Group 1:

PED 105
Guidance &
Counselling
WMSU

1
WESTERN MINDANAO STATE UNIVERSITY
 GUIDANCE
TOPIC: Introduction to Guidance Reporter
and Counselling (3 hours)
I. Meaning of Guidance REGINE P. ASEDERA
II. The Need of Guidance NURFAINA A. JAIPUDDIN
III. Aims and Purposes of JONABER T. MOHAMMAD-SABIL
Guidance
IV. History and Development of SHAIWRA MAE MORALES
Guidance
V. Guidance and counselling in a SARWA JALAD
comparative perspective:
“Philippines and other countries”
Desired Learning Outcomes:
1. Identify the meaning, need, purposes of guidance
that is interdisciplinary and integrated in the
teaching-learning process both inside and outside
the classroom learning experience.
2. Identify its basic principles in the educational
setting.
3. Show the evolution of guidance in the Philippines
in a timeline and its impact in the Philippine
educational system.
4. Differentiate the guidance programs/practices in
the Philippines and other countries.
I. MEANING OF GUIDANCE

REGINE P. ASEDERA
(Reporter)
 GUIDANCE
“Guidance is a concept as well as a
process. As a concept, guidance is
concerned with the optimal
development of the individual. As a
process, guidance helps the individual
in self-understanding and in self-
direction.”
Meaning of Guidance

Good:
“Guidance is a process of dynamic
interpersonal relationships designed to
influence the attitudes and subsequent
behavior of a person.”
Meaning of Guidance

Hamrin and Erickson:

“Guidance is that aspect of educational
programme which is concerned especially
with helping the pupil to become adjusted
to his present situation and to plan his
future in turn with his interests; abilities
and social needs.”
Meaning of Guidance

Lefever, Turrell and Weitzel:

“Guidance is an educational service designed to
help students make more effective use of the
schools training programme.”
Meaning of Guidance

Chisholm:
“Guidance seeks to help each individual become
familiar with a wide range of information about
himself, his interests, his abilities, his previous
development in the various areas of living and
his plans or ambitions for the future.”
Meaning of Guidance

Jones:
“Guidance involves personal help given by
someone, it is designed to assist a person to
decide where he wants to go, what he wants to
do or how he can best accomplish his purpose;
it assists him to solve problems that arise in
his life.”
Meaning of Guidance

Dunsmoor and Miller:

“Guidance is a means of helping individuals to
understand and use wisely the educational,
vocational and personal opportunities they have
or can develop and as a form of systematic
assistance whereby students are aided in
achieving satisfactory adjustment to school
and to life.”
Meaning of Guidance

Mathewson:
“Guidance is the systematic professional
process of helping the individual through
education and interpretative procedures to gain
a better under-standing of his own
characteristics and potentialities and to relate
himself more satisfactorily to social and
moral values.”
Meaning of Guidance

Bernad and Fullmer:

“Guidance is perceived as all those activities
which promote individual self realization.”
Meaning of Guidance

Stoops and Wahlquist:

“Guidance is a continuous process of helping
the individual development to the maximum of
his capacity in the direction most beneficial
to himself and to society.”
Meaning of Guidance

Traxler:
“Guidance enables each individual to understand
abilities and interests, to develop them as well
as possible and to relate them to life-goals, and
finally to reach a state of complete and mature
self-guidance as a desirable member of the social
order”.
Meaning of Guidance

Smith:
“The guidance process consists of a group of
services to individuals to assist them in securing
the knowledge’s and skills needed in making
adequate choices, plans and interpretations
essential to satisfactory adjustment in a
variety of areas.”
Meaning of Guidance

Crow and Crow:

“Guidance is assistance made available by
competent counsellors to an individual of any
age to help him direct his own life, develop his
own point of view, make his own decisions,
carry his own burdens”.
Meaning of Guidance
Mc Daniel:
“Guidance is a facilitative service, it does not
undertake to carry out the objectives of
educational programmes; rather, it attends to
provide aids to pupils and staff to help pupils
determine the courses most appropriate to their
needs and abilities, find instructors who will be
more sympathetic to their individual
requirements, and seek out activities which
will help them realize their potentialities.”
Meaning of Guidance

