / thorny prickly
(covered in barbs, like a cactus) and also difficult, controversial
/ seed grain / hence and so, for this reason / shortcut
alternative and more rapid method / to pull out of to take
from, to extract / right directly.
5. on the rise increasing in number / while although, even if /
red-handed in the act of committing a crime / remote far,
isolated, distant / nearly almost, practically / bust search by
the police / to offer to provide / clue indication / border
frontier, boundary between two countries / up from an
increase of / law enforcement officials here, the police /
field studying in the place where data is collected (and not in
the laboratory) /
32 • VOCABLE Du 30 mai au 12 juin 2019
Téléchargez l’appli Vocable offerte à nos abonnés ! www.vocable.fr/applimobile
cactus actually being stolen. “When I first nurseries in search of missing plants. “We are
now able to tie a stolen plant directly back to a
one US Fish and Wildlife Service detective, who hole,” said O’Neil. Since the chips have been in-
asked not to be named due to the undercover stalled and the program widely publicized, there
nature of his work. He has covered the south- have been no known cases of saguaro theft in
west region for more than a decade and says the the park. “It is a very effective deterrent,” said
problem is increasing. “Now we are prosecuting O’Neil. “We want people to be aware that if you
cases involving thousands of plants at a time.”  steal a cactus from us, we will find you.”
INTERNATIONAL VISITORS TAKING THE SLOW ROAD
6. While many plants fall victim to underground 9. Gene Joseph, a longtime Tucson nursery
of theft has become part of the problem, too. trade is simply doing the slow, steady work of
International visitors who raising new cacti from
come to the south-west spe- scratch. Joseph’s greenhouse
cifically to view rare cactus in
the wild sometimes take a
“We want people issmallest home to some of the rarest,
and slowest-growing
souvenir home, and social to be aware that species. “When nurseries are
media is exacerbating the if you steal a producing rare plants from
problem. “We’ve had Austri- seed, the pressure to steal
an, German and Italian col-
cactus from us, from the wild goes down,” he
lectors express strong interest we will find you.” explained. 
on social media for these
10. Joseph said it often takes
coordinates,” said Wendell up to two decades for a cactus
“Woody” Minnich, the former president of the to reach the commercially viable “specimen”
Cactus and Succulent Society of America. “Some size – he currently sells living rock cactus
of these people come to steal, especially when a grown in his nursery for 15 years. That’s about
new species is identified. They hide the plants as long as it takes to raise a child, so understand-
in their suitcase and take them back to their ably, he gets attached. “Sometimes it is hard to
greenhouse in Europe.”  let go, but I can’t keep them forever,” he said. l
MICROCHIPS 8. nursery place where young trees and plants are grown
7. Back at Saguaro national park, the Guardian / to tie (back) to to link / widely extensively / deterrent
joined park staff to see the chipping scheme in means of dissuasion / aware conscious, informed.
action. While O’Neil carried a sidearm, park 9. longtime for a long time / owner proprietor / way
biologist Don Swann packed a yellow chip inser- means / steady regular, constant / to raise to grow /
from scratch here, from a seed / to be home to to be the
tion device resembling a staple gun. With a tiny place where sth lives and grows / pressure demand.
chip loaded in the barrel, he held the gun flush 10. currently at the moment / rock (garden) rockery /
to a saguaro trunk. Once inserted, the chip was about approximately / to get attached to feel affection
nearly invisible, leaving only a tiny hole that / to let, let, let go to say good-bye.
would eventually scab over. 
8. Approximately 700 saguaros have been mi-
crochipped since the program began, meaning SUR LE BOUT DE LA LANGUE
data information / undercover engaged in a clandestine/
secret police operation / to cover to travel across / to Parlez-vous anglais ou
prosecute to bring a criminal charge against sb in a court latin ?
of law / case legal proceeding.
Le pluriel de certains mots en anglais
6. to fall, fell, fallen victim to to be the victim of / est influencé par leur racine latine :
seemingly apparently / Austrian from Austria /
succulent type of plant adapted to arid conditions / cactus  cacti (§ 2) ou cactuses
greenhouse glass structure for the cultivation of plants.
datum  data
7. sidearm handgun worn on the body to permit immediate alumnus (m)  alumni
access and use / to pack to put into a bag / device piece of
equipment / staple gun object which fixes a small 3-sided alumna (f)  alumnae
piece of metal into a surface / to load to put / (gun) barrel Mais ce n'est pas toujours la règle :
cylindrical part of a gun through which a bullet goes / flush to
aligned with, next to / nearly almost / to scab over to form a scenario  scenarios
hard covering (scab crust formed over a healing wound).
 facile A2-B1 /  moyen B2-C1 /  difficile C1-C2
Découverte I Technologie I
LOS ANGELES TIMES LEILA MILLER
FLYING CARS
AND CLIMATE
CHANGE
The ecological impact
