Depression is a disorder when someone gets sad because of something that had happened in

their life that can alter their life in the future. Depression can be caused by bullying and cyber
bullying. Depression is a bad disorder because it comes with bad results like suicides or people
hurting themselves. He’s one of Hollywood’s highest paid actors, but “The Rock” recently
opened about depression to the Express, a British newspaper. “Struggle and pain are real,” said
Johnson, who saved his mother from a suicide attempt when he was 15.  “Depression never
discriminates,” he tweeted later. “Took me a long time to realize it but the key is to not be afraid
to open. Especially us dudes tend to keep it in. You’re not alone.” This quote is said by Dwayne
Johnson. Depression can hurt everyone even celebs, so depression is a bad disorder towards
everybody. So nobody should say that depression is not that bad if it can happen to celebs it can
be serious for anyone. Different symptoms are:

 Feeling sad or having a depressed mood

 Loss of interest or pleasure in activities once enjoyed.

 Changes in appetite — weight loss or gain unrelated to dieting.
 Trouble sleeping or sleeping too much.
 Loss of energy or increased fatigue
 Increase in purposeless physical activity (e.g., inability to sit still, pacing, handwringing) or slowed
movements or speech (these actions must be severe enough to be observable by others)
 Feeling worthless or guilty
 Difficulty thinking, concentrating or making decisions
 Thoughts of death or suicide

Depression is the worst disorder to have if you don’t want to die at a young age.

Depression is classified as a mood disorder. It may be described as feelings of sadness, loss, or anger
that interfere with a person’s everyday activities.

Though depression and grief share some features, depression is different from grief felt after losing a
loved one or sadness felt after a traumatic life event. Depression usually involves self-loathing or a loss of
self-esteem, while grief typically does not.

Conditions that can get worse due to depression include:

 arthritis
 asthma
 cardiovascular disease
 cancer
 diabetes
 obesity

Depression causes.
There are several possible causes of depression. They can range from biological to circumstantial.

Common causes include:

 Brain chemistry. There may be a chemical imbalance in parts of the brain that manage mood,
thoughts, sleep, appetite, and behavior in people who have depression.

 Hormone levels. Changes in female hormones estrogen and progesterone during different

periods of time like during the menstrual cycle, postpartum period, perimenopause,
or menopause may all raise a person’s risk for depression.

 Family history. You’re at a higher risk for developing depression if you have a family history of
depression or another mood disorder.

 Early childhood trauma. Some events affect the way your body reacts to fear and stressful
situations.

 Brain structure. There’s a greater risk for depression if the frontal lobe of your brain is less
active. However, scientists don’t know if this happens before or after the onset of depressive
symptoms.

 Medical conditions. Certain conditions mayTrusted Source put you at higher risk, such

as chronic illness, insomnia, chronic pain, Parkinson’s disease, stroke, heart attack, and cancer.

 Substance use. A history of substance or alcohol misuse can affect your risk.

 Pain. People who feel emotional or chronic physical pain for long periods of time are
significantly more likelyTrusted Source to develop depression.

Risk factors

Risk factors for depression can be biochemical, medical, social, genetic, or circumstantial. Common risk
factors include:

 Sex. The prevalence of major depression is twice as high in femalesTrusted Source as in males.

 Genetics. You have an increased riskTrusted Source of depression if you have a family history of
it.
  Socioeconomic status. Socioeconomic status, including financial problems and perceived low
social status, can increaseTrusted Source your risk of depression.

 Certain medications. Certain drugs including some types of hormonal birth

control, corticosteroids, and beta-blockers may be associatedTrusted Source with an increased
risk of depression.

 Vitamin D deficiency. StudiesTrusted Source have linked depressive symptoms to low levels of

vitamin D.

 Gender identity. The risk of depression for transgender people is nearly 4-fold that of cisgender
people, according to a 2018 study.

 Substance misuse. About 21 percent of people who have a substance use disorder also

experience depression.

 Medical illnesses. Depression is associated with other chronic medical illnesses. People with
heart disease are about twice as likelyTrusted Source to have depression as people who don’t,
while up to 1 in 4 peopleTrusted Source with cancer may also experience depression.

The causes of depression are often tied to other elements of your health.

Treatment for depression

You may successfully manage symptoms with one form of treatment, or you may find that a combination
of treatments works best.

It’s common to combine medical treatments and lifestyle therapies, including the following:

Medications

Your healthcare professional may prescribe:

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)

SSRIs are the most commonly prescribed antidepressant medications and tend to have few side effects.
They treat depression by increasing the availability of the neurotransmitter serotonin in your brain.