Brewer:
“Guidance is a process through which an
individual is able to solve his problems and
pursue a path suited to his abilities and
aspirations”.
Meaning of Guidance

Moser and Moser:

“Guidance is a with many meanings. It is a
point of view, it is a group of services, it is a
field of study… should we be required to
choose one of the emphasis, service would
predominate.”
Meaning of Guidance

Mortensen and Schmullar:

“From one point of guidance clearly embraces
all of education, from another, it is seen as a
specialized service whose primary concern is
with the individual.”
Meaning of Guidance

Tiedeman:
“The goal of guidance is to help people, become
purposeful and not merely to peruse purposeful
activity”.
Meaning of Guidance

National Vocational Guidance Association, U.S.A:

“Guidance is a process of helping a person to develop
and accept an integrated and adequate picture of himself
and of his role in the world of work, to test this concept
against reality and to convert it into reality with
satisfaction to himself and benefit to the society.”
Meaning of Guidance

Secondary Education Commission, 1954 (India):

“Guidance involves the difficult art of
helping boys and girls to plan their own
future wisely in the full light of all the
factors that can be mastered about
themselves and about the world in which
they are to live and work.”
After compiling all the definitions cited above,
it is found that guidance goes smoothly carrying
two individuals into its account. In one side the
needy child who seeks guidance plays his role on
the other hand the guide or guidance worker who
is having excess experiences in his field
concerning guidance acts sincerely.
That is why it is proved that like education,
guidance is also bipolar process. It is a some sort
of assistance or help given by guidance worker
to the youngster not only to make him fit for
educational career or job career but also it
suggests how to adjust with others and to
prepare him for future world.
Especially in educational situation teacher plays
a vital role as guide at the time problems faced
by the students. In short, it is stated that suitable
solution and fruitful suggestion for the problem
of the students is the important goal of guidance
which is to be achieved.
II. THE NEED OF GUIDANCE

NURFAINA A. JAIPUDDIN
(Reporter)
 The need of guidance is something that
cannot be ignored by anyone. Furthermore,
guidance helps in the development of
educational, vocational, and psychological
skills in an individual. Most noteworthy,
guidance would help an individual to achieve
an optimal level of happiness and peace in
life.
 In capsule, there is a need for
guidance according to Kapunan because
human beings need help. She also stresses
that while all guidance is education, not all
aspects of education are guidance. That
is, in guidance a change for the better takes
place within an individual (e.g. behavior and
attitude change). Education has an
element of indoctrination and compulsion
(e.g. learning Math).
THE NEED FOR GUIDANCE
Human being need help. Some people
need it once in a blue moon, as in a crisis;
Other need it at regular interval, While still other
need it all the time. Most of us are constantly
wanting, struggling, striving, very few remain
contented with what they are, or with what they
have. Oftentimes we trace the factor and the
influence that have made us what we are and
we realize how life could have been change or
improve if we had receive some guidance.
“A remark,
a smile,
a word of encourage,
a book of article that we have
read,
a chance meeting with a friend or
an order person,
…could be a determining factor in
improving our life.”
III. AIMS AND PURPOSES OF
GUIDANCE

JONABER T. MOHAMMAD-SABIL
(Reporter)
AIMS OF GUIDANCE
The aims of guidance was based
on the fundamental aims of education
as provided for in our constitution, and
as applied by Congress in May 1950,
namely, that it is the duty of all schools
and other educational agencies in the
Philippines to guide the children. Thus:
AIMS OF GUIDANCE
1. “To live a moral life guided by faith in God
and love of fellowmen, irrespective of
creed, color, and race.”

2. “To love and serve the Republic of the

Phillipines.”
AIMS OF GUIDANCE
3. “To be able to read and listen with
understanding, to speak and write
intelligently, and to think and act wisely in
solving the problems of daily life.”

4. “To be efficient in earning an honest

living.”
AIMS OF GUIDANCE
5. “To maintain family unity, live a happy
home life, and discharge efficiently the
responsibilities of the home.”

6. “To carry on healthful living in a

wholesome environment in order to be both
physically strong and mentally fit to meet the
requirements of a useful life.”
AIMS OF GUIDANCE
7. “To make wise use of leisure time for self-
improvement and for the service of the
community.”

8. “To appreciate the arts or letters and to

attain such fulfillment, enriching them with
their own contribution.”
AIMS OF GUIDANCE
9. “To carry on the Filipino way of life – its
heritage, culture, and traditions.”

10. “To understand other countries and

develop goodwill toward other problems.”
PURPOSE OF GUIDANCE
• To enable the individual or person to be
matured, socially responsible,
economically self-sufficient and ultimately
to be self-directing citizen, for that
necessary programmes are undertaken for
his best development.
• It enables the individual/person to take
right decision in each and every stage of
his life by overcoming the necessities and
incorporating the necessities.
PURPOSE OF GUIDANCE
• To achieve self-sufficiency in each and
every aspect of life, the individual/person
is helped to analyze his self clearly i.e. his
strength, limitation, interests, aptitudes,
abilities, potentialities, etc.
• Guidance is organized with the help of
different services to provide realistic
information about potentialities of the
individual and the opening of the world of
work in which he/she is best fitted for.
IV. History and Development of
Guidance
 V. Guidance and Counselling in a
Comparative Perspective:
“Philippines and Other Countries”
That’s all..

THANK YOU!
 History
and
Development
of
WMSU Guidance and
Counselling
55
WESTERN MINDANAO STATE UNIVERSITY
 The
pseudo-
scientific
techniques in
guidance
Different types
of Pseudo-
scientific
techniques
Numerology
• Predicting of the future
outcomes
• Using series of
numbers.
Astrology
• Uses Stars , constellations and
Heavenly bodies
• Associating one’s faith
Graphology
• Penmanship Pattern
• Analyzing one’s character
Palmistry
• Hand tell
• Belief that lines tells the fate and destiny
Phrenology
• Individual’s traits
-ex: Honesty, Sympathy, Love and others.
• Determined by the shape of the head the form of the
forehead and so on.
Physiognomy
• Allied to Phrenology
• Predicts personality traits.
Occultism and Spiritualism
• Predicts the past and the future.
Espiritistas
• Claims that spirits can make a person well
again.
Ouija
• Consist of drinking glass.
• a table with a board of letters of the
alphabet.
 Question 1

1) What type of pseudo-

scientific technique, where it
uses penmanship to predict one’s
traits?

Ans: Graphology
 Question 2

1) Chinese people uses

__________ to predict one’s
fortune. What type of pseudo-
scientific technique is used?

Ans: Astrology
 The Guidance, the
result of Scientific
Study
 Question 3

1) It is where the development

of individual progress from
birth to old age.?

Ans: Educational
Guidance
The Present
Status of
Guidance
 The Progress of guidance has
been slow because of lack of
trained personnel and sympathetic
administrators lack of funds, and
misconceptions about guidance.
 Guidance in the United
States
Early Part of 20th Century
• The 1st organized guidance movement –
• the move to assist young people – was started
by a civic-minded leader, Frank Parsons, in
Boston Massachusetts.

1905
• He organized the Breadwinners Institute
• with a planned program for vocational guidance.
 Principles of Guidance (Frank
Parson)
• It is better to choose a vocation than to hunt for
a job.
• Careful analysis should precede the choice of a
vocation. The putting down on paper of a self
analysis is a supreme importance.
• The youth should also make a personal survey
of a vocational field before deciding on a
vocation that seems convenient.
• The advise of men who have made careful study
of men and vocations and of the conditions of
success is helpful in deciding on a vocation.
1909
• It was Frank Parson who caused the
inclusion of vocational guidance. When a
committee on vocational advise was
appointed by the Boston School
Committee
1910
• When a vocational counselor was
appointed in every elementary and high
school in Boston.
1912
• Boston Placement Bureau was founded.
19344
• There were 35 branches of the National
Vocational Guidance Association.
• Guidance became a national scope when
the United States Office of Education
established the Occupational Information
and Guidance Service with Harry A.
Jaeger as director.
• The Guidance program was administered
by the Guidance Pupil Personnel Service
was set up by the virtue of the Wagner-
Peyser Act of 1935.
• During World War II
• Guidance suffered a setback when young
men were drafted into the military service
and to job opportunities in war industries,
thus causing a considerable decrease in
high school enrollment
 Question 4

1) He is also known as the

“father of (Vocational)
Guidance” ?