of flying cars
A vehicle that can take off and land vertically – or
“flying car” – is a growing item of interest for the
automobile industry, whether for start-ups or big
brands like Toyota. Could these futuristic vehicles
be beneficial from an ecological perspective?
H ave you ever been stuck in traffic and
wished you could zoom above the
gridlock in a flying car? A new study, published
in the journal Nature Communications, predicts
these futuristic vehicles could be good for your
commute and good for the environment. “We did
not imagine that flying cars would have any role
in a sustainable mobility system,” said study
leader Akshat Kasliwal, a graduate student at the
University of Michigan’s Center for Sustainable
Systems. “We were surprised to see that they do.”  portation system will be a big part of that. Trans-
2. These flying cars — known officially as vertical
takeoff and landing aircraft, or VTOLs — won’t
be getting off the ground regularly for a few more
years, at least. But engineers already have a pret-
ty good idea of how they would operate. Gener-
ally speaking, they would begin their flights by
rising straight into the air like a helicopter, then
climb to at least 1,000 feet. Once they reach cruis-
ing altitude, they are capable of flying about 150
miles per hour. When it’s time to land, the final
1. to be stuck to be blocked / to zoom above to fly at top
speed over / gridlock traffic jam / commute journey to
and from work / sustainable ecological / graduate
student student working on a Master’s degree or PhD.
2. takeoff departure from the land into the air / landing
arrival from the air onto land / aircraft (inv.) aeroplane
/ to get, got, got off the ground to leave the ground,
also, to get a project started / engineer person who uses
scientific knowledge to find solutions for practical
problems / pretty quite / to operate to work / to rise,
rose, risen to go up, to ascend / straight directly / foot
(pl. feet) = 30.48cm / to reach to arrive at / cruising
altitude highest altitude which is sustained during a
flight /
ETATS-UNIS I  B2-C1
descent would be vertical as well. A VTOL could
get in and out of tight spaces. 
GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS
3. But could a VTOL compete with traditional cars
in terms of greenhouse gas emissions? This is an
important consideration, because scientists say
the world needs to begin reducing its total emis-
sions within the next decade to avoid the worst
effects of climate change. Cleaning up the trans-
portation is responsible for 28% of greenhouse gas
emissions in the U.S, according to the U.S. Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency.  6. However, the researchers noted that people
4. To see whether flying cars have a role to play
in a sustainable future, Kasliwal and his co-au-
thors compared a hypothetical battery-powered
flying car to two vehicles that travel on the
ground: a regular car powered by an internal
combustion engine, and a battery-powered electric
car. The researchers simulated a variety of sce-
narios.  lar car and 6% cleaner than the electric car. The
5. First, they considered the emissions that each
kind of car would produce if it carried a single
tight restricted, small.
3. greenhouse gas gas which contributes to the rise in
the Earth’s atmospheric temperature / to compete to
contend with, to rival / decade period of ten years / to
avoid to prevent / according to as stated/reported by....
4. whether if (or not) / battery-powered battery-
activated / to travel to drive / regular ordinary, normal /
engine motor / researcher scientist who studies and
investigates a subject.
5. to consider to study / kind sort /
The Bell Nexus, a VTOL air taxi vehicle. (SIPA)
passenger. The regular car releases greenhouse
gases through its tailpipe. The electric car and the
flying car wouldn’t produce emissions directly,
so the researchers considered the pollution as-
sociated with generating the electricity needed to
power them. For short trips up to 35 kilometers,
the regular car produced fewer emissions than
the flying car. For longer trips, the flying car was
cleaner to operate. But in this analysis, the flying
car could never match the low emissions of the
electric car. 
THE KEY TO SUSTAINABILITY
won’t always be traveling solo. So they redid their
calculations assuming that the regular car and
the electric car had 1.54 passengers (the actual
average in the U.S.) and that the flying car had 3
passengers (not including the pilot). When they
considered the greenhouse gas emissions per
passenger for a trip lasting 100 km, they found
that the flying car was 52% cleaner than the regu-
key for the flying car is to spend enough time in
the air — and carry enough passengers — to jus-
tify the emissions produced during takeoff and
landing. These findings suggest that flying cars
would be more sustainable if used as ride-share
taxi services. l
to release to emit / tailpipe exhaust pipe, part of a car
where gas fumes are emitted / trip journey / to match to
equal.
6. to assume to suppose / actual real / average norm /
to last to continue for / ride-share car-pooling,
car-sharing.
VOCABLE Du 30 mai au 12 juin 2019 • 33
Les sorties Retrouvez plus de coups de cœur sur www.vocable.fr