SSRIs should not be takenTrusted Source with certain drugs including monoamine oxidase inhibitors

(MAOIs) and in some cases thioridazine or Orap (pimozide).

People who are pregnant should talk to their healthcare professionals about the risks of taking SSRIs
during pregnancy. You should also use cautionTrusted Source if you have narrow-angle glaucoma.

Examples of SSRIs include citalopram (Celexa), escitalopram

(Lexapro), fluvoxamine (Luvox), paroxetine (Paxil, Paxil XR, Pexeva), and sertraline (Zoloft).

Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)

SNRIs treat depression by increasing the amount of the neurotransmitters serotonin and norepinephrine
in your brain.

SNRIs should not be taken with MAOIs. You should use caution if you have liver or kidney problems, or
narrow-angle glaucoma.

Examples of SNRIs include desvenlafaxine (Pristiq, Khedezla), duloxetine (Cymbalta, Irenka),

levomilnacipran (Fetzima), and venlafaxine (Effexor XR).

Tricyclic and tetracyclic antidepressants

Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) and tetracyclic antidepressants (TECAs) treat depression by increasing

the amount of the neurotransmitters serotonin and norepinephrine in your brain.

TCAs can cause more side effects than SSRIs or SNRIs. Do not take TCAs or TECAs with MAOIs. Use
with caution if you have narrow-angle glaucoma.
Examples of tricyclic antidepressants
include amitriptyline (Elavil), doxepin (Sinequan), imipramine (Tofranil), trimipramine
(Surmontil), desipramine (Norpramin), nortriptyline (Pamelor, Aventyl), and protriptyline (Vivactil).

Atypical antidepressants

Noradrenaline and dopamine reuptake inhibitors (NDRIs)

These drugs can treat depression by increasing the levels of dopamine and noradrenaline in your brain.

Examples of NDRIs include bupropion (Wellbutrin).

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)

MAOIs treat depression by increasing the levelsTrusted Source of norepinephrine, serotonin, dopamine,
and tyramine in your brain.

Due to side effects and safety concernsTrusted Source, MAOIs are not the first choice for treating mental
health disorders. They are typically used only if other medications are unsuccessful at treating
depression.

Examples of MAOIs include isocarboxazid (Marplan), phenelzine (Nardil), selegiline (Emsam),

tranylcypromine (Parnate).

N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonists

N-methyl-D-aspartate (NDMA) antagonists treat depressionTrusted Source by increasing levels of

glutamate in the brain. Glutamate is a neurotransmitter believed to be involved in depression.

NMDA antagonists are used only in patients who have not had success with other antidepressant
treatments.
The FDA has approved one NDMA medication, esketamineTrusted Source (Spravato), for the treatment
of depression.

Esketamine is a nasal spray that is only available through a restricted program called Spravato REMS.

Patients may experience tiredness and dissociation (difficulty with attention, judgment, and thinking) after
taking the medication. For this reason, esketamine is administered in a healthcare setting where a
healthcare professional can monitor for sedation and dissociation.

Each type of medication that’s used to treat depression has benefits and potential risks.

Psychotherapy

Speaking with a therapist can help you learn skills to cope with negative feelings. You may also benefit
from family or group therapy sessions.

Psychotherapy, also known as “talk therapy,” is when a person speaks to a trained therapist to identify
and learn to cope with the factors that contribute to their mental health condition, such as depression.

Psychotherapy has been shownTrusted Source to be an effective treatment in improving symptoms in

people with depression and other psychiatric disorders.

Psychotherapy is often used alongside pharmaceutical treatment. There are many different types of
psychotherapy, and some people respond better to one type than another.

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)

In cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), a therapist will work with you to uncover unhealthy patterns of
thought and identify how they may be causing harmful behaviors, reactions, and beliefs about yourself.

Your therapist might assign you “homework” where you practice replacing negative thoughts with more
positive thoughts.
Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT)

Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) is similar to CBT, but puts a specific emphasis on validation, or
accepting uncomfortable thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, instead of fighting them.

The theory is that by coming to terms with your harmful thoughts or emotions, you can accept that change
is possible and make a recovery plan.

Psychodynamic therapy

Psychodynamic therapy is a form of talk therapy designed to help you better understand and cope with
your day-to-day life. Psychodynamic therapy is based on the ideaTrusted Source that your present-day
reality is shaped by your unconscious, childhood experiences.

In this form of therapy, your therapist will help you reflect and examine your childhood and experiences to
help you understand and cope with your life.