Ans: Frank Parson

 Guidance Movements in
Europe
IN GREAT BRITAIN
• Placement work is carried out for boys and girls
who leave the elementary school having
reached the age of 14-15 – the end of the
compulsory education period – or 16 years – the
secondary school leaving age.
• this is undertaken by the Ministry of labor
through the Juvenile Employment Exchange
Similar services are also provided by private
institutions and agencies.
• The National Institute of Industrial
Psychology in London, provides
counseling through career masters.
• Guidance in Great Britain suffered a
setback during World War II because
young workers could readily obtain
employment without vocational guidance.
• In the End of World War II, Guidance has
been undergoing reconstruction and
expansion.
IN FRANCE
The schools in France are highly regimented,
subject to strict supervision, and under the Ministry
of Education in Paris.
1922
• Vocational guidance became established offices.
1930
• The guiding force in vocational guidance in
France is the National Institute for Vocational
Guidance founded.
IN GERMANY
• Under First Reich, vocational guidance
enabled boys to find jobs and aided the
government to relocate workers where
they were needed.
• Second Reich, individuals were given a
taste of freedom of personality in a
democracy.
• In the Third Reich, guidance was only
given only in the interest of the state.
IN RUSSIA
• The entire philosophy in Russian
education system is work, work and more
work.
• The vocational guidance bureau handles
counseling programs.
Guidance Movement in the
Philippines

• Guidance is said to have an accidental

and incidental origin.
Before 1925
• Guidance as a movement, as it was now
practiced and accepted, was unknown in
the Philippines.
1932
• When the Psychological Clinic was
established by Dr. Sinforoso Padilla
(Concerning about the problems of the
Students).
19344
• Counseling test were administered to the
convicts of Bilibid Prison.
1939
• Test were administered to the inmates in
Welfareville.
In SY 1939-1940
• A dean of boys and dean of girls in each of
the four public schools in Manila were
chosen (to look after the behavior and
conduct of students who were referred to
them by the classroom adviser.
In November 19454545
• The 1st Guidance Institute was opened.
• The Bureau of Public Schools started to
send teachers as pensionados for
observation and study of guidance
services abroad.
• In this connection, guidance experts, like
Dr. Roy G. Bone and George H. Bennett,
UNESCO specialist in Guidance, helped
much in making Filipino officials guidance
experts.
19551
• Congress proposed the establishment of a
functional guidance and counseling
program to help students select their
course, activities, occupations, friends,
future mates, and so on…
19552
• Division superintendents of school
recommended the establishment of
guidance services in the public schools.
19454545
• The chosen 1st site of Guidance Institute
is in National Teachers College.
19553
• The Philippine Association of Guidance
Counselors was organized in order to
study the needs, interests, and
potentialities of our young people, and to
established a Testing Bureau.
 Question 5

1) In what year Vocational

guidance started establishing
their offices?

Ans: 1922
 The Most systematic guidance program
in the Philippines was launched by the
Guidance Section of the United States
Veterans Administration composed of both
American and Filipino Psychologists, like Dr.
Sinforoso Padilla, Dr. Jesus Perpinan, and
Mr. Roman Tuazon.
 Foremost among the colleges and
universities which offer courses in guidance
and which have established guidance
centers are the M.L.Quezon University, the
St. Scholastica College, National Teachers
College, Philippine Women University, Far
Eastern University, University of Manila,
University of Sto. Tomas, University of the
Philippines, and the Baguio Colleges.
End of Slide