sur www.vocable.fr jouez et gagnez...

Des entrées pour des films et des expositions, des CD et des DVD, des romans, des voyages…

DVD DVD
LIVRE GREEN BOOK THE BOOKSHOP
De Peter Farrelly De Isabel Coixet
À JETER SANS OUVRIR New York, 1962. Alors que règne la
De Viv Albertine ségrégation raciale, le Dr Don
Ancienne guitariste des Shirley (Mahershala Ali), pianiste
Slits, groupe de punk afro-américain de renommée
mondiale, s’apprête à effectuer
féminin qui a révolutionné
une tournée de concerts à travers
la scène musicale
le pays. Il engage Tony Lip (Viggo
britannique des années Mortensen), videur italo-américain
1970 aux côtés des Sex du Bronx à la langue bien pendue,
Pistols et des Clash, Viv pour lui servir de chauffeur et de
Albertine est aussi une garde du corps. Commence alors
auteure de talent. Elle un long road-trip dans le Sud
nous l’avait déjà prouvé profond, au cours duquel les deux
avec son premier livre hommes, que tout oppose, vont se
autobiographique, De découvrir. Cette comédie
fringues, de musique et de dramatique récompensée par trois
mecs (disponible en poche Oscars cette année repose sur un
chez 10/18), unanimement duo comique exceptionnel. On rit
acclamé par la critique. beaucoup, on s’émeut aussi. Florence Green, une veuve de
Avec À jeter sans ouvrir, Viv Metropolitan Filmexport - 19€99. guerre, s’installe à Hardborough,
Albertine délivre un récit petite bourgade anglaise en bord
fougueux et passionnant mettant à nu son histoire familiale de mer. Elle décide d’y acheter la
complexe. Oscillant entre le Londres des années 2000 et Old House, une bâtisse laissée à
l’Angleterre pauvre des années 1960 dans laquelle l’auteure a l’abandon, pour y ouvrir sa librairie.
grandi, ce récit est une rébellion contre « toute une vie Elle entre alors en guerre, bien
d’habitude et d’expectative familiales » et un portrait de la malgré elle, avec Violet Gamart,
société britannique au cours de cette période. C’est aussi un notable du coin décidée à faire de
livre sur les petits et les grands tourments de la vie, une ode à la la Old House un centre d’art
moderne. Un film tout en subtilité
maternité et aux femmes. À dévorer sans modération.
qui se moque des prétentions et de
Éditions Buchet Chastel - 22€. l’étroitesse d’esprit de la petite
bourgeoisie provinciale, et met en
lumière le pouvoir salvateur des
TÉLÉVISION livres et de la lecture.
Septième factory - 14€99.
GLORIA
De John Cassavetes D D
Des DgVer ! Des DgVer !
Gloria (Gena Rowlands), ancienne danseuse et ex-maîtresse d’un
à ga n à ga n
mafieux, se voit confier la garde de leur fils par ses voisins de palier, qui ble.fr ble .fr
ww.voca w.voca
craignent les représailles d’une organisation criminelle. Acculée, Gloria sur w sur ww
prend la fuite avec Phil (John Adames), six ans. L’improbable couple doit
alors se faire une place dans les rues inhospitalières de New York...
Magnifiquement interprété, ce film de John Cassavetes est une EXPOSITION
déclaration d’amour à l’actrice Gena Rowlands. ÉLECTRO : DE KRAFTWERK À DAFT PUNK
À voir sur Arte le 5 juin à 20h55. Née il y a plus de trente ans dans les
clubs underground de Chicago et
Détroit, la musique électro a depuis
conquis la planète entière et donné
naissance à une vaste culture. La
Philharmonie de Paris vous propose
une plongée dans l’univers électro à
travers une exposition immersive sur
une bande-son inédite signée
Laurent Garnier.
Cité de la musique - Philharmonie
de Paris, 221 avenue Jean-Jaurès,
75019 Paris. Jusqu’au 11 août.

34 • VOCABLE Du 30 mai au 12 juin 2019

 le
dessin
I Décryptage I ETATS-UNIS

N.R.A.'S TROUBLES
The National Riffle Association, the oldest and most influential gun lobby in the United States with an estimated
5 million members, is currently struggling with one of its biggest crises in decades. In April, after a bitter leadership
battle, Wayne LaPierre was re-elected as CEO of the NRA by board members, despite being widely criticised over
allegations of self-dealing and excessive personal spending. The organization is also facing an investigation into
its finances by the New York State Attorney General following multiple reports of long-running financial
mismanagement. The investigation could threaten the group’s tax-exempt status.
trouble difficulties, problems / gun firearm / lobby pressure group / an estimated approximately / currently at present, at the moment / to struggle with to face, deal
with, be confronted by / bitter acrimonious, hostile / leadership directors / CEO = Chief Executive Officer / board member member of the group of directors / widely by
a large number of people / self-dealing conduct of taking advantage of one’s position to act in one’s own interests / spending expenditure / investigation enquiry /
Attorney General (US) most senior legal officer in a state / following after, as a result of / long-running which has continued for a long time / mismanagement bad
handling / to threaten to menace / tax-exempt free of tax, not taxable.

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VOCABLE Du 30 mai au 12 juin 2019 • 35